Bottom-up memorial landscapes between social protest and top-down tourist destination: the case of Chicano Park in San Diego (California) – an analysis based on Ralf Dahrendorf’s conflict theory

References

• Acevedo, L. (2018). Picnic may lead to protest in Chicano Park. Retrieved from https://www.10news.com/news/picnic-may-lead-to-protest-in-chicano-park
   Google Scholar
• Akers Chacón, J., & Davis, M. (2006). No one is illegal: Fighting violence and state repression on the U.S.-Mexico border. Cheltenham: Haymarket Books.
   Google Scholar
• Aschenbrand, E. (2017). Die Landschaft des Tourismus: Wie Landschaft von Reiseveranstaltern inszeniert und von Touristen konsumiert wird. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
   Google Scholar
• Aschenbrand, E., & Michler, T. (2020). Linking socio-scientific landscape research with the ecosystem service approach aanalyze conflicts about protected area management – the case of the Bavarian Forest National Park. In D. Edler, C. Jenal, & O. Kühne (Eds.), Modern Approaches to the Visualization of Landscapes (pp. 403–425). Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
   Google Scholar
• Bartos, O., & Wehr, P. (2010). Using Conflict Theory (2. Auflage). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dahrendorf, R. (1957). Soziale Klassen und Klassenkonflikt in der industriellen Gesellschaft. Stuttgart: Enke.
   Google Scholar
• Dahrendorf, R. (1968). Pfade aus Utopia: Arbeiten zur Theorie und Methode der Soziologie. München: Piper.
   Google Scholar
• Dahrendorf, R. (1972). Konflikt und Freiheit: Auf dem Weg zur Dienstklassengesellschaft. München: Piper.
   Google Scholar
• Dahrendorf, R. (1992). Der moderne soziale Konflikt: Essay zur Politik der Freiheit. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt DVA.
   Google Scholar
• Dahrendorf, R. (1994). Der moderne soziale Konflikt: Essay zur Politik der Freiheit. München: Dtv.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, M., Mayhew, K., & Miller, J. (Eds.) (2003). Under the perfect sun: The San Diego tourists never see. New York: New Press.
   Google Scholar
• Del Griswold Castillo, R. (Ed.) (2007). Chicano San Diego: Cultural space and the struggle for justice. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dibble, S., & Davis, K. (2018). Officer punched, tensions flare at ‘Patriot Picnic’ at Chicano Park. Retrieved from https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/politics/sd-me-patriot-picnic-20180131-story.html
   Google Scholar
• Donnelly, T. (2017). Violent mob forces police to shut down ‘Patriot Picnic’ at Chicano Park. Retrieved from http://www.breitbart.com/california/2017/09/04/violent-mob-forces-police-shut-down-patriot-picnic-at-chicano-park/
   Google Scholar
• Falser, M. (2007). Chicano Park: Bürgerinitiative, Graffiti-Kunst und Traumaverarbeitung. Geschichte und Bedeutung von ‘Chicano Park’ in Barrio Logan, San Diego (Kalifornien, USA). Kunsttexte, (4), 1–15. Retrieved from https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/18452/7730/falser.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Fontaine, D. (2017). Simulierte Landschaften in der Postmoderne: Reflexionen und Befunde zu Disneyland, Wolfersheim und GTA V. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
   Google Scholar
• Ford, L. (2005). Metropolitan San Diego: How geography and lifestyle shape a New Urban environment. Metropolitan portraits. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, D. (2005). A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Herzog, L. A. (2004). Globalization of the Barrio: Transformation of the Latino Cultural Landscapes of San Diego, California. In D. D. Arreola (Ed.), Hispanic spaces, Latino places: Community and cultural diversity in contemporary America (pp. 103–124). Austin: University of Texas Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hokema, D. (2013). Landschaft im Wandel? Zeitgenössische Landschaftsbegriffe in Wissenschaft, Planung und Alltag. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
   Google Scholar
• Hokema, D. (2015). Landscape is everywhere. The construction of landscape by US-American laypersons. Geographische Zeitschrift, 103(3), 151–170.
   Google Scholar
• Horkheimer, M. (1982). Critical Theory. Selected Essays. New York: continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Horkheimer, M., & Adorno, T. W. (1969). Dialektik der Aufklärung: Philosophische Fragmente. Frankfurt (Main): Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Howard, P., Thompson, I., Waterton, E., & Atha, M. (Eds.) (2019). The Routledge companion to landscape studies (2. Auflage). London, New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Jenal, C. (2019). ‘Das ist kein Wald, Ihr Pappnasen! ‘– Zur sozialen Konstruktion von Wald: Perspektiven von Landschaftstheorie und Landschaftspraxis. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
   Google Scholar
• Kühne, O. (2006). Landschaft in der Postmoderne: Das Beispiel des Saarlandes. Wiesbaden: Duv.
   Google Scholar
• Kühne, O. (2008). Distinktion – Macht – Landschaft: Zur sozialen Definition von Landschaft. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag Für Sozialwissenschaften.
   Google Scholar
• Kühne, O. (2017). Zur Aktualität von Ralf Dahrendorf: Einführung in sein Werk. Aktuelle und klassische Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaftler|innen. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
   Google Scholar
• Kühne, O. (2018a). Landscape and power in geographical space as a social-aesthetic construct. Dordrecht: Springer International Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Kühne, O. (2018b). Landschaft und Wandel: Zur Veränderlichkeit von Wahrnehmungen. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
   Google Scholar
• Kühne, O. (2018C). Reboot “Regionale Geographie” – Ansätze einer neopragmatischen Rekonfiguration “horizontaler Geographien”. Berichte. Geographie Und Landeskunde, 92(2), 101–121.
   Google Scholar
• Kühne, O. (2019). Landscape theories: A brief introduction. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
   Google Scholar
• Kühne, O. (2020). Landscape conflicts: A theoretical approach based on the three worlds theory of Karl Popper and the conflict theory of Ralf Dahrendorf, illustrated by the example of the energy system transformation in Germany. Sustainability, 12(17), 6772–6720. doi:10.3390/su12176772.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kühne, O., & Jenal, C. (2020). Baton Rouge – the multivillage metropolis: A neopragmatic landscape biographical approach on spatial pastiches, hybridization, and differentiation. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
   Google Scholar
• Kühne, O., & Jenal, C. (2021). Baton Rouge – A neopragmatic regional geographic approach. Urban Science, 5(1), 17. doi:10.3390/urbansci5010017
   Google Scholar
• Kühne, O., Jenal, C., & Edler, D. (2020). Functions of Landscape in Games – A Theoretical Approach with Case Examples. Arts, 9(4), 123. doi:10.3390/arts9040123
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kühne, O., & Leonardi, L. (2020). Ralf Dahrendorf: Between social theory and political Practice. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Kühne, O., & Schönwald, A. (2015). San Diego: Eigenlogiken, Widersprüche und Hybriditäten in und von, America’s finest city‘. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
   Google Scholar
• Kühne, O., & Weber, F. (2018 [online first 2017). Conflicts and negotiation processes in the course of power grid extension in Germany. Landscape Research, 43(4), 529–541. doi:10.1080/01426397.2017.1300639
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kühne, O., Weber, F., & Berr, K. (2019). The productive potential and limits of landscape conflicts in light of Ralf Dahrendorf's conflict theory. Società Mutamento Politica, 10(19), 77–90. Retrieved from https://oajournals.fupress.net/index.php/smp/article/view/10597
   Google Scholar
• Leonardi, L. (2014). Introduzione a Dahrendorf. Maestri del Novecento (vol. 20). Roma, Bari: Editori Laterza.
   Google Scholar
• Löffler, G. (2005). Der Mythos von Aztlán. In R. Zimmering (Ed.), Epistemata Reihe Literaturwissenschaft: Vol. 534. Der Revolutionsmythos in Mexiko (pp. 198–213). Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann.
   Google Scholar
• Macarrón, L. S. (2003). Los graffiti en la Frontera Méjico-Americana: estudio comparativo entre el Parque Chicano de San Diego y las calles de Tijuana. Revista De Historia De La Cultura Escrita, 12, 61–80.
   Google Scholar
• Manson, B. (2012). Original artists work to restore Chicano Park murals. Retrieved from https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2012/jul/04/citylights2-anger-and-love/
   Google Scholar
• Mayring, P. (2002). Einführung in die qualitative Sozialforschung: Eine Anleitung zu qualitativem Denken (5. Auflage). Weinheim: Beltz.
   Google Scholar
• Ortiz, I. D. (2007). ‘¡Sí, Se Puede!’ Chicana/o Activism in San Diego at Century’s End. In R. Del Griswold Castillo (Ed.), Chicano San Diego: Cultural Space And The Struggle For Justice (pp. 129–157). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
   Google Scholar
• Palma, B. (2017). ‘Violent mob’ forced police to shut down a ‘patriot picnic’ at Chicano Park? Retrieved from https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/patriot-picnic-at-chicano-park/
   Google Scholar
• Popper, K. R. (1979). Three worlds: Tanner lecture, Michigan, April 7, 1978. Michigan Quarterly Review, (1), 141–167. Retrieved from https://tannerlectures.utah.edu/_documents/a-to-z/p/popper80.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Popper, K. R. (1984). Auf der Suche nach einer besseren Welt: Vorträge und Aufsätze aus dreißig Jahren. München, Zürich: Piper.
   Google Scholar
• Popper, K. R. (1996). Alles Leben ist Problemlösen. Über Erkenntnis, Geschichte und Politik. München: Piper.
   Google Scholar
• Popper, K. R. (2011[1947]). The open society and its enemies. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Popper, K. R. (2019[1987]). Auf der Suche nach einer besseren Welt: Vorträge und Aufsätze aus dreißig Jahren. München: Piper.
   Google Scholar
• Popper, K. R., & Eccles, J. C. (1977). Das Ich und sein Gehirn. München: Piper.
   Google Scholar
• Presha, A., & Stimson, B. (2017). Opposing groups clash at Chicano Park during ‘Patriot Picnic'. Retrieved from https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/patriot-picnic-meets-with-protesters-at-chicano-park/23799/.
   Google Scholar
• Roßmeier, A., & Weber, F. (2021). Hybrid urban borderlands – redevelopment efforts and shifting boundaries in and around downtown San Diego. Journal of Borderlands Studies, 1–27. doi:10.1080/08865655.2021.1882872.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• San Diego Tourism Authority. (2021a). Chicano Park: National landmark, local treasure. Retrieved from https://www.sandiego.org/articles/parks-gardens/chicano-park.aspx
   Google Scholar
• San Diego Tourism Authority. (2021b). Explore San Diego's parks & gardens: Where green fields and colorful blooms delight year round. Retrieved from https://www.sandiego.org/explore/things-to-do/parks-gardens.aspx
   Google Scholar
• San Diego Tourism Authority. (2021c). Welcome to San Diego – California's Beach City: Where blue skies and friendly locals create a welcoming vibe. Retrieved from https://www.sandiego.org/explore.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Schulte, R. (2014). Symbolism in Barrio Logan’s new gateway sign. Retrieved from https://coolsandiegosights.com/2014/12/22/symbolism-in-barrio-logans-new-gateway-sign/
   Google Scholar
• Sheren, I. N. (2018). The San Diego Chicano movement and the origins of border art. Journal of Borderlands Studies, 33(4), 513–527. doi:10.1080/08865655.2016.1238314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slomanson, W. (2018). Commentary: What one resident learned at Chicano Park ‘Patriot Picnic’. Retrieved from https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/opinion/commentary/sd-utbg-patriot-picnic-chicano-park-20180208-story.html
   Google Scholar
• Stemmer, B. (2016). Kooperative Landschaftsbewertung in der räumlichen Planung: Sozialkonstruktivistische Analyse der Landschaftswahrnehmung der Öffentlichkeit. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
   Google Scholar
• Stotten, R. (2015). Das Konstrukt der bäuerlichen Kulturlandschaft: Perspektiven von Landwirten im Schweizerischen Alpenraum. alpine space – man & environment (Vol. 15). Innsbruck: Innsbruck University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Winchester, H. P. M., Kong, L., & Dunn, K. (2003). Landscapes: Ways of imagining the world. London, New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Wojtkiewicz, W. (2015). Sinn – Bild – Landschaft: Landschaftsverständnisse in der Landschaftsplanung: eine Untersuchung von Idealvorstellungen und Bedeutungszuweisungen. Berlin: Technische Universität Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Wylie, J. (2007). Landscape. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Zimmering, R. (Ed.) (2005). Epistemata Reihe Literaturwissenschaft: Vol. 534. Der Revolutionsmythos in Mexiko. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann.
   Google Scholar