Latent potential? Searching for environmental justice in South African landscape architecture praxis

References

• Breed, C. A., Cilliers, S. S., & Fisher, R. C. (2015). Role of landscape designers in promoting a balanced approach to green infrastructure. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 141(3), 1–11. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000248
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breed, C. A. (2022). Value negotiation and professional self-regulation – environmental concern in the design of the built environment. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 74, 127626. doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127626
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breed, C. A., Du Plessis, T., Engemann, K., Pauleit, S., & Pasgaard, M. (2023). Moving green infrastructure planning from theory to practice in sub-Saharan African cities requires collaborative operationalization. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 89(11), 128085. doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2023.128085
   Google Scholar
• Breed, C., & Mehrtens, H. (2021). Using "live" public sector projects in design teaching to transform urban green infrastructure in South Africa. Land, 11(1), 45. doi:10.3390/land11010045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brom, P., Engemann, K., Breed, C., Pasgaard, M., Onaolapo, T., & Svenning, J. C. (2023). A Decision support tool for green infrastructure planning in the face of rapid urbanization. Land, 12(2), 415. doi:10.3390/land12020415
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cilliers, S., Du Toit, M., Cilliers, J., Drewes, E., & Retief, F. (2014). Sustainable urban landscapes: South African perspectives on transdisciplinary possibilities. Landscape and Urban Planning, 125, 260–270. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.02.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cocks, M., Alexander, J., Mogano, L., & Vetter, S. (2016). Ways of belonging: meanings of “nature” among Xhosa-speaking township residents in South Africa. Journal of Ethnobiology, 36(4), 820–841. doi:10.2993/0278-0771-36.4.820
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Council of Europe. (2023). Definition and legal recognition of landscapes. https://www.coe.int/en/web/landscape/definition-and-legal-recognition-of-landscapes
   Google Scholar
• Deming, M. E. (2015). Values in landscape architecture and environmental design: Finding center in theory and practice. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dobson, J., & Dempsey, N. (2021). Known but not done: how logics of inaction limit the benefits of urban green spaces. Landscape Research, 46 (3), 390–402. doi:10.1080/01426397.2020.1864819
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodman, D., Leck, H., Rusca, M., & Colenbrander, S. (2017). African urbanisation and urbanism: Implications for risk accumulation and reduction. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 26(15), 7–15. doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.06.029
   Google Scholar
• Egoz, S., & De Nardi, A. (2017). Defining landscape justice: the role of landscape in supporting wellbeing of migrants, a literature review. Landscape Research, 42 (sup1), S74–S89. doi:10.1080/01426397.2017.1363880
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everatt, D., Marais, H., Dube, N. (2010). Participation … for what purpose? Analysing the depth and quality of public participation in the integrated development planning process in Gauteng. Politikon, 37(2-3), 223–249. doi:10.1080/02589346.2010.522333
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• First National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit. (1991). The principles of environmental justice. October 24–27, 1991. https://www.ejnet.org/ej/principles.html
   Google Scholar
• Hamdi, N. (2004). Small change: About the art of practice and the limits of planning in cities. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Healey, P. (2003). Collaborative planning” in perspective. Planning Theory, 2(2), 101–123. doi:10.1177/14730952030022002
   Google Scholar
• International Federation of Landscape Architecture. (2023). The profession. https://www.iflaworld.com/the-profession
   Google Scholar
• Institute for Landscape Architects of South Africa. (2022). About landscape architecture. https://www.ilasa.co.za/about-us/Landscape-Architecture
   Google Scholar
• Institute for Landscape Architects of South Africa. (2023). Panel discussion on landscape architecture outlook for Africa. ILASA Conference 2023: Festival of African Landscape Architecture, 13 October 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Jorgensen, A. (2016). Editorial: 2016: Landscape justice in an anniversary year. Landscape Research, 41(1), 1–6. doi:10.1080/01426397.2016.1115187
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabisch, N., Frantzeskaki, N., & Hansen, R. (2022). Principles for urban nature-based solutions. Ambio, 51(6), 1388–1401. doi:10.1007/s13280-021-01685-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, F. (2002). The roots of environmental racism and the rise of environmental justice in the 1990s. In: D. A. McDonald (Ed.), Environmental Justice in South Africa. Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press.
   Google Scholar
• Khanyile, S., & Culwick Fatti, C. (2022). Interrogating park access and equity in Johannesburg, South Africa. Environment and Urbanization, 34(1), 10–31. doi:10.1177/09562478221083891
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landman, K., & Makakavhule, K. (2021). Decolonizing public space in South Africa: From conceptualization to actualization. Journal of Urban Design, 26(5), 541–555. doi:10.1080/13574809.2021.1880885
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makakavhule, K., & Landman, K. (2020). Towards deliberative democracy through the democratic governance and design of public spaces in the South African capital city, Tshwane. URBAN DESIGN International, 25(3), 280–292. doi:10.1057/s41289-020-00131-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald, D. A. (2002). Introduction: What is environmental justice?. In: D.A. McDonald (Ed.), Environmental Justice in South Africa. Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press.
   Google Scholar
• Melcher, K. (2013). Equity, empowerment, or participation: Prioritizing goals in community design. Landscape Journal, 32(2), 167–182. doi:10.3368/lj.32.2.167
   Google Scholar
• Mels, T. (2016). The trouble with representation: landscape and environmental justice. Landscape Research, 41(4), 417–424. doi:10.1080/01426397.2016.1156071
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mels, T. (2021). Producing landscapes of environmental justice: Exploitation of woodlands and wetlands and deep historical geographies of justice on Gotland. Landscape Ecology, 38(12), 4093–4106. doi:10.1007/s10980-021-01284-w
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mphambukeli, T. (2020). Hailstorm and human excreta: Navigating the hazardous landscapes in low-income communities in Mangaung, South Africa. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 2, 2. doi:10.3389/frsc.2020.523891
   Google Scholar
• Newton, C. (2013). The peoples housing process … getting the quality in the quantity? Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 28(4), 639–651. doi:10.1007/s10901-013-9349-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nwangwu, G. (2016). The evolution of environmental justice and trends: From social activism to mainstream movement. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 6(6), 105–113. ISSN 2224-3216 (paper), ISSN 2225 – 0948 (Online).
   Google Scholar
• Ogu, V. I. (2000). Stakeholders’ partnership approach to infrastructure provision and management in developing world cities: Lessons from the Sustainable Ibadan project. Habitat International, 24(4), 517–533. doi:10.1016/S0197-3975(00)00015-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olwig, K. R. (2022). Landscape justice, place and quality of life in ‘archipelagic’ worlds. Landscape Research (Research), 47 (6), 717–722. doi:10.1080/01426397.2022.2047167
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasgaard, M., Breed, C. A., Brom, P., & Engemann, K. (in review). Literature connecting urban green infrastructure and environmental justice in South Africa leaves room for integrating social access, ecology, and design. Environmental Science and Policy.
   Google Scholar
• Republic of South Africa. (2013). Spatial planning and land use management act 16 of 2013, Available from: https://www.gov.za/documents/spatial-planning-and-land-use-management-act
   Google Scholar
• Saldaña, J. (2013). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Schäffler, A., & Swilling, M. (2013). Valuing green infrastructure in an urban environment under pressure – The Johannesburg case. Ecological Economics, 86, 246–257. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.05.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, D., & Oelofse, C. (2005). Social and environmental justice in South African cities: Including ‘invisible stakeholders’ in environmental assessment procedures. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 48(3), 445–467. doi:10.1080/09640560500067582
   Google Scholar
• Sebake, T. N., Breed, C. A., & Kruger, D. M. (2015). An assessment of the quality of shared outdoor spaces in three South African social housing complexes. Town and Regional Planning, 66, 1–14. ISSN 1012-280X. TRP Journal Indexing ESCI. JIF 0.5
   Google Scholar
• Shackleton, C. M., & Gwedla, N. (2021). The legacy effects of colonial and apartheid imprints on urban greening in South Africa: Spaces, species, and suitability. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 8(13), 1–12. doi:10.3389/fevo.2020.579813
   Google Scholar
• Soja, E. W. (2010). Seeking spatial justice. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• South African Council for the Landscape Architectural Profession (SACLAP). (2018). Member lists. Personal communications.
   Google Scholar
• Spirn, A. W. (2005). Restoring Mill Creek: Landscape literacy, environmental justice and city planning and design. Landscape Research, 30(3), 395–413. doi:10.1080/01426390500171193
   Google Scholar
• Stanley, A. (2009). Just space or spatial justice? Difference, discourse, and environmental justice. Local Environment, 14(10), 999–1014. doi:10.1080/13549830903277417
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StatsSA. (2018). Mid-year population estimates 2018 (Statistical Release P0302). https://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022018.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Sze, J., & London, J. K. (2008). Environmental justice at the crossroads. Sociology Compass, 2(4), 1331–1354. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9020.2008.00131.x
   Google Scholar
• Titz, A., & Chiotha, S. S. (2019). Pathways for sustainable and inclusive cities in Southern and Eastern Africa through Urban Green Infrastructure? Sustainability, 11(10), 2729. doi:10.3390/su11102729
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallhagen, M., & Magnusson, P. (2017). Ecological worldview among Urban Design Professionals. Sustainability (Sustainability), 9(4), 498. doi:10.3390/su9040498
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolch, J. R., Byrne, J., & Newell, J. P. (2014). Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities ‘just green enough. Landscape and Urban Planning, 125, 234–244. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Bank. (2022). Inequality in Southern Africa: An assessment of the Southern African Customs Union. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail
   Google Scholar
• Venter, Z. S., Shackleton, C. M., Van Staden, F., Selomane, O., & Masterson, V. A. (2020). Green Apartheid: Urban green infrastructure remains unequally distributed across income and race geographies in South Africa. Landscape and Urban Planning, 203, 103889. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103889
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, I. M. (1990). Justice and the politics of difference. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar