137
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Influence of diethyl ether on engine performance and emissions characteristics of blends of butanol, pentanol or biodiesel (neem oil methyl ester) in a single cylinder diesel engine

ORCID Icon, , , &
Pages 435-443 | Received 08 Aug 2018, Accepted 05 Oct 2018, Published online: 02 Nov 2018

References

  • Agarwal, A. K. 2007. “Biofuels (Alcohols and Biodiesel) Applications as Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines.” Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 33: 233–271. doi: 10.1016/j.pecs.2006.08.003
  • Al-lwayzy, S. H., and T. Yusaf. 2017. “Diesel Engine Performance and Exhaust gas Emissions Using Microalgae Chlorella Protothecoides Biodiesel.” Renewable Energy 101: 690–701. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2016.09.035
  • An, H., W. M. Yang, A. Maghbouli, J. Li, S. K. Chou, and K. J. Chua. 2013. “Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Biodiesel Derived from Waste Cooking Oils.” Applied Energy 112: 493–499. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.12.044
  • Anand, K., R. P. Sharma, and P. S. Mehta. 2011. “Experimental Investigations on Combustion, Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Neat Karanji Biodiesel and Its Methanol Blend in a Diesel Engine.” Biomass and Bioenergy 35: 533–541. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.10.005
  • Aransiola, E. F. 2012. “Production of Biodiesel from Crude Neem Oil Feedstock and Its Emissions from Internal Combustion Engines.” African Journal of Biotechnology 11 (22). doi:10.5897/ajb11.2301.
  • Atabani, A. E., A. S. Silitonga, I. A. Badruddin, T. M. I. Mahlia, H. H. Masjuki, and S. Mekhilef. 2012. “A Comprehensive Review on Biodiesel as an Alternative Energy Resource and its Characteristics.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 (4): 2070–2093. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.01.003
  • Atabani, A. E., A. S. Silitonga, H. C. Ong, T. M. I. Mahlia, H. H. Masjuki, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, and H. Fayaz. 2013. “Non-edible Vegetable Oils: A Critical Evaluation of oil Extraction, Fatty Acid Compositions, Biodiesel Production, Characteristics, Engine Performance and Emissions Production.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 18: 211–245. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.10.013
  • Atmanli, A. 2016. “Comparative Analyses of Diesel–Waste oil Biodiesel and Propanol, n-Butanol or 1-Pentanol Blends in a Diesel Engine.” Fuel 176: 209–215. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.02.076
  • Aydin, H., and H. Bayindir. 2010. “Performance and Emission Analysis of Cottonseed Oil Methyl Ester in a Diesel Engine.” Renewable Energy 35 (3): 588–592. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2009.08.009
  • Balaji, G., and M. Cheralathan. 2014. “Study of Antioxidant Effect on Oxidation Stability and Emissions in a Methyl Ester of Neem Oil Fuelled DI Diesel Engine.” Journal of the Energy Institute 87 (3): 188–195. doi: 10.1016/j.joei.2014.03.018
  • Banapurmath, N. R., P. G. Tewari, and R. S. Hosmath. 2008. “Performance and Emission Characteristics of a DI Compression Ignition Engine Operated on Honge, Jatropha and Sesame Oil Methyl Esters.” Renewable Energy 33 (9): 1982–1988. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2007.11.012
  • Barik, D., and S. Murugan. 2016. “Effects of Diethyl Ether (DEE) Injection on Combustion Performance and Emission Characteristics of Karanja Methyl Ester (KME)–Biogas Fueled Dual Fuel Diesel Engine.” Fuel 164: 286–296. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.09.094
  • Barrios, C. C., A. Domínguez-Sáez, C. Martín, and P. Álvarez. 2014. “Effects of Animal fat Based Biodiesel on a TDI Diesel Engine Performance, Combustion Characteristics and Particle Number and Size Distribution Emissions.” Fuel 117: 618–623. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.09.037
  • Behçet, R. 2011. “Performance and Emission Study of Waste Anchovy Fish Biodiesel in a Diesel Engine.” Fuel Processing Technology 92 (6): 1187–1194. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.01.012
  • Campos-Fernandez, J., J. M. Arnal, JM, Gomez, and M. P. Dorado. 2012. “A Comparison of Performance of Higher Alcohols/Diesel Fuel Blends in a Diesel Engine.” Applied Energy 95: 267–275. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.02.051
  • Canakci, M., and J. H. Van Gerpen. 2003. “Comparison of Engine Performance and Emissions for Petroleum Diesel Fuel, Yellow Grease Biodiesel, and Soybean Oil Biodiesel.” Transactions of the ASAE 46 (4): 937.
  • Chauhan, B. S., N. Kumar, H. M. Cho, and H. C. Lim. 2013. “A Study on the Performance and Emission of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Karanja Biodiesel and its Blends.” Energy 56: 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2013.03.083
  • Dhar, A., R. Kevin, and A. K. Agarwal. 2012. “Production of Biodiesel from High-FFA Neem Oil and its Performance, Emission and Combustion Characterization in a Single Cylinder DICI Engine.” Fuel Processing Technology 97: 118–129. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.01.012
  • Durairaj, R. B., A. Anderson, G. Mageshwaran, G. Britto Joseph, and M. Balamurali. 2017. “Performance and Emission Characteristics of Cotton Seed and Neem Oil Biodiesel with CeO2 Additives in a Single-cylinder Diesel Engine.” International Journal of Ambient Energy, 1–5. doi:10.1080/01430750.2017.1392352.
  • Fukuda, H., A. Kondo, and H. Noda. 2001. “Biodiesel Fuel Production by Transesterification of Oils.” Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 92 (5): 405–416. doi: 10.1016/S1389-1723(01)80288-7
  • Ganapathy, T., R. P. Gakkhar, and K. Murugesan. 2011. “Influence of Injection Timing on Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Jatropha Biodiesel Engine.” Applied Energy 88 (12): 4376–4386. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.05.016
  • Gürü, M., A. Koca, Ö Can, C. Çınar, and F. Şahin. 2010. “Biodiesel Production from Waste Chicken Fat Based Sources and Evaluation with Mg Based Additive in a Diesel Engine.” Renewable Energy 35 (3): 637–643. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2009.08.011
  • Haik, Y., M. Y. Selim, and T. Abdulrehman. 2011. “Combustion of Algae Oil Methyl Ester in an Indirect Injection Diesel Engine.” Energy 36 (3): 1827–1835. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.11.017
  • Hoekman, S. K., A. Broch, C. Robbins, E. Ceniceros, and M. Natarajan. 2012. “Review of Biodiesel Composition, Properties, and Specifications.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 (1): 143–169. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.143
  • Imtenan, S., H. H. Masjuki, M. Varman, I. M. R. Fattah, H. Sajjad, and M. I. Arbab. 2015. “Effect of n-Butanol and Diethyl Ether as Oxygenated Additives on Combustion–Emission-performance Characteristics of a Multiple Cylinder Diesel Engine Fuelled with Diesel–Jatropha Biodiesel Blend.” Energy Conversion and Management 94: 84–94. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2015.01.047
  • Jeevahan, J., S. Lakshmi-Sankar, P. Karthikeyan, V. Sriram, and G. Britto-Joseph. 2018. “Comparative Investigation of the Effects of Lower and Higher Alcohols/Bio-diesel Blends on Engine Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Diesel Engine.” International Journal of Ambient Energy, doi:10.1080/01430750.2018.1484809.
  • Jeevahan, J., G. Mageshwaran, G. B. Joseph, R. B. D. Raj, and R. T. Kannan. 2017. “Various Strategies for Reducing NOx Emissions of Biodiesel Fuel Used in Conventional Diesel Engines: A Review.” Chemical Engineering Communications 204 (10): 1202–1223. doi: 10.1080/00986445.2017.1353500
  • Jeevahan, J., G. Sriramanjaneyulu, R. B. Durairaj, and G. Mageshwaran. 2018. “Experimental Investigation of the Suitability of 1-Butanol Blended with Biodiesel as an Alternative Biofuel in Diesel Engines.” Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol. 15: 72–77.
  • Jin, C., M. Yao, H. Liu, C. F. Lee, and J. Jing. 2011. “Progress in the Production and Application of n-Butanol as a Biofuel.” Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 15: 4080–4106. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2011.06.001
  • Kannan, T. K., and R. Marappan. 2010. “Study of Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Using Thevetia peruviana Biodiesel with Diethyl Ether Blends.” Eur J Sci Res 43: 563–570.
  • Kaplan, C., R. Arslan, and A. Sürmen. 2006. “Performance Characteristics of Sunflower Methyl Esters as Biodiesel.” Energy Sources 28 (8): 751–755. doi: 10.1080/009083190523415
  • Karmakar, A., S. Karmakar, and S. Mukherjee. 2012. “Biodiesel Production from Neem Towards Feedstock Diversification: Indian Perspective.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 (1): 1050–1060. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2011.10.001
  • Kumar, K. D., and P. R. Kumar. 2012. “Experimental Investigation of Cotton Seed Oil and Neem Methyl Esters as Biodiesel on CI Engine.” International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) 2 (4): 1741–1746.
  • Kumar, B. R., S. Saravanan, D. Rana, V. Anish, and A. Nagendran. 2016. “Effect of a Sustainable Biofuel – n-Octanol – on the Combustion, Performance and Emissions of a DI Diesel Engine Under Naturally Aspirated and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Modes.” Energy Conversion and Management 118: 275–286. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.04.001
  • Kumar, A., and S. Sharma. 2011. “Potential Non-edible Oil Resources as Biodiesel Feedstock: An Indian Perspective.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15 (4): 1791–1800. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.020
  • Kunjan, M., J. Jeevahan, B. Joseph, G. Mageshwaran, D. R. Raj, and A. Poovannan. 2016. “Biodiesel Derived from Mango Seed Oil as an Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engines.” Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological and Chemical Sciences 7 (6): 2138–2144.
  • Lapuerta, M., J. M. Herreros, L. L. Lyons, R. García-Contreras, and Y. Briceño. 2008. “Effect of the Alcohol Type Used in the Production of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel on Diesel Performance and Emissions.” Fuel 87 (15–16): 3161–3169. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.05.013
  • Lapuerta, M., J. Rodríguez-Fernández, F. Oliva, and L. Canoira. 2008. “Biodiesel from Low-grade Animal Fats: Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions.” Energy & Fuels 23 (1): 121–129. doi: 10.1021/ef800481q
  • Liaquat, A. M., H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, I. R. Fattah, M. A. Hazrat, M. Varman, M. Mofijur, and M. Shahabuddin. 2013. “Effect of Coconut Biodiesel Blended Fuels on Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics.” Procedia Engineering 56: 583–590. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.03.163
  • Lin, L., Z. Cunshan, S. Vittayapadung, S. Xiangqian, and D. Mingdong. 2011. “Opportunities and Challenges for Biodiesel Fuel.” Applied Energy 88 (4): 1020–1031. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.09.029
  • Lin, C. Y., and R. J. Li. 2009. “Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics of Marine Fish-oil Biodiesel Produced from the Discarded Parts of Marine Fish.” Fuel Processing Technology 90 (7–8): 883–888. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.04.009
  • Liu, H., Z. Wang, J. Zhang, J. Wang, and S. Shuai. 2017. “Study on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers/Diesel Blends in Light-duty and Heavy-duty Diesel Engines.” Applied Energy 185: 1393–1402. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.183
  • Ma, F., and M. A. Hanna. 1999. “Biodiesel Production: A Review.” Bioresource Technology 70 (1): 1–15. doi: 10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00025-5
  • Makarevičienė, V., S. Lebedevas, P. Rapalis, M. Gumbyte, V. Skorupskaite, and J. Žaglinskis. 2014. “Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Fuel Containing Microalgae Oil Methyl Esters.” Fuel 120: 233–239. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.11.049
  • Meher, L. C., D. V. Sagar, and S. N. Naik. 2006. “Technical Aspects of Biodiesel Production by Transesterification – A Review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 10 (3): 248–268. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2004.09.002
  • Mofijur, M., M. G. Rasul, J. Hyde, A. K. Azad, R. Mamat, and M. M. K. Bhuiya. 2016. “Role of Biofuel and Their Binary (Diesel–Biodiesel) and Ternary (Ethanol–Biodiesel–Diesel) Blends on Internal Combustion Engines Emission Reduction.” Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 53: 265–278. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.08.046
  • Muthu, H., V. SathyaSelvabala, T. K. Varathachary, D. Kirupha Selvaraj, J. Nandagopal, and S. Subramanian. 2010. “Synthesis of Biodiesel from Neem Oil Using Sulfated Zirconia via Tranesterification.” Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 27 (4): 601–608. doi: 10.1590/S0104-66322010000400012
  • Öner, C., and Ş Altun. 2009. “Biodiesel Production from Inedible Animal Tallow and an Experimental Investigation of its Use as Alternative Fuel in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine.” Applied Energy 86 (10): 2114–2120. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.01.005
  • Patnaik, P. P., S. P. Jena, S. K. Acharya, and H. C. Das. 2018. “Effect of FeCl3 and Diethyl Ether as Additives on Compression Ignition Engine Emissions.” Sustainable Environment Research 28 (5): 247–255. doi: 10.1016/j.serj.2018.03.004
  • Phung, T. K., and G. Busca. 2015. “Diethyl Ether Cracking and Ethanol Dehydration: Acid Catalysis and Reaction Paths.” Chemical Engineering Journal 272: 92–101. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.03.008
  • Prabhu, L., S. S. Kumar, M. Prabhahar, and K. Rajan. 2013. “Combustion, Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine with Neem Oil Methyl Ester and its Diesel Blends.” American Journal of Applied Sciences 10 (8): 810–818. doi: 10.3844/ajassp.2013.810.818
  • Pugazhvadivu, M., and S. Rajagopan. 2009. “Investigations on a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel Blends and Diethyl Ether as an Additive.” Ind J Sci Technol 2: 31–5.
  • Qi, D. H., H. Chen, L. M. Geng, and Y. Z. Bian. 2011. “Effect of Diethyl Ether and Ethanol Additives on the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Biodiesel-diesel Blended Fuel Engine.” Renewable Energy 36 (4): 1252–1258. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2010.09.021
  • Ragit, S. S., S. K. Mohapatra, and K. Kundu. 2010. “Performance and Emission Evaluation of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Methyl Ester of Neem Oil and Filtered Neem Oil.”
  • Ragit, S. S., S. K. Mohapatra, K. Kundu, and P. Gill. 2011. “Optimization of Neem Methyl Ester from Transesterification Process and Fuel Characterization as a Diesel Substitute.” Biomass and Bioenergy 35 (3): 1138–1144. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.004
  • Raheman, H., and A. G. Phadatare. 2004. “Diesel Engine Emissions and Performance from Blends of Karanja Methyl Ester and Diesel.” Biomass and Bioenergy 27 (4): 393–397. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.03.002
  • Rajan, K., and K. R. Senthilkumar. 2009. “Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine with Sunflower Oil Methyl Ester.” JJMIE 3 (4): 306–311.
  • Rakopoulos, D. C. 2013. “Combustion and Emissions of Cottonseed Oil and its Bio-diesel in Blends with Either n-Butanol or Diethyl Ether in HSDI Diesel Engine.” Fuel 105: 603–613. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.08.023
  • Rakopoulos, D. C., C. D. Rakopoulos, E. G. Giakoumis, and A. M. Dimaratos. 2012. “Dimarato, Characteristics of Performance and Emissions in High-speed Direct Injection Diesel Engine Fueled with Diethyl Ether/Diesel Fuel Blends.” Energy 43: 214–224. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2012.04.039
  • Rakopoulos, D. C., C. D. Rakopoulos, E. G. Giakoumis, A. M. Dimaratos, and D. C. Kyritsis. 2010. “Effects of Butanol–Diesel Fuel Blends on the Performance and Emissions of a High-speed DI Diesel Engine.” Energy Convers. Manag 51: 1989–1997. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2010.02.032
  • Ramadhas, A. S., S. Jayaraj, and C. Muraleedharan. 2008. “Experimental Investigations on Diethyl Ether as Fuel Additive in Biodiesel Engine.” International Journal of Global Energy Issues 29 (3): 329–336. doi: 10.1504/IJGEI.2008.018013
  • Ramadhas, A. S., C. Muraleedharan, and S. Jayaraj. 2005. “Performance and Emission Evaluation of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Methyl Esters of Rubber Seed Oil.” Renewable Energy 30 (12): 1789–1800. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2005.01.009
  • Rao, B. V. V. P., N. H. Babu, and M. V. Ramana. 2014. “The Role of Oxygenated Fuel Additive (DEE) Along with Palm Methyl Ester and Diesel to Estimate Performance and Emission Analysis of DI-diesel Engine.” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology 3 (1): 1–9. doi: 10.15623/ijret.2014.0301001
  • Rao, T. V., G. P. Rao, and K. H. C. Reddy. 2008. “Experimental Investigation of Pongamia, Jatropha and Neem Methyl Esters as Biodiesel on CI Engine.” Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering 2 (2): 117–122.
  • Sanjid, A., H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, S. A. Rahman, M. J. Abedin, and S. M. Palash. 2013. “Impact of Palm, Mustard, Waste Cooking Oil and Calophyllum inophyllum Biofuels on Performance and Emission of CI Engine.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 27: 664–682. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.07.059
  • Shahir, S. A., H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, A. Imran, and A. M. Ashraful. 2015. “Performance and Emission Assessment of Diesel–Biodiesel–Ethanol/Bioethanol Blend as a Fuel in Diesel Engines: A Review.” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev 48: 62–78. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.03.049
  • Shrigiri, B. M., O. D. Hebbal, and K. H. Reddy. 2016. “Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of a Semi-adiabatic Diesel Engine Using Cotton Seed and Neem Kernel Oil Methyl Esters.” Alexandria Engineering Journal 55 (1): 699–706. doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2015.12.023
  • Sivalakshmi, S., and T. Balusamy. 2011. “Experimental Investigation on a Diesel Engine Using Neem Oil and its Methyl Ester.” Thermal Science 15 (4): 1193–1204. doi: 10.2298/TSCI100810054S
  • Sivalakshmi, S., and T. Balusamy. 2012. “Influence of Ethanol Addition on a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Neem Oil Methyl Ester.” International Journal of Green Energy 9 (3): 218–228. doi: 10.1080/15435075.2011.621477
  • Sivalakshmi, S., and T. Balusamy. 2013. “Effect of Biodiesel and its Blends with Diethyl Ether on the Combustion, Performance and Emissions from a Diesel Engine.” Fuel 106: 106–110. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.12.033
  • Sivalakshmi, S., and T. Balusamy. 2014. “The Performance, Combustion, and Emission Characteristics of Neem Oil Methyl Ester and its Diesel Blends in a Diesel Engine.” Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 36 (2): 142–149. doi: 10.1080/15567036.2011.582614
  • Sridhar, R., J. Jeevahan, and M. Chandrasekaran. 2018. “Effect of the Addition of 1-pentanol on Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel and Biodiesel Fuelled Single Cylinder Diesel Engine.” International Journal of Ambient Energy. doi:10.1080/01430750.2018.1443505.
  • Sriram, V., J. Jeevahan, and A. Poovannan. 2017. “Comparative Study of Performance of the DI Diesel Engine Using Custard Apple Biodiesel.” International Journal of Ambient Energy. doi:10.1080/01430750.2017.1360204.
  • Subbaiah, G. V., and K. Raja Gopal. 2011. “An Experimental Investigation on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Rice Bran Biodiesel and Ethanol Blends.” International Journal of Green Energy 8 (2): 197–208. doi: 10.1080/15435075.2010.548539
  • Subramanian, T., E. G. Varuvel, L. J. Martin, and N. Beddhannan. 2017. “Effect of Lower and Higher Alcohol Fuel Synergies in Biofuel Blends and Exhaust Treatment System on Emissions from CI Engine.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24 (32): 25103–25113. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-0214-9
  • Swaminathan, C., and J. Sarangan. 2012. “Performance and Exhaust Emission Characteristics of a CI Engine Fueled with Biodiesel (Fish Oil) with DEE as Additive.” Biomass and Bioenergy 39: 168–174. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.01.001
  • Tyagi, N., and A. Sharma. 2012. “Experimental Investigation of Neem Methyl Esters as Biodiesel on CI Engine.” Carbon NY 86: 78–92.
  • Van Gerpen, J. 2005. “Biodiesel Processing and Production.” Fuel Processing Technology 86 (10): 1097–1107. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2004.11.005
  • Varislia, D., T. Dogua, and G. Dogu. 2007. “Ethylene and Diethyl-ether Production by Dehydration Reaction of Ethanol Over Different Heteropolyacid Catalysts.” Chemical Engineering Science 62: 5349–5352. doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2007.01.017
  • Vedaraman, N., Sukumar Puhan, G. Nagarajan, and K. C. Velappan. 2011. “Preparation of Palm Oil Biodiesel and Effect of Various Additives on NOx Emission Reduction in B20: An Experimental Study.” International Journal of Green Energy 8 (3): 383–397. doi: 10.1080/15435075.2011.557847
  • Velmurugan, K., and A. P. Sathiyagnanam. 2016. “Impact of Antioxidants on NOx Emissions from a Mango Seed Biodiesel Powered DI Diesel Engine.” Alexandria Engineering Journal 55 (1): 715–722. doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2015.10.004
  • Venu, H., and V. Madhavan. 2017. “Influence of Diethyl Ether (DEE) Addition in Ethanol-biodiesel-diesel (EBD) and Methanol-biodiesel-diesel (MBD) Blends in a Diesel Engine.” Fuel 189: 377–390. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.101
  • Vijayaraj, K., and A. P. Sathiyagnanam. 2016. “Experimental Investigation of a Diesel Engine with Methyl Ester of Mango Seed Oil and Diesel Blends.” Alexandria Engineering Journal 55 (1): 215–221. doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2015.12.001
  • Weber, C., A. Farwick, F. Benisch, D. Brat, H. Dietz, T. Subtil, and E. Boles. 2010. “Trends and Challenges in the Microbial Production of Lignocellulosicbioalcohol Fuels.” Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol 87: 1303–1315. doi: 10.1007/s00253-010-2707-z
  • Wirawan, S. S., A. H. Tambunan, M. Djamin, and H. Nabetani. 2008. “The Effect of Palm Biodiesel Fuel on the Performance and Emission of the Automotive Diesel Engine.” Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal. Manuscript EE 07 005. Vol. X.
  • Yilmaz, N., and A. Atmanli. 2017. “Experimental Evaluation of a Diesel Engine Running on the Blends of Diesel and Pentanol as a Next Generation Higher Alcohol.” Fuel 210: 75–82. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.08.051
  • Yilmaz, N., F. M. Vigil, K. Benalil, S. M. Davis, and A. Calva. 2014. “Effect of Biodiesel–Butanol Fuel Blends on Emissions and Performance Characteristics of a Diesel Engine.” Fuel 135: 46–50. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.06.022

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.