162
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Modelling and sizing techniques to mitigate the impacts of wind fluctuations on power networks: a review

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 3600-3616 | Received 05 Jul 2020, Accepted 12 Oct 2020, Published online: 09 Nov 2020

References

  • Abuaisha, Tareq Saber. 2014. “General Study of the Control Principles and Dynamic Fault Behaviour of Variable-Speed Wind Turbine and Wind Farm Generic Models.” Renewable Energy 68: 245–254.
  • Akram, Umer, and Muhammad Khalid. 2017. “A Coordinated Frequency Regulation Framework Based on Hybrid Battery-Ultracapacitor Energy Storage Technologies.” IEEE Access 6: 7310–7320.
  • Akram, Umer, Muhammad Khalid, and Saifullah Shafiq. 2018. “An Improved Optimal Sizing Methodology for Future Autonomous Residential Smart Power Systems.” IEEE Access 6: 5986–6000. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2792451.
  • Akram, U., M. Khalid, and S. Shafiq. 2018. “Optimal Sizing of a Wind Solar Battery Hybrid Grid-Connected Microgrid System.” IET Renewable Power Generation 12 (1): 72–80.
  • AlMasri, H. M. K., A. A. Almehizia, and M. Ehsani. 2017. “Accurate Wind Turbine Annual Energy Computation by Advanced Modeling.” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 53 (3): 1761–1768.
  • Alturas, A. M., S. M. Gadoue, B. Zahawi, and M. A. Elgendy. March 2016. “On the Identifiability of Steady-State Induction Machine Models Using External Measurements.” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 31 (1): 251–259.
  • Amin, Mahmoud M. N., and O. A. Mohammed. 2010 . “Vector Oriented Control of Voltage Source PWM Inverter as a Dynamic VAR Compensator for Wind Energy Conversion System Connected to Utility Grid.” Twenty-Fifth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Palm Springs, CA, February 21–25, 1640–1650. IEEE.
  • Amrollahi, Mohammad Hossein, and Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Bathaee. 2017. “Techno-Economic Optimization of Hybrid Photovoltaic/Wind Generation Together with Energy Storage System in a Stand-Alone Micro-Grid Subjected to Demand Response.” Applied Energy 202: 66–77.
  • Aree, Pichai. 2017. “Precise Dynamic Initialisation of Fixed-Speed Wind Turbines Under Active-Stall and Active-Pitch Controls From Their Aerodynamic Power Coefficients Using Unified Newton Raphson Power-Flow Approach.” IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 12 (1): 9–19.
  • Aristidou, P., D. Fabozzi, and T. Van Cutsem. 2014. “Dynamic Simulation of Large-Scale Power Systems Using a Parallel Schur-Complement-Based Decomposition Method.” IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 25 (10): 2561–2570.
  • Arturo Soriano, Luis, Wen Yu, and Jose de Jesus Rubio. 2013. “Modeling and Control of Wind Turbine.” Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013: 982597. doi:10.1155/2013/982597.
  • Asmine, M., J. Brochu, J. Fortmann, R. Gagnon, Y. Kazachkov, C. E. Langlois, C. Larose, et al. 2010. “Model Validation for Wind Turbine Generator Models.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 26 (3): 1769–1782.
  • Asmine, Mohamed, and Charles-ric Langlois. 2016. “Field Measurements for the Assessment of Inertial Response for Wind Power Plants Based on Hydro-Qubec Transnergie Requirements.” IET Renewable Power Generation 10: 25–32.
  • Bae, S., and A. Kwasinski. 2012. “Dynamic Modeling and Operation Strategy for a Microgrid With Wind and Photovoltaic Resources.” IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 3 (4): 1867–1876.
  • Bakhtiari, Hamed, and Ramezan Ali Naghizadeh. 2018. “Multi-Criteria Optimal Sizing of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Including Wind, Photovoltaic, Battery, and Hydrogen Storage with Constraint Method.” IET Renewable Power Generation 12 (8): 883–892.
  • Barote, Luminita, Corneliu Marinescu, and Marcian N. Cirstea. 2012. “Control Structure for Single-Phase Stand-Alone Wind-Based Energy Sources.” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 60 (2): 764–772.
  • Barote, L., C. Marinescu, and M. N. Cirstea. 2013. “Control Structure for Single-Phase Stand-Alone Wind-Based Energy Sources.” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 60 (2): 764–772.
  • Barrado-Rodrigo, Jose Antonio, Juan Ignacio Talpone, and Luis Martinez-Salamero. 2017. “Variable-Speed Wind Energy Conversion System Based on a Dual Stator- Winding Induction Generator.” IET Renewable Power Generation 11 (1): 73–80.
  • Bertsekas, Dimitri P. 1997. “Nonlinear Programming.” Journal of the Operational Research Society 48 (3): 334–334.
  • Bhattacharjee, Ankur, Anirban Roy, Nipak Banerjee, Snehangshu Patra, and Hiranmay Saha. 2018. “Precision Dynamic Equivalent Circuit Model of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery and Determination of Circuit Parameters for its Optimal Performance in Renewable Energy Applications.” Journal of Power Sources 396: 506–518.
  • Blasko, V., and V. Kaura. 1997. “A New Mathematical Model and Control of a Three-Phase AC-DC Voltage Source Converter.” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 12 (1): 116–123.
  • Brekken, Ted K. A., Alex Yokochi, Annette Von Jouanne, Zuan Z. Yen, Hannes Max Hapke, and Douglas A. Halamay. 2010. “Optimal Energy Storage Sizing and Control for Wind Power Applications.” IEEE Transactions on SustainableEnergy 2 (1): 69–77.
  • Byrne, Raymond H, Tu A Nguyen, David A Copp, Babu R Chalamala, and Imre Gyuk. 2017. “Energy Management and Optimization Methods for Grid Energy Storage Systems.” IEEE Access 6: 13231–13260. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2741578.
  • Cao, Jun, Wenjuan Du, Haifeng Wang, and Malcolm McCulloch. 2018. “Optimal Sizing and Control Strategies for Hybrid Storage System as Limited by Grid Frequency Deviations.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 33 (5): 5486–5495.
  • Castro, R. M. G., and J. M. Ferreira de Jesus. 1996. “A Wind Park Reduced-Order Model Using Singular Perturbations Theory.” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conver- Sion 11 (4): 735–741.
  • Chang-Chien, Le-Ren, Chih-Che Sun, and Yu-Ju Yeh. 2014. “Modeling of Wind Farm Participation in AGC.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 29 (3): 1204–1211. doi:10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2291397.
  • Chen, Lei, Guocheng Li, Hongkun Chen, Yubo Tao, Xin Tian, Xin Liu, Ying Xu, Li Ren, and Yuejin Tang. 2019. “Combined Use of a Resistive SFCL and DC-link Regulation of a SMES for FRT Enhancement of a DFIG Wind Turbine Under Different Faults.” IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 29 (2): 1–8. doi:10.1109/TASC.2018.2881988.
  • Chen, Wuhui, Zaixing Teng, Junhua Zhao, and Jing Qiu. 2018. “Small-Signal Performance of Type 4 Wind TurbineGenerator-Based Clusters in Power Systems.” Energies 11 (6): 1486. doi:10.3390/en11061486.
  • Chen, Xia, Linfang Yan, Xin Zhou, and Haishun Sun. 2017. “A Novel DVR-ESS-Embedded Wind Energy Conversion System.” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 9 (3): 1265–1274.
  • Chen, Shuaixun, Tian Zhang, Hoay Beng Gooi, Ralph D. Masiello, and Warren Katzenstein. 2015. “Penetration Rate and Effectiveness Studies of Aggregated BESS for Frequency Regulation.” IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 7 (1): 167–177.
  • Chong, Lee Wai, Yee Wan Wong, Rajprasad Kumar Rajkumar, Rajpartiban Kumar Rajkumar, and Dino Isa. 2016. “Hybrid Energy Storage Systems and Control Strategies for Stand-Alone Renewable Energy Power Systems.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 66: 174–189. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.059.
  • Coughlan, Yvonne, Paul Smith, Alan Mullane, and Mark O’Malley. 2007. “Wind Turbine Modelling for Power System Stability Analysis A System Operator Perspective.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 22 (3): 929–936.
  • Das, Kaushik, Daniela Anca, and Poul Sorensen. 2016. “Understanding IEC Standard Wind Turbine Models Using Sim Power Systems.” Wind Engineering 40 (3): 212–227.
  • Datta, Rajib, and V. T. Ranganathan. 2013. “Rotor Side Control of Grid-Connected Wound Rotor Induction Machine.” Journal of the Indian Institute of Science 80 (5): 437.
  • Delille, Gauthier, Bruno Francois, and Gilles Malarange. 2012. “Dynamic Frequency Control Support by Energy Storage to Reduce the Impact of Wind and Solar Generation on Isolated Power Systems Inertia.” EEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 3 (4): 931–939.
  • Díaz-González, F., F. D. Bianchi, A. Sumper, and O. Gomis-Bellmunt. 2014. “Control of a Flywheel Energy Storage System for Power Smoothing in Wind Power Plants.” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 29 (1): 204–214. doi:10.1109/TEC.2013.2292495.
  • Du, W., Haifeng Wang, Liye Xiao, and R. Dunn. 2009. “Modeling Energy Storage Systems into Electric Power Transmission Systems.” 44th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), Glasgow, UK, Septembetr 1–4. IEEE.
  • Dunn, Bruce, Haresh Kamath, and Jean-Marie Tarascon. 2011. “Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices.” Science 334 (6058): 928–935.
  • Dupacova, Jitka, and Roger Wets. 1988. “Asymptotic Behavior of Statistical Estimators and of Optimal Solutions of Stochastic Optimization Problems.” The Annals of Statistics 16 (4): 1517–1549.
  • Ekanayake, J., and N. Jenkins. 2004. “Comparison of the Response of Doubly Fed and Fixed-Speed Induction Generator Wind Turbines to Changes in Network Frequency.” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 19 (4): 800–802.
  • Esmaili, Ali, Bora Novakovic, Adel Nasiri, and Omar Abdel-Baqi. 2013. “A Hybrid System of Li-Ion Capacitors and Flow Battery for Dynamic Wind Energy Support.” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 49 (4): 1649–1657.
  • Farias, R. C., E. P. T. Cari, I. Erlich, and F. Shewarega. 2018. “Online Parameter Estimation of a Transient Induction Generator Model Based on the Hybrid Method.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 33 (3): 1529–1538.
  • Farrokhabadi, Mostafa, Knig Sebastian, Claudio A. Ca izares, Kankar Bhattacharya, and Thomas Leibfried. 2017. “Battery Energy Storage System Models for Microgrid Stability Analysis and Dynamic Simulation.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 33 (2): 2301–2312.
  • Fateh, F., W. N. White, and D. Gruenbacher. 2015. “A Maximum Power Tracking Technique for Grid-Connected DFIG-Based Wind Turbines.” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 3 (4): 957–966.
  • Ferrari, Lorenzo, Alessandro Bianchini, Giacomo Galli, Giovanni Ferrara, and Ennio Antonio Carnevale. 2018. “Influence of Actual Component Characteristics on the Optimal Energy Mix of a Photovoltaic-Wind-Diesel Hybrid System for a Remote off-Grid Application.” Journal of Cleaner Production 178: 206–219.
  • Fetanat, Abdolvahhab, and Ehsan Khorasaninejad. 2015. “Size Optimization for Hybrid Photovoltaic Wind Energy System Using ant Colony Optimization for Continuous Domains Based Integer Programming.” Applied Soft Computing 31: 196–209.
  • Garcia, Raquel S., and Daniel Weisser. 2006. “A Wind–Diesel System with Hydrogen Storage: Joint Optimisation of Design and Dispatch.” Renewable Energy 31 (14): 2296–2320.
  • González, J. C., N. J. Castrilln, and S. Hincapi. 2018. “Applications and Validation of WECC Model for Type 4 Wind Generator Controller for the Colombian Power System.” IEEE PES Transmission Distribution Conference and Exhibition – Latin America (T&D-LA), Lima, Peru, September 18–21. IEEE.
  • Guo, Y., S. H. Hosseini, C. Y. Tang, J. N. Jiang, and R. G. Ramakumar. 2013. “An Approximate Wind Turbine Control System Model for Wind Farm Power Control.” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 4 (1): 262–274.
  • Haque, M. E., M. Negnevitsky, and K. M. Muttaqi. 2010. “A Novel Control Strategy for a Variable-Speed Wind Turbine With a Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator.” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 46 (1): 331–339.
  • Hirabayashi, Shun, Yasunori Tomita, and Shinichi Iwamoto. 2008. “Enhancement of Transient Stability ATC Using NAS Battery Systems.” IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, Chicago, IL, April 21–24. IEEE.
  • Hiraki, Yujiro, Takato Hiraiwa, and Shinichi Iwamoto. 2011. “Improvement of Transient Stability ATC by nas Battery System and H-infinity Control Theory.” IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Detroit, MI, July 24–28. IEEE.
  • Housseini, Boubacar, Aime Francis Okou, and Rachid Beguenane. 2018. “Robust Nonlinear Controller Design for On-Grid/Off-Grid Wind Energy Battery-Storage System.” IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 9 (6): 5588–5598. doi:10.1109/TSG.2017.2691707.
  • Hu, J., L. Sun, X. Yuan, S. Wang, and Y. Chi. 2017. “Modeling of Type 3 Wind Turbines With df/dt Inertia Control for System Frequency Response Study.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 32 (4): 2799–2809.
  • Kaloi, Ghulam Sarwar, Jie Wang, and Mazhar Hussain Baloch. 2016. “Dynamic Modeling and Control of DFIG for Wind Energy Conversion System Using Feedback Linearization.” Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology 11 (5): 1137–1146.
  • Kantar, Emre, and Ahmet M. Hava. 2016. “Optimal Design of Grid-Connected Voltage-Source Converters Considering Cost and Operating Factors.” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 63 (9): 5336–5347.
  • Kazachkov, Y. A., J. W. Feltes, and R. Zavadil. 2003. “Modeling Wind Farms for Power System Stability Studies.” IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37491), Toronto, ON, July 13–17. IEEE.
  • Ke, Shitang, Wenlin Yu, Tongguang Wang, and Yaojun Ge. 2019. “Aerodynamic Performance and Wind-Induced Effect of Large-Scale Wind Turbine System Under Yaw and Wind-Rain Combination Action.” Renewable Energy 136: 235–253.
  • Kennedy, Jason M., Brendan Fox, Tim Littler, and Damian Flynn. 2010. “Validation of Fixed Speed Induction Generator Models for Inertial Response Using Wind Farm Measurements.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 26 (3): 1454–1461.
  • Kim, J., E. Muljadi, V. Gevorgian, and A. F. Hoke. 2019. “Dynamic Capabilities of an Energy Storage-Embedded DFIGSystem.” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 55 (4): 4124–4134.
  • Koo, Boram, Dongcheul Lee, Jaeshin Yi, Chee Burm Shin, Dong Joo Kim, Eun Mi Choi, and Tae Hyuk Kang. 2019. Modeling the Performance of a Zinc/Bromine Flow Battery.” Energies 12 (6): 1159.
  • Krupke, C., J. Wang, J. Clarke, and X. Luo. March 2017. “Modeling and Experimental Study of a Wind Turbine System in Hybrid Connection With Compressed Air Energy Storage.” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 32 (1): 137–145.
  • Kundur, P., Neal J. Balu, and Mark G. Lauby. 1994. Power System Stability and Control. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Kunjumuhammed, C. L. P., B. C. Pal, C. Oates, and K. J. Dyke. 2017. “Small-Signal Performance of Type 4 Wind Turbine Generator-Based Clusters in Power Systems.” IEEETransactions on Sustainable Energy 8 (1): 23–32.
  • Le, Ha Thu, Surya Santoso, and Thang Quang Nguyen. 2011. “Augmenting Wind Power Penetration and Grid Voltage Stability Limits Using ESS: Application Design, Sizing, and a Case Study.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 27 (1): 161–171.
  • Lei, Ting, Mike Barnes, Sandy Smith, Sung-ho Hur, Adam Stock, and William E Leithead. 2015. “Using Improved Power Electronics Modeling and Turbine Control to Improve Wind Turbine Reliability.” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 30 (3): 1043–1051.
  • Li, Qing, Jing He, Shiyao Qin, and Xiaoning Shi. 2017. “Wind Turbine Model Validation Based on State Interval and Error Calculation.” The Journal of Engineering (3): 762–767.
  • Li, Wei, Luigi Vanfretti, and Yuwa Chompoobutrgool. 2012. “Development and Implementation of Hydro Turbine and Governor Models in a Free and Open Source Software Package.” Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 24: 84–102.
  • Liu, Yi, Wenjuan Du, Liye Xiao, Haifeng Wang, Siqi Bu, and Jun Cao. 2016. “Sizing a Hybrid Energy Storage System for Maintaining Power Balance of an Isolated System With High Penetration of Wind Generation.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 31 (4): 3267–3275. doi:10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2482983.
  • Liu, Jianxing, Yabin Gao, Sijia Geng, and Ligang Wu. 2016. “Nonlinear Control of Variable Speed Wind Turbines via Fuzzy Techniques.” IEEE Access 5: 27–34.
  • Liu, Jia, Yushi Miura, Hassan Bevrani, and Toshifumi Ise. 2017. “Enhanced Virtual Synchronous Generator Control for Parallel Inverters in Microgrids.” IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 8 (5): 2268–2277. doi:10.1109/TSG.2016.2521405.
  • Lorenzo Bonache, A., A. Honrubia-Escribano, F. JimEnez-Buenda, and E. Gmez-Lzaro. 2019. “Field Validation of Generic Type 4 Wind Turbine Models Based on IEC and WECC Guidelines.” IEEE Power Systems 34 (2): 933–941.
  • Ma, Jing, Weibo Zhang, Jing Liu, and James S. Thorp. 2017. “Research on Short Circuit Current Characteristics of Doubly-Fed Wind Power Generator Considering Converter Regulation.” Electric Power Components and Systems 45 (19): 2118–2130.
  • Ma, Jin, Dawei Zhao, Liangzhong Yao, Minhui Qian, Koji Yamashita, and Lingzhi Zhu. 2018. “Analysis on Application of a Current-Source Based DFIG Wind Generator Model.” CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 4 (3): 352–361.
  • Mandic, G., A. Nasiri, E. Ghotbi, and E. Muljadi. 2019. “Lithium-Ion Capacitor Energy Storage Integrated With Variable Speed Wind Turbines for Power Smoothing.” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 1 (4): 287–295.
  • Mendis, N., K. M. Muttaqi, and S. Perera. March 2014. “Management of Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage and Synchronous Condenser for Isolated Operation of PMSG Based Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Generating Systems.” IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 5 (2): 944–953.
  • Mercier, Pascal, Rachid Cherkaoui, and Alexandre Oudalov. 2009. “Optimizing a Battery Energy Storage System for Frequency Control Application in an Isolated Power System.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 24 (3): 1469–1477.
  • Mipoung, Olivare Dzune, Luiz A. C. Lopes, and Pragasen Pillay. 2014. “Frequency Support from a Fixed-Pitch Type-2 Wind Turbine in a Diesel Hybrid Mini-Grid.” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 5 (1): 110–118.
  • Misra, H., and A. K. Jain. 2018. “Mathematical Modeling and Control of Standalone DFIG-DC System in Rotor Flux Reference Frame.” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 65 (5): 3708–3719.
  • Moghaddam, Iman Naziri, Badrul H. Chowdhury, and Saeed Mohajeryami. 2017. “Predictive Operation and Optimal Sizing of Battery Energy Storage with High Wind Energy Penetration.” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 65 (8): 6686–6695.
  • Mohammed, A. A. 2013. “Performance of Control Dynamics of Wind Turbine Based on Doubly Fed Induction Generator Under Different Modes of Speed Operation.” International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2013: 125801. doi:10.1155/2013/125801.
  • Muljadi, E., S. Pasupulati, A. Ellis, and D. Kosterov. 2008. “Method of Equivalencing for a Large Wind Power Plant with Multiple Turbine Representation.” IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting – Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, Pittsburgh, PA, July 20–24. IEEE.
  • Mulolani, Francis, Ahmed Althobaiti, and Yasser Alamoudi. 2019. “Notch-Filter Active Damping of LCL Filter Resonance in a Grid-Connected Inverter with Variable Grid Inductance.” Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET), Dubai, United Arab Emirates, March 26–April 10. IEEE.
  • Nguyen-Hong, N., H. Nguyen-Duc, and Y. Nakanishi. 2018. “Optimal Sizing of Energy Storage Devices in Isolated Wind-Diesel Systems Considering Load Growth Uncertainty.” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 54 (3): 1983–1991.
  • Nguyen, Tu A., Mariesa L. Crow, and Andrew Curtis Elmore. 2015. “Optimal Sizing of a Vanadium Redox Battery System for Microgrid Systems.” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 6 (3): 729–737.
  • Nunes, M. V. A., J. A. P. Lopes, H. H. Zurnand U, H. Bezerra, and R. G. Almeida. 2004. “Influence of the Variable-Speed Wind Generators in Transient Stability Margin of the Conventional Generators Integrated in Electrical Grids.” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 19 (4): 692–701.
  • Ortega, Alvaro, and Federico Milano. 2015. “Generalized Model of VSC-Based Energy Storage Systems for Transient Stability Analysis.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 31 (5): 3369–3380.
  • Patsalides, Minas, George E. Georghiou, Andreas Stavrou, and Venizelos Efthymiou. 2013. “Thevenin Equivalent Circuit for the Study of High Photovoltaic Penetration in Distribution Grids.” IEEE PES ISGT Europe 2013, Lyngby, Denmark, October 6–9. IEEE.
  • Perez-arriaga, I. J., G. C. Verghese, and F. C. Schweppe. 1982. “Selective Modal Analysis with Applications to Electric Power Systems, PART I: Heuristic Introduction.” IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems 101 (9): 3117–3125.
  • Powell, Warren B., and Stephan Meisel. 2015. “Tutorial on Stochastic Optimization in Energy Part II: An Energy Storage Illustration.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 31 (2): 1468–1475.
  • Pradhan, C., and C. N. Bhende. 2017. “Frequency Sensitivity Analysis of Load Damping Coefficient in Wind Farm-Integrated Power System.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 32 (2): 1016–1029.
  • Prajapat, G. P., N. Senroy, and I. N. Kar. 2017. “Wind Turbine Structural Modeling Consideration for Dynamic Studies of DFIG Based System.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 8 (4): 1463–1472.
  • Ramli, Makbul AM, H. R. E. H. Bouchekara, and Abdulsalam S. Alghamdi. 2018. “Optimal Sizing of PV/Wind/Diesel Hybrid Microgrid System Using Multi-Objective Self-Adaptive Differential Evolution Algorithm.” Renewable Energy 121: 400–411.
  • Rampazzo, Mirco, Michele Luvisotto, Nicola Tomasone, Irene Fastelli, and Massimo Schiavetti. 2018. “Modelling and Simulation of a Li-ion Energy Storage System: Case Study from the Island of Ventotene in the Tyrrhenian Sea.” Journal of Energy Storage 15: 57–68.
  • Rubio, Jose de Jesus, Luis Arturo Soriano, and Wen Yu. 2014. “Dynamic Model of a Wind Turbine for the Electric Energy Generation.” Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014: 409268. doi:10.1155/2014/409268.
  • Rupasinghe, Akbo. 2014. “Simulation Based Methods to Determine Linear Equivalent Models of Power System Devices.” A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Canada 25 (10): 2561–2570.
  • Saleh, S. A., R. McSheffery, S. Buck, and R. Meng. 2017. “Power Controller for PMG-Based WECSs with Battery Storage Systems.” IEEE/IAS 53rd Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS), Niagara Falls, ON, May 6–11. IEEE.
  • Sanajaoba, Sarangthem, and Eugene Fernandez. 2016. “Maiden Application of Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Optimal Sizing of a Remote Hybrid Renewable Energy System.” Renewable Energy 96: 1 17.
  • San Martin, J. I., I. Zamora, J. J. San Martin, V. Aperribay, and P. Eguia. 2011. “Energy Storage Technologies for Electric Applications.” International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, April 13–15.
  • Santoso, Surya, JaimeRamos Min Lwin, Mohit Singh, Eduard Muljadi, and Jason Jonkman. 2014. “Designing and Integrating Wind Power Laboratory Experiments in Power and Energy Systems Courses.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 29 (4): 1944–1951.
  • Sevilla, Felix Rafael Segundo, Chan Park, Valerijs Knazkins, and Petr Korba. 2016. “Model Predictive Control of Energy Systems with Hybrid Storage.” IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM, Boston, MA, July 17–21. IEEE.
  • Shahbazi, Mahmoud, Philippe Poure, and Shahrokh Saadate. 2018. “Real-time Power Switch Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Operation in a DFIG-Based Wind Energy System.” Renewable Energy 116: 209–218.
  • Shariatpanah, H., R. Fadaeinedjad, and M. Rashidinejad. 2013. “A New Model for PMSG-Based Wind Turbine With Yaw Control.” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 28 (4): 929–937.
  • Shi, Zhichao, Rui Wang, and Tao Zhang. 2015. “Multi-objective Optimal Design of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Using Preference-Inspired Coevolutionary Approach.” SolarEnergy 118: 96–106.
  • Shibasaki, S., M. Touge, and S. Iwamoto. 2011. “Application of a NAS Battery System for Improving Frequency Control.” IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Detroit, MI, July 24–28. IEEE.
  • Sigrist, Lukas, Ignacio Egido, Enrique Lobato Migu lez, and Luis Rouco. 2014. “Sizing and Controller Setting of Ultracapacitors for Frequency Stability Enhancement of Small Isolated Power Systems.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 30 (4): 2130–2138.
  • Singh, Sarangthem Sanajaoba, and Eugene Fernandez. 2018. “Modeling, Size Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis of a Remote Hybrid Renewable Energy System.” Energy 143: 719–731.
  • Soliman, M. A., H. M. Hasanien, H. Z. Azazi, E. E. El-Kholy, and S. A. Mahmoud. 2019. “An Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control Strategy for Performance Enhancement of a Grid-Connected PMSG-Based Wind Turbine.” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 15 (6): 3163–3173.
  • Sudipta, Ghosh, and Kamalasadan Sukumar. 2016. “An Energy Function Based Optimal Control Strategy for Output Stabilization of Integrated DFIG Flywheel Energy Storage System.” IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 8 (4): 1922–1931.
  • Sufyan, M., N. A. Rahim, M. M. Aman, C. K. Tan, and S. R. S. Raihan. 2019. “Sizing and Applications of Battery Energy Storage Technologies in Smart Grid System: A Review.” Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 11 (1): 014105.
  • Sulaeman, Samer, Yuting Tian, Mohammed Benidris, and Joydeep Mitra. 2017. “Quantification of Storage Necessary to Firm up Wind Generation.” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 53 (4): 3228–3236.
  • Sun, Tiankui, Zhimin Li, Jian Lu, and Ning Lu. 2016. “A Preliminary Study on the Thevenin Equivalent Parameters of DFIG Wind Farms.” IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), Boston, MA, July 17–21. IEEE.
  • Surinkaew, T., and I. Ngamroo. 2014. “Coordinated Robust Control of DFIG Wind Turbine and PSS for Stabilization of Power Oscillations Considering System Uncertainties.” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 5 (3): 823–833.
  • Tang, W., J. Hu, Y. Chang, and F. Liu. 2018. “Modeling of DFIG-Based Wind Turbine for Power System Transient Response Analysis in Rotor Speed Control Timescale.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 33 (6): 6795–6805.
  • Tani, Abdallah, Mamadou Bailo Camara, and Brayima Dakyo. 2014. “Energy Management in the Decentralized Generation Systems Based on Renewable Energy Ultracapacitors and Battery to Compensate the Wind/Load Power Fluctuations.” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 51 (2): 1817–1827.
  • Thiringer, T., and J. Luomi. 2013. “Comparison of Reduced-Order Dynamic Models of Induction Machines.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 4 (1): 262–274.
  • Tian, Xinshou, Weisheng Wang, Yongning Chi, Yan Li, and Chao Liu. 2018. “Virtual Inertia Optimisation Control of DFIG and Assessment of Equivalent Inertia Time Constant of Power Grid.” IET Renewable Power Generation 12 (15): 1733–1740.
  • Tremblay, Olivier, and Louis A. Dessaint. 2009. “Experimental Validation of a Battery Dynamic Model for EV Applications.” World Electric Vehicle Journal 3 (2): 289–298.
  • Trudnowski, D. J., A. Gentile, J. M. Khan, and E. M. Petritz. 2004. “Fixed-speed Wind-Generator and Wind-Park Modeling for Transient Stability Studies.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 19 (4): 1911–1917.
  • Villena-Ruiz, Raquel, Francisco Jiménez-Buend´ıa, Andrés Honrubia-Escribano, Ángel Molina-Garćıa, and Emilio Gómez-Lázaro. 2019. “Compliance of a Generic Type 3 WT Model with the Spanish Grid Code.” Energies 12 (9): 1631.
  • Wang, Chia-Nan, Wen-Chang Lin, and Khoa Le. 2014. “Modelling of a PMSG Wind Turbine with Autonomous Control.” Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014: 856173. doi.10.1155/2014/856173.
  • Watanabe, Shogo, Satoshi Horiuchi, and Shinichi Iwamoto. 2008. “NAS Battery System Application for Frequency ATC Improvement.” IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting – Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, Pittsburgh, PA, July 20–24. IEEE.
  • Wen, Shuli, Hai Lan, Qiang Fu, C. Yu David, and Lijun Zhang. 2014. “Economi Allocation for Energy Storage System Considering Wind Power Distribution.” IEEE Transactions Onpower Systems 30 (2): 644–652.
  • Wilches-Bernal, F., J. H. Chow, and J. J. Sanchez-Gasca. 2016. “A Fundamental Study of Applying Wind Turbines for Power System Frequency Control.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 31 (2): 1496–1505.
  • Xu, X., M. Bishop, D. G. Oikarinen, and C. Hao. 2016. “Application and Modeling of Battery Energy Storage in Power Systems.” CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2 (3): 82–90.
  • Xu, H., J. Hu, and Y. He. 2012. “Integrated Modeling and Enhanced Control of DFIG Under Unbalanced and Distorted Grid Voltage.” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 27 (3): 725–736.
  • Xue, Feng, Xiao-Fang Song, Kang Chang, Tian-Ci Xu, Feng Wu, and Yu-Qing Jin. 2013. “Equivalent Modeling of DFIG Based Wind Farm Using Equivalent Maximum Power Curve.” IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Vancouver, BC, July 21–25. IEEE.
  • Ying, J., X. Yuan, J. Hu, and W. He. 2018. “Impact of Inertia Control of DFIG-Based WT on Electromechanical Oscillation Damping of SG.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 33 (3): 3450–3459.
  • Zekry, Abdalhalim, and Naggar H. Saad. 2019. “Enhancing the Optimization of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems by Using Statistical Calculations and Data Mining Analysis.” International Journal of Renewable Energy Research IJRER 9 (2): 868–886.
  • Zhang, Chen, Xu Cai, Atle Rygg, and Marta Molinas. 2020. “Modeling and Analysis of Grid-Synchronizing Stability of a Type-IV Wind Turbine Under Grid Faults.” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 117: 105544.
  • Zhang, Jian, Mingjian Cui, and Yigang He. 2020. “Robustness and Adaptability Analysis for Equivalent Model of Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind Farm Using Measured Data.” Applied Energy 261: 114362.
  • Zhang, Lei, Xiaosong Hu, Zhenpo Wang, Fengchun Sun, and David G. Dorrell. 2016. “Fractional-order Modeling and State-of-Charge Estimation for Ultracapacitors.” Journal of Power Sources 314: 28–34. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.01.066.
  • Zhang, Yingchen, Vahan Gevorgian, Caixia Wang, Xuejiao Lei, Ella Chou, Rui Yang, Qionghui Li, and Liping Jiang. 2017. “Grid-Level Application of Electrical Energy Storage: Example Use Cases in the United States and China.” IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 15 (5): 51–58. doi:10.1109/MPE.2017.2708860.
  • Zhang, Shengqi, Yateendra Mishra, and Mohammad Shahidehpour. 2016. “Fuzzy-Logic Based Frequency Controller for Wind Farms Augmented With Energy Storage Systems.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 31 (2): 1595–1603. doi:10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2432113.
  • Zhao, H., Q. Wu, I. Margaris, J. Bech, P. E. Srensen, and B. Andresen. 2014. “Implementation and Validation of IEC Generic Type 1A Wind Turbine Generator Model.” International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 25 (9): 1804–1813.
  • Zhu, Qianlong, Ming Ding, and Pingping Han. 2016. “Equivalent Modeling of DFIG-Based Wind Power Plant Considering Crowbar Protection.” Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016: 1–16.
  • Zong, Haoxiang, Jing Lyu, Xu Cai, Chen Zhang, Marta Molinas, and Fangquan Rao. 2019. “Accurate Aggregated Modelling of Wind Farm Systems in Modified Sequence Domain for Stability Analysis.” Electric Power Systems Research 175: 105928.
  • Zou, Changfu, Chris Manzie, Dragan Nešić, and Abhijit G. Kallapur. 2016. “Multi-Time-Scale Observer Design for State-of-Charge and State-of-Health of a Lithium-Ion Battery.” Journal of Power Sources 335: 121–130.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.