91
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Multi‐frequency scatterometer measurements on water surfaces agitated by artificial and natural rain

&
Pages 27-39 | Received 15 Jul 2004, Accepted 30 Jun 2005, Published online: 22 Feb 2007

References

  • Atlas , D. 1994 . Footprints of storm on the sea: a view from a spaceborne synthetic aperture radar. . Journal of Geophysical Research , 99 : 7961 – 7969 .
  • Bliven , L. F. , Branger , H. , Sobieski , P. and Giovanangeli , J.‐R. 1993 . An analysis of scatterometer returns from a water surface agitated by artificial rain: evidence that ring waves are the main feature. . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 14 : 2315 – 2329 .
  • Bliven , L. F. , Sobiesky , P. W. and Craeye , C. 1997 . Rain generated ring‐waves: measurements and modelling for remote sensing. . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 18 : 221 – 228 .
  • Braun , N. 2003 . “ Untersuchungen zur Radar‐Rückstreuung und Wellendämpfung beregneter Wasseroberflächen. ” . Dissertation, Shaker Verlag, Aachen, Germany
  • Braun , N. , Gade , M. and Lange , P. A. 2002 . The effect of artificial rain on wave spectra and multi‐polarization X band radar backscatter. . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 23 : 4305 – 4323 .
  • Craeye , C. 1998 . “ Radar signature of the sea surface perturbed by rain, PhD thesis, Université Catholique de Louvain, France ” .
  • Contreras , R. F. , Plant , W. J. , Keller , W. C. , Hayes , K. and Nystuen , J. 2003 . “ Effects of rain on Ku‐band backscatter from the ocean. ” . In Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 108 , 3165 DOI 10.1029/2001JC001255
  • Fu , L. and Holt , B. 1982 . Seasat views of the oceans and sea ice with synthetic aperture radar. JPL Publication 81–120, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California . : 106 – 107 .
  • Hansen , J. P. 1986 . Rain backscatter tests dispel old theories. . Microwaves & RF Journal , 6 : 97 – 102 .
  • Houk , D. and Green , T. 1976 . A note on surface waves due to rain. . Journal of Geophysical Research , 81 : 4482 – 4484 .
  • Hühnerfuß , H. , Lange , P. A. , Teichert , J. and Vollmers , H. 1976 . A wind wave tunnel for the investigation of artificial slick wave damping and drift. . Meerestechnik (Marine Technology) , 7 : 23 – 26 .
  • Katsaros , K. , Vachon , P. W. , Black , P. G. , Dodge , P. P. and Uhlhorn , E. W. 2000 . Wind fields from SAR: Could they improve our understanding of storm dynamics? . Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest , 21 : 86 – 93 .
  • Lemaire , D. , Bliven , L. F. , Craeye , C. and Sobieski , P. 2002 . Drop size effects on rain‐generated ring‐waves with a view to remote sensing applications. . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 23 : 2345 – 2357 .
  • Marshall , J. S. and Palmer , W. M. K. 1948 . The distribution of raindrops with size. . Journal of Meteorology , 5 : 165 – 166 .
  • Melsheimer , C. , Alpers , W. and Gade , M. 1998 . Investigation of multi‐frequency/multi‐polarization radar signatures of rain cells using SIR‐C/X‐SAR data. . Journal of Geophysical Research , 103 : 18867 – 18884 .
  • Melsheimer , C. , Alpers , W. and Gade , M. 2001 . Simultaneous observations of rain cells over the ocean by the synthetic aperture radar aboard the ERS satellites and by surface‐based weather radars. . Journal of Geophysical Research , 106 : 4665 – 4678 .
  • Plant , W. J. , Keller , W. C. , Hayes , K. and Nystuen , J. 2003 . “ Rainfall and river currents retrieved from microwave backscatter. ” . In Proceedings of the IEEE International Geophysical Remote Sensing Symposium Toulouse, France
  • Romeiser , R. , Alpers , W. and Wismann , V. 1997 . An improved composite surface model for the radar backscattering cross section of the ocean surface 1. Theory of the model and optimization/validaton by scatterometer data. . Journal of Geophysical Research , 102 : 25237 – 25250 .
  • Wetzel , L. B. 1990 . On the theory of electromagnetic scattering from a raindrop splash. . Radio Science , 25 : 1183 – 1197 .
  • Willis , P. T. and Tattelman , P. 1989 . Drop‐size distributions associated with intense rainfall. . Journal of Applied Meteorology , 28 : 3 – 15 .
  • Wismann , V. 1994 . “ The 5‐frequency multi‐polarization scatterometer HELISCAT of the University of Hamburg for operation on a small helicopter. Technical Report, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany ” .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.