171
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Monitoring the success of implementation of the Montreal Protocol in India with satellite measurements

&
Pages 3927-3941 | Published online: 29 Jul 2009

References

  • Bischof , W. , Borchers , R. , Fabian , P. and Krüger , B. C. 1985 . Increased concentration and vertical distribution of carbon dioxide in the stratosphere . Nature , 316 : 708 – 710 .
  • Bowman , K. P. 1989 . Global patterns of the quasi-biennial oscillation in total ozone . Journal of Atmospheric Sciences , 46 : 3328 – 3343 .
  • Brasseur , G. and Granier , C. 1992 . Mount Pinatubo aerosols, chlorofluorocarbons, and ozone depletion . Science , 257 : 1239 – 1242 .
  • Chandra , S. and McPeters , R. D. 1994 . The solar cycle variation of ozone in the stratosphere inferred from Nimbus-7 and NOAA-11 satellites . Journal of Geophysical Research , 99 : 20665 – 20671 .
  • Chandra , S. , Varotsos , C. and Flynn , L. E. 1996 . The mid-latitude total ozone trends in the Northern Hemisphere . Geophysical Research Letters , 23 : 555 – 558 .
  • Christie , A. D. 1976 . Atmospheric ozone depletion by nuclear weapons testing . Journal of Geophysical Research , 81 : 2583 – 2594 .
  • Dobson , G. M.B. and Harrison , D. N. 1926 . Measurements of the amount of ozone in the earth's atmosphere and its relation to other geophysical conditions: Part I . Proceedings of Royal Society of London , A110 : 660 – 693 .
  • Efstathiou , M. N. , Varotsos , C. A. , Singh , R. P. , Cracknell , A. P. and Tzanis , C. 2003 . On the longitude dependence of total ozone trends over middle-latitudes . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 24 : 1361 – 1367 .
  • Elkins , J. W. , Thompson , T. M. , Swanson , T. H. , Butler , J. H. , Hall , B. D. , Cummings , S. O. , Fisher , A. and Raffo , A. G. 1993 . Decrease in growth rates of atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12 . Nature , 364 : 780
  • Farman , J. C. , Gardiner , B. G. and Shanklin , J. D. 1985 . Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveals seasonal CLOX/NOX interactions . Nature , 315 : 207 – 210 .
  • Ganguly , N. D. 2008 . Low level of stratospheric ozone near the Jharia coal field in India . Journal of Earth System Sciences , 117 : 79 – 82 .
  • Ganguly , N. D. 2009 . Variation in atmospheric ozone concentration following strong earthquakes . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 30 : 349 – 356 .
  • Ganguly , N. D. and Iyer , K. N. 2006a . Long term trend in ozone and erythemal UV at Indian latitudes . Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry , 55 : 227 – 239 .
  • Ganguly , N. D. and Iyer , K. N. 2006b . Effect of El Niño Southern Oscillation on the ozone concentration of Indian cities . Indian Journal of Physics , 80 : 229 – 234 .
  • Ganguly , N. D. and Iyer , K. N. 2006c . Impacts of the 20th January 2005 solar proton event on the ozone concentration of Indian cities . Indian Journal of Physics , 80 : 325 – 329 .
  • Gleason , J. F. , Bhartia , P. K. , Herman , J. R. , McPeters , R. , Newman , P. , Stolarski , R. S. , Flynn , L. , Labow , G. , Larko , D. , Seftor , C. , Wellemeyer , C. , Komhyr , W. D. , Miller , A. J. and Planet , W. 2002 . Record low global ozone in 1992 . Journal of Geophysical Research , 107 : 4594
  • Grenfell , J. L. , Lehmann , R. , Mieth , P. , Langematz , U. and Steil , B. 2006 . Chemical reaction pathways affecting stratospheric and mesospheric ozone . Journal of Geophysical Research , 111 ARTN JD005713
  • Harnish , J. , Borchers , R. , Fabian , P. and Maiss , M. 1996 . Tropospheric trends for CF4 and C2F6 since 1989 derived from SF6 dated stratospheric air . Geophysical Research Letters , 23 : 1099 – 1102 .
  • Holllandsworth , S. M. , Bowman , K. P. and McPeters , R. D. 1995 . Observational study of the quasi-biennial oscillation in ozone . Journal of Geophysical Research , 100 : 7347 – 7361 .
  • Jackman , C. H. , Fleming , E. L. , Vitt , F. M. and Considine , D. B. 1999 . The influence of solar proton events on the ozone layer . Advances in Space Research , 24 : 625 – 630 .
  • Jackman , C. H. , Deland , M. T. , Labow , G. J. , Fleming , E. L. , Weisenstein , D. K. , Malcolm , K. W. KO. , Sinnhuber , M. and Russell , J. M. 2005 . Neutral atmospheric influences of the solar proton events in October–November 2003 . Journal of Geophysical Research , 110 ARTN A09S27
  • Kondratyev , K. Y and Varotsos , C. 2002 . Remote sensing and global tropospheric ozone observed dynamics . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 23 : 159 – 178 .
  • Y , Kondratyev, K. , Varotsos , C. A. and Cracknell , A. P. 1994 . Total ozone amount trend at St. Petersburg as deduced from Nimbus-7 TOMS observations . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 15 : 2669 – 2677 .
  • Kondratyev , K. Y. , Pokrovsky , O. M. and Varotsos , C. A. 1995 . Atmospheric ozone trends and other factors of surface ultraviolet radiation variability . Environmental Conservation , 22 : 259 – 261 .
  • Lait , L. R. , Schoeberl , M. R. and Newman , P. A. 1989 . Quasi-biennial modulation of the Antarctic ozone depletion . Journal of Geophysical Research , 94 : 11559 – 11571 .
  • Lean , J. L. , Rottman , G. J. , Kyle , H. L. , Woods , T. N. , Hickey , J. R. and Puga , L. C. 1997 . Detection and parameterization of variations in solar mid- and near-ultraviolet radiation (200–400 nm) . Journal of Geophysical Research , 102 : 29939 – 29956 .
  • Mandal , T. K. , Beig , G. and Mitra , A. P. Dec 2004 . “ Ozone and UV scenario over India ” . In Scientific Report Number 22, Center on Global change , Dec , New Delhi : NPL .
  • Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) Ozone Cell, Control targets of Montreal Protocol achieved. Ozone Layer Protection: Sep–Oct 2007 ODS Phase-out in India. (India: MOEF Ozone Cell). http://www.ozonecell.com/index.jsp
  • Molina , M. J. and Rowland , F. S. 1974 . Stratospheric sinks for chlorofluromethanes . Nature , 249 : 810
  • Montzka , S. A. , Butler , J. H. , Myers , R. C. , Thompson , T. M. , Swanson , T. H. , Clarke , A. D. , Lock , L. T. and Elkins , J. W. 1996 . Decline in the tropospheric abundance of halogen from halocarbons: implications for stratospheric ozone depletion . Science , 272 : 1318
  • NASA newsletter, 18 November 2004, http://www.ccpo.odu.edu/SEES/index.html
  • Reid , S. J. , Rex , M. , von den Gathen , P. , Floisand , I. , Stordal , F. , Carver , G. D. , Beck , A. , Reimer , E. , Kruger-Carstensen , R. , de Haan , L. L. , Braathen , G. , Dorokhov , V. , Fast , H. , Kyrï , E. , Gil , M. , Litynska , Z. , Molyneux , M. , Murphy , G. , O'Connor , F , Ravengani , F. , Varotsos , C. , Wenger , J. and Zerefos , C. 1998 . A study of ozone laminae using diabatic trajectories, contour advection and photochemical trajectory model simulations . Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry , 30 : 187 – 207 .
  • Ruderman , M. A. and Chamberlain , J. W. 1975 . Origin of the Sunspot modulation of ozone, its implications for Stratospheric NO injection . Planet Space Science , 23 : 247
  • Sahoo , A. , Sarkar , S. , Singh , R. P. , Kafatos , M. and Summers , M. E. 2005 . Declining trend of total ozone column over the northern parts of India . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 26 : 3433 – 3440 .
  • Schmidt , U. and Khedim , A. 1991 . In situ measurements of carbon dioxide in the winter arctic vortex and at mid latitudes: An indicator of the ‘age’ of stratospheric air . Geophysical Research Letters , 18 : 763 – 766 .
  • Shiotani , M. 1992 . Annual quasi-biennial and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) time-scale variations in equatorial ozone . Journal of Geophysical Research , 97 : 7625 – 7633 .
  • Singh , R. P. , Sarkar , S. and Singh , A. 2002 . Effect of EL Nino on inter annual variability of ozone during the period 1978–2000 over the Indian subcontinent and China . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 23 : 2449 – 2456 .
  • Singh , R. P. , Cervone , G. , Singh , V. P. and Kafatos , M. 2007 . Generic precursors to coastal earthquakes: Inferences from Denali fault earthquake . Tectonophysics , 431 : 231 – 240 .
  • Stolarski, R., 2000, Studying Earth's Environment from Space. The Stratospheric Ozone Textbook , Chapter 8. http://www.ccpo.odu.edu/SEES/index.html
  • Tertyshinikov , A. V. 1996 . The variations of ozone content in the atmosphere above strong earthquake epicenter . Physics of the Solid Earth , 31 : 789 – 794 .
  • Tremmel , H. G. , Schlager , H. , Konopka , P. , Schulte , P. , Arnold , F. , Klemm , M. and Droste-Franke , B. 1998 . observations and model calculations of jet aircraft exhaust products at cruise altitude and inferred initial OH emissions . Journal of Geophysical Research , 103 : 10803 – 10816 .
  • United Nations Environment Programme, Ozone Secretariat, http://ozone.unep.org/Ratification_status/
  • United Nations Environment Programme Division of Technology, Industry and Economics Ozone Action Programme, http://www.unep.fr/ozonaction/information/trends
  • Varotsos , C. 1994 . Solar ultraviolet radiation and total ozone, as derived from satellite and ground-based instrumentation . Geophysical Research Letters , 21 : 1787 – 1790 .
  • Varotsos , C. 2002 . The southern hemisphere ozone hole split in 2002 . Environmental Science and Pollution Research , 9 : 375 – 376 .
  • Varotsos , C. 2003 . What is the lesson from the unprecedented event over Antarctica in 2002 . Environmental Science and Pollution Research , 10 : 80 – 81 .
  • Varotsos , C. 2004a . Atmospheric pollution and remote sensing: implications for the southern hemisphere ozone hole split in 2002 and the northern mid-latitude ozone trend . Monitoring of Changes Related to Natural and Manmade Hazards using Space Technology, Advances in Space Research , 33 : 249 – 253 .
  • Varotsos , C. 2004b . The extraordinary events of the major, sudden stratospheric warming, the diminutive Antarctic ozone hole, and its split in 2002 . Environmental Science and Pollution Research , 11 : 405 – 411 .
  • Varotsos , C. 2005a . Airborne measurements of aerosol, ozone, and solar ultraviolet irradiance in the troposphere . Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere , 110 ( D9 ) D09202
  • Varotsos , C. 2005b . Power-law correlations in column ozone over Antarctica . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 26 : 3333 – 3342 .
  • Varotsos , C. 2005c . Modern computational techniques for environmental data. Application to the global ozone layer . Computational Science – ICCS 2005, PT 3 , 3516 : 504 – 510 .
  • Varotsos , C. A. and Cracknell , A. P. 1994 . Three years of total ozone measurements over Athens obtained using the remote sensing technique of a Dobson spectrophotometer . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 15 : 1519 – 1524 .
  • Varotsos , C. A. and Cracknell , A. P. 2004 . New features observed in the 11-year solar cycle . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 25 : 2141 – 2157 .
  • Varotsos , C. and Kirk-Davidoff , D. 2006 . Long-memory processes in ozone and temperature variations at the region 60°S–60°N . Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , 6 : 4093 – 4100 .
  • Varotsos , C. A. , Efstathiou , M. N. and Kondratyev , K. Y. 2003 . Long-term variation in surface ozone and its precursors in Athens, Greece. A forecasting tool . Environmental Science and Pollution Research , 10 : 19 – 23 .
  • Varotsos , C. A. , Ondov , J. M. , Cracknell , A. P. , Efstathiou , M. N. and Assimakopoulos , M. N. 2006 . Long-range persistence in global Aerosol Index dynamics . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 27 : 3593 – 3603 .
  • Varotsos , C. , Assimakopoulos , M. N. and Efstathiou , M. 2007 . Technical note: Long-term memory effect in the atmospheric CO2 concentration at Mauna Loa . Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , 7 : 629 – 634 .
  • Varotsos , P. 1981 . Determination of the composition of the maximum conductivity or diffusivity in mixed alkali halides . Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids , 42 : 405 – 407 .
  • Varotsos , P. A. , Sarlis , N. V. , Skordas , E. S. and Lazaridou , M. S. 2004 . Entropy in the natural time domain . Physical Review , E70 : 11106
  • Verronen , P. T. , Rodger , C. J. , Clilverd , M. A. , Pickett , H. M. and Turunen , E. 2007 . Latitudinal extent of the January 2005 solar proton event in the Northern Hemisphere from satellite observations of hydroxyl . Annales Geophysica , 25 : 2203 – 2215 .
  • Wang , W. C. and Isaksen , I. S.A. 1995 . Atmospheric ozone as a climate gas . General Circulation Model Simulations, Series I , 32 : 73
  • Weatherhead , E. C. and Andersen , S. B. 2006 . The search for signs of recovery of the ozone layer . Nature , 441 : 39 – 45 .
  • World Meteorological Organization . 1989 . Scientific assessment of stratospheric ozone. WMO Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project , Geneva : Report Number 20 .
  • World Meteorological Organization . 1994 . Scientific assessment of ozone depletion. WMO Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project , Geneva : Report No. 37 .
  • Zhou , S. , Rottman , G. J. and Miller , A. J. 1997 . Stratospheric ozone response to short- and intermediate-term variations of solar UV flux . Journal of Geophysical Research , 102 : 9003 – 9011 .
  • Ziemke , J. R. , Chandra , S. , Herman , J. and Varotsos , C. 2000 . Erythemally weighted UV trends over northern latitudes derived from Nimbus-7 TOMS measurements . Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres , 105 : 7373 – 7382 .
  • Ziemke , J. R. , Chandra , S. and Bhartia , P. K. 2005 . A 25-year data record of atmospheric ozone in the Pacific from TOMS cloud slicing: implications for ozone trends in the stratosphere and troposphere . Journal of Geophysical Research , 110 ARTN D15105

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.