Variability of solar UV-B irradiance: in situ monitoring and model calculation of the vitamin D synthetic capacity of sunlight

References

• Abillon , E. and Mermet-Bouvier , R. 1973 . Effect of wavelength on production of previtamin D2 . Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 62 : 1688 – 1691 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bolsĕe , D. , Webb , A.R. , Gillotay , D. , Dörschel , B. , Knuschke , P. , Krins , A. and Terenetskaya , I. 2000 . Laboratory facilities and recommendations for the characterization of biological ultraviolet dosimeters . Applied Optics , 39 : 2813 – 2822 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouillon , R. , Eisman , J. , Garabedian , M. , Holick , M. , Kleinschmidt , J. , Suda , T. , Terenetskaya , I. and Webb , A. 2006 . Action spectrum for the production of previtamin D3 in human skin . CIE Journal , 174 : 1 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Braun , M. , Fuss , W. and Kompa , K.L. 1991 . Improved photosynthesis of previtamin D by wavelength of 280–300 nm . Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry , 61 : 15 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Chandra , S. and Varotsos , C.A. 1995 . Recent trends of the total column ozone – implications for the Mediterranean region . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 16 : 1765 – 1769 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cracknell , A.P. and Varotsos , C.A. 2007 . The IPCC fourth assessment report and the fiftieth anniversary of Sputnik . Environmental Science and Pollution Research , 14 : 384 – 387 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dauben , W.G. and Phillips , R.B. 1982 . Effect of wavelength on the photochemistry of provitamin D . Journal of American Chemical Society , 104 : 5780 – 5781 .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , A. , Deane , G.H.W. and Diffey , B.L. 1976 . Possible dosimeter for UV radiation . Nature , 261 : 169 – 170 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efstathiou , M. , Varotsos , C. and Kondratyev , K.Y. 1998 . An estimation of the surface solar ultraviolet irradiance during an extreme total ozone minimum . Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics , 68 : 171 – 176 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engelsen , O. and Kylling , A. 2005 . Fast simulation tool for ultraviolet radiation at the Earth's surface . Optical Engineering , 44 : 041012.1 – 041012.7 .
   Google Scholar
• Fioletov , V.E. , McArthur , L.J.B. , Mathews , T.W. and Marrett , L. 2009 . On the relationship between erythemal and vitamin D action spectrum weighted ultraviolet radiation . Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology , 95 : 9 – 16 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Galkin , O.N. and Terenetskaya , I.P. 1999 . ‘Vitamin D’ biodosimeter: basic characteristics and potential applications . Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology , 53 : 12 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant , W.B. 2006 . Epidemiology of disease risks in relation to vitamin D insufficiency . Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology , 92 : 65 – 79 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havinga , E. 1973 . Vitamin D, example and challenge . Experientia , 29 : 1181 – 1193 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holick , M.F. 2004a . Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease and osteoporosis . American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 79 : 362 – 371 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holick , M.F. 2004b . The Vitamin D Advantage , New York : iBooks .
   Google Scholar
• Holick , M.F. 2004c . Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease . American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 80 : 1678S – 1688S .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs , H.J.C. and Havinga , E. 1979 . “ Photochemistry of vitamin D and its isomers and of simple trienes ” . In Advances in Photochemistry , Edited by: Pitts , J.N. , Hammond , J.S. and Gollnick , K. Vol. 11 , 305 – 373 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Kazadzis , S. , Bais , A. , Balis , D. , Kouremeti , N. , Zempila , M. , Arola , A. , Giannakaki , E. , Amiridis , V. and Kazantzidis , A. 2009 . Spatial and temporal UV irradiance and aerosol variability within the area of an OMI satellite pixel . Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , 9 : 4593 – 4601 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazantzidis , A. , Bais , A.F. , Balis , D.S. , Kosmidis , E. and Zerefos , C.S. 2005 . Sensitivity of solar UV radiation to ozone and temperature profiles at Thessaloniki (40.51N, 231E), Greece . Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics , 67 : 1321 – 1330 .
   Google Scholar
• Kondratyev , K.Y. and Varotsos , C.A. 1996 . Global total ozone dynamics – impact on surface solar ultraviolet radiation variability and ecosystems. 1. Global ozone dynamics and environmental safety . Environmental Science and Pollution Research , 3 : 153 – 157 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maclaughlin , J.A. , Anderson , R.R. and Holick , M.F. 1982 . Spectral character of sunlight modulates photosynthesis of previtamin D3 and its photoisomers in human skin . Science , 216 : 1001 – 1003 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malatesta , V. , Willis , C. and Hackett , P.A. 1981 . Laser рhotochemical рroduction of Vitamin D . Journal of American Chemical Society , 103 : 6781 – 6783 .
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , A.C. and Norman , A.W. 1991 . “ Vitamin D ” . In Encyclopedia of Human Biology , Vol. 7 , 859 – 871 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mckenzie , R.L. , Liley , J.B. and Björn , L.O. 2009 . UV radiation: balancing risks and benefits . Photochemistry and Photobiology , 85 : 88 – 98 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mckinlay , A.F. and Diffey , B.I. 1987 . A reference action spectrum for ultraviolet induced erythema in human skin . CIE Journal , 6 : 17 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Meena , G.S. , Bhosale , C.S. and Jadhav , D.B. 2004 . Influence of tropospheric clouds on ground-based measurements of stratospheric trace gases at Tropical station, Pune . Atmospheric Environment , 38 : 3459 – 3468 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meleti , C. , Bais , A.F. , Kazadzis , S. , Kouremeti , N. , Garane , K. and Zerefos , C. 2009 . Factors affecting solar ultraviolet irradiance measured since 1990 at Thessaloniki, Greece . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 30 : 4167 – 4179 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moan , J. , Porojnicu , A.C. , Dahlback , A. and Setlow , R.B. 2006 . Addressing the health benefits and risks, involving vitamin D or skin cancer, of increased sun exposure . Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences USA , 105 : 668 – 673 .
   Google Scholar
• Orlova , T.N. and Terenetskaya , I.P. Useful algorithm for calculations the vitamin D synthetic capacity of sunlight, 2008 . Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Biometeorology . September 22–26 2008 , Tokyo, Japan. Eco-P06 ICB-2008, Ecosystem
   Google Scholar
• Orlova , T.N. and Terenetskaya , I.P. 2009 . Possible use of provitamin D3 photoisomerization for spectral dosimetry of bioactive antirachitic UV radiation . Journal of Applied Spectroscopy , 76 : 240 – 244 . (Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, 2009, 76, pp. 256–260)
   Google Scholar
• Pfeilsticker , K. , Erle , F. , Funk , O. , Marquard , L. , Wagner , T. and Platt , U. 1998 . Optical path modifications due to tropospheric clouds: implications for zenith sky measurements of stratospheric gases . Journal of Geophysical Research , 103 : 25323 – 25335 .
   Google Scholar
• Pope , S.J. , Holick , M.F. , Mackin , S. and Godar , D.E. 2008 . Action spectrum conversion factors that change erythemally weighter to previtamin D3-weighted UV doses . Photochemistry and Photobiology , 84 : 1277 – 1283 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saltiel , J. , Cires , L. and Turek , A.M. 2004 . “ Conformer specific photochemistry in the vitamin D field ” . In Handbook of Organic Photochemistry and Photobiology , 2nd , Edited by: Horspool , W.M. and Lenci , F. 1 – 22 . London : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Seckmeyer , G. , Glandorf , M. , Wichers , C. , Mckenzie , R. , Henriques , D. , Carvalho , F. , Webb , A. , Siani , A.-M. , Bais , A. , Kjeldstad , B. , Brogniez , C. , Werle , P. , Koskela , T. , Lakkala , K. , Grobner , J. , Slaper , H. , Den Outer , P. and Feister , U. 2008 . Europe's darker atmosphere in the UV-B . Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences , 7 : 925 – 930 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sternberg , J.C. , Stillo , H.S. and Schwendeman , R.H. 1960 . Spectrophotometric analysis of multicomponent systems using the least squares method in matrix form . Analytical Chemistry , 32 : 84 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terenetskaya , I.P. Provitamin D photoisomerization as possible UVB monitor: kinetic study using tunable dye laser . SPIE Proceedings . Vol. 2134B , pp. 135 – 140 .
   Google Scholar
• Terenetskaya , I.P. 2000 . Spectral monitoring of biologically active solar UVB radiation using an in vitro model of Vitamin D synthesis . Talanta , 53 : 195 – 203 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Terenetskaya , I.P. 2003a . Solar UV-B dosimetry in situ with ‘D-dosimeter’: effect of ozone depletion on the vitamin D synthetic capacity of sunlight . Agriculture and Forest Meteorology , 120 : 45 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Terenetskaya , I.P. 2003b . “ Duality of solar UV-B radiation and relevant dosimetry: vitamin D synthesis versus skin erythema ” . In SPIE Proceedings Vol. 4896 , 144 – 150 .
   Google Scholar
• Terenetskaya , I.P. Inter-relation between the in vivo and in vitro action spectra of vitamin D synthesis . Proceedings of the 2nd CIE Expert Symposium on ‘Lighting and Health’ . September 7–8 2006 , Ottawa, Canada. pp. 182 – 185 . CIE Central Bureau : Vienna .
   Google Scholar
• Terenetskaya , I.P. 2008 . Limitations of the photostationary approximation in the photochemistry of provitamin D: the ambiguous role of the irreversible degradation channel . Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry , 44 : 286 – 291 . (Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, 2008, 44, pp. 279–283)
   Google Scholar
• Terenetskaya , I.P. , Gundorov , S.I. and Berik , E.B. 1991 . Characteristics of photolysis of provitamin D by long-wavelength radiation . Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics , 21 : 472 – 474 .
   Google Scholar
• Terenetskaya , I.P. , Gundorov , S.I. , Kravchenko , V.I. and Berik , E.B. 1988 . Nanosecond laser photolysis of provitamin D . Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics , 18 : 1323 – 1327 .
   Google Scholar
• Varotsos , C. , Kondratyev , K.Y. and Katsikis , S. 1995 . On the relationship between total ozone and solar ultraviolet radiation at St Petersburg, Russia . Geophysical Research Letters , 22 : 3481 – 3484 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb , A.R. and Engelsen , O. 2006 . Calculated ultraviolet exposure levels for a healthy Vitamin D status . Photochemistry and Photobiology , 82 : 1697 – 1703 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . 2002 . Global Solar UV Index. A Practical Guide , Geneva, , Switzerland : World Health Organization .
   Google Scholar