Troposphere and stratosphere influence on tropopause in the polar regions during winter and spring

References

• Birner , T. 2006 . Fine-scale structure of the extratropical tropopause region . Journal of Geophysical Research , 111 : D04104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavallo , S.M. and Hakim , G.J. 2009 . Potential vorticity diagnosis of a tropopause polar cyclone . Monthly Weather Review , 137 : 1358 – 1371 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evtushevsky , O.M. , Grytsai , A.V. , Klekociuk , A.R. and Milinevsky , G.P. 2008 . Total ozone and tropopause zonal asymmetry during the Antarctic spring . Journal of Geophysical Research , 113 : D00B06
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grytsai , A.V. , Evtushevsky , O.M. , Agapitov , O.V. , Klekociuk , A.R. and Milinevsky , G.P. 2007 . Structure and long-term change in the zonal asymmetry in Antarctic total ozone during spring . Annales Geophysicae , 25 : 361 – 374 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Highwood , E.J. , Hoskins , B.J. and Berrisford , P. 2000 . Properties of the Arctic tropopause . Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society , 126 : 1515 – 1532 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoinka , K.P. 1998 . Statistics of the global tropopause pressure . Monthly Weather Review , 128 : 3309 – 3325 .
   Google Scholar
• Holton , J.R. , Haynes , P.H. , McIntyre , M.E. , Douglas , A.R. , Rood , R.B. and Pfister , L. 1995 . Stratosphere-troposphere exchange . Reviews of Geophysics , 33 : 403 – 439 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hood , L.L. and Zaff , D.A. 1995 . Lower stratospheric stationary waves and the longitude dependence of ozone trends in winter . Journal of Geophysical Research , 100 : 25791 – 25800 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu , J. , Prather , M.J. and Wild , O. 2005 . Diagnosing the stratosphere-to-troposphere flux of ozone in a chemistry transport model . Journal of Geophysical Research , 110 : D19305
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kållberg , P. , Berrisford , P. , Hoskins , B. , Simmons , A. , Uppala , S. , Lamy-Thépaut , S. and Hine , R. 2005 . ERA-40 Atlas. ERA-40 Project Report Series No. 19 , Reading, , England : European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts .
   Google Scholar
• Kalnay , E. , Kanamitsu , M. , Kistler , R. , Collins , W. , Deaven , D. , Gandin , L. , Iredell , M. , Saha , S. , White , G. , Woollen , J. , Zhu , Y. , Leetmaa , A. , Reynolds , B. , Chelliah , M. , Ebisuzaki , W. , Higgins , W. , Janowiak , J. , Mo , K.C. , Ropelewski , C. , Wang , J. , Jenne , R. and Joseph , D. 1996 . The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project . Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 77 : 437 – 471 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiladis , G.N. , Straub , K.H. , Reid , G.C. and Gage , K.S. 2001 . Aspects of interannual and intraseasonal variability of the tropopause and lower stratosphere . Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society , 127 : 1961 – 1983 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLandress , C. and Shepherd , T.G. 2009 . Simulated anthropogenic changes in the Brewer–Dobson circulation, including its extension to high latitudes . Journal of Climate , 22 : 1516 – 1540 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagurny , A.P. 1998 . Climatic characteristics of the tropopause over the Arctic Basin . Annales Geophysicae , 16 : 110 – 115 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen , M.A. , Schoeberl , M.R. and Douglass , A.R. 2004 . Stratosphere–troposphere exchange of mass and ozone . Journal of Geophysical Research , 109 : D24114
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan , L.L. , Bowman , K.P. , Shapiro , M. , Randel , W.J. , Gao , R.S. , Campos , T. , Davis , C. , Schauffler , S. , Ridley , B.A. , Wei , J.C. and Barnet , C. 2007 . Chemical behavior of the tropopause observed during the stratosphere–troposphere analyses of regional transport experiment . Journal of Geophysical Research , 112 : D18110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan , L.L. , Randel , W.J. , Gary , B.L. , Mahoney , M.J. and Hintsa , E.J. 2004 . Definitions and sharpness of the extratropical tropopause: a trace gas perspective . Journal of Geophysical Research , 109 : D23103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickart , R.S. , Moore , G.W.K. , Macdonald , A.M. , Renfrew , I.A. , Walsh , J.E. and Kessler , W.S. 2009 . Seasonal evolution of Aleutian low pressure systems: implications for the North Pacific subpolar circulation . Journal of Physical Oceanography , 39 : 1317 – 1339 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roscoe , H.K. 2004 . Possible descent across the “tropopause” in Antarctic winter . Advances in Space Research , 33 : 1048 – 1052 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salby , M.L. 1996 . Fundamentals of Atmospheric Physics , Edited by: Dmowska , R. and Holton , R. San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Salby , M.L. and Callaghan , P.F. 2007 . Influence of planetary wave activity on the stratospheric final warming and spring ozone . Journal of Geophysical Research , 112 : D20111
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt , T. , Heise , S. , Wickert , J. , Beyerle , G. and Reigber , C. 2005 . GPS radio occultation with CHAMP and SAC-C: global monitoring of thermal tropopause parameters . Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , 5 : 1473 – 1488 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seidel , D.J. and Randel , W.J. 2006 . Variability and trends in the global tropopause estimated from radiosonde data . Journal of Geophysical Research , 111 : D21101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shepherd , T.G. 2002 . Issues in stratosphere-troposphere coupling . Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan , 80 : 769 – 792 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waugh , D.W. and Randel , W.J. 1999 . Climatology of Arctic and Antarctic polar vortices using elliptical diagnostics . Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences , 56 : 1594 – 1613 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WMO . 1957 . Meteorology – a three dimensional science: Second session of the Commission for Aerology. WMO Bulletin Vol. 4 , 134 – 138 .
   Google Scholar
• Wong , S. and Wang , W.-C. 2000 . Interhemispheric asymmetry in the seasonal variation of the zonal mean tropopause . Journal of Geophysical Research , 105 : 26645 – 26659 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zängl , G. and Hoinka , K.P. 2001 . The tropopause in the polar regions . Journal of Climate , 14 : 3117 – 3139 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar