Application of a generalized additive model (GAM) for estimating chlorophyll-a concentration from MODIS data in the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China

References

• Antoine, D., J.-M. André, and A. Morel. 1996. “Oceanic Primary Production: 2. Estimation at Global Scale from Satellite (Coastal Zone Color Scanner) Chlorophyll.” Global Biogeochemical Cycles 10 (1): 57–69. doi:10.1029/95GB02832.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banks, A. C., P. Prunet, J. Chimot, P. Pina, J. Donnadille, E. Jeansou, M. L. Lux, et al. 2012. “A Satellite Ocean Color Observation Operator System for Eutrophication Assessment in Coastal Waters.” Journal of Marine Systems 94 (S): S2–S15. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.11.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bi, N., Z. Yang, H. Wang, D. Fan, X. Sun, and K. Lei. 2011. “Seasonal Variation of Suspended-Sediment Transport through the Southern Bohai Strait.” Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 93 (3): 239–247. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2011.03.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyce, D. G., M. R. Lewis, and B. Worm. 2010. “Global Phytoplankton Decline over the past Century.” Nature 466 (7306): 591–596. doi:10.1038/nature09268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozdogan, H. 1987. “Model Selection and Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC): The General Theory and Its Analytical Extensions.” Psychometrika 52 (3): 345–370. doi:10.1007/BF02294361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, J. W. 1995. “The Lognormal Distribution as a Model for Bio-Optical Variability in the Sea.” Journal of Geophysical Research 100 (C7): 13237–13254. doi:10.1029/95jc00458.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carder, K. L., F. R. Chen, Z. P. Lee, S. K. Hawes, and D. Kamykowski. 1999. “Semianalytic Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer Algorithms for Chlorophyll a and Absorption with Bio-Optical Domains Based on Nitrate-Depletion Temperatures.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 104 (C3): 5403–5421. doi:10.1029/1998jc900082.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, C.-T. A. 2009. “Chemical and Physical Fronts in the Bohai, Yellow and East China Seas.” Journal of Marine Systems 78 (3): 394–410. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.11.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, J., and J. Liu. 2015. “The Spatial and Temporal Changes of Chlorophyll-A and Suspended Matter in the Eastern Coastal Zones of China during 1997–2013.” Continental Shelf Research 95: 89–98. doi:10.1016/j.csr.2015.01.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, J., and W. Quan. 2013. “An Improved Algorithm for Retrieving Chlorophyll-A from the Yellow River Estuary Using MODIS Imagery.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 185 (3): 2243–2255. doi:10.1007/s10661-012-2705-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui, T., J. Zhang, J. Tang, S. Sathyendranath, S. Groom, Y. Ma, W. Zhao, and Q. Song. 2014. “Assessment of Satellite Ocean Color Products of MERIS, MODIS and Seawifs along the East China Coast (In the Yellow Sea and East China Sea).” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 87: 137–151. doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.10.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dall’Olmo, G., A. A. Gitelson, D. C. Rundquist, B. Leavitt, T. Barrow, and J. C. Holz. 2005. “Assessing the Potential of Seawifs and MODIS for Estimating Chlorophyll Concentration in Turbid Productive Waters Using Red and Near-Infrared Bands.” Remote Sensing of Environment 96 (2): 176–187. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2005.02.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasgupta, S., R. P. Singh, and M. Kafatos. 2009. “Comparison of Global Chlorophyll Concentrations Using MODIS Data.” Advances in Space Research 43 (7): 1090–1100. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2008.11.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dave, A. C., and M. S. Lozier. 2015. “The Impact of Advection on Stratification and Chlorophyll Variability in the Equatorial Pacific.” Geophysical Research Letters 42 (11): 4523–4531. doi:10.1002/2015GL063290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dierssen, H. M. 2010. “Perspectives on Empirical Approaches for Ocean Color Remote Sensing of Chlorophyll in a Changing Climate.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 (40): 17073–17078. doi:10.1073/pnas.0913800107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franz, B. A., and P. J. Werdell. 2010. “A Generalized Framework for Modeling of Inherent Optical Properties in Ocean Remote Sensing Applications.” Proceedings of Ocean Optics, Anchorage, Alaska, September 27–October 1.
   Google Scholar
• González Taboada, F., and R. Anadón. 2014. “Seasonality of North Atlantic Phytoplankton from Space: Impact of Environmental Forcing on a Changing Phenology (1998–2012).” Global Change Biology 20 (3): 698–712. doi:10.1111/gcb.12352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon, H. R. 1997. “Atmospheric Correction of Ocean Color Imagery in the Earth Observing System Era.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 102 (D14): 17081–17106. doi:10.1029/96jd02443.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gower, J., R. Doerffer, and G. Borstad. 1999. “Interpretation of the 685nm Peak in Water-Leaving Radiance Spectra in Terms of Fluorescence, Absorption and Scattering, and Its Observation by MERIS.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 20 (9): 1771–1786. doi:10.1080/014311699212470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gower, J., S. King, G. Borstad, and L. Brown. 2005. “Detection of Intense Plankton Blooms Using the 709 Nm Band of the MERIS Imaging Spectrometer.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 26 (9): 2005–2012. doi:10.1080/01431160500075857.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregg, W. W., N. W. Casey, J. E. O’Reilly, and W. E. Esaias. 2009. “An Empirical Approach to Ocean Color Data: Reducing Bias and the Need for Post-Launch Radiometric Re-Calibration.” Remote Sensing of Environment 113 (8): 1598–1612. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2009.03.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregg, W. W., and M. E. Conkright. 2002. “Decadal Changes in Global Ocean Chlorophyll.” Geophysical Research Letters 29 (15): 20–24. doi:10.1029/2002GL014689.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hastie, T., and R. Tibshirani. 1986. “Generalized Additive Models.” Statistical Science 1: 297–310. doi:10.1214/ss/1177013604.
   Google Scholar
• Hastie, T. J., and R. J. Tibshirani. 1990. Generalized Additive Models. Vol. 43. London: Chapman and Hall/CRC.
   Google Scholar
• He, X. Q., Y. Bai, D. Pan, C. Chen, D. F. Wang, and F. Gong. 2013. “Satellite Views of Seasonal and Inter-Annual Variability of Phytoplankton Blooms in the Eastern China Seas over the past 14 Yr (1998-2011).” Biogeosciences 10: 4721–4739. doi:10.5194/bg-10-4721-2013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, C., Z. Lee, and B. Franz. 2012. “Chlorophyll Aalgorithms for Oligotrophic Oceans: A Novel Approach Based on Three-Band Reflectance Difference.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 117 (C1): C01011. doi:10.1029/2011jc007395.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, C., D. Li, C. Chen, J. Ge, F. E. Muller-Karger, J. Liu, F. Yu, and M. He. 2010. “On the Recurrent Ulva Prolifera Blooms in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.” Journal of Geophysical Research 115 (C5): C05017. doi:10.1029/2009jc005561.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, J., L. Chen, X. Chen, and Q. Song. 2013. “Validation of Semi-Analytical Inversion Models for Inherent Optical Properties from Ocean Color in Coastal Yellow Sea and East China Sea.” Journal of Oceanography 69 (6): 713–725. doi:10.1007/s10872-013-0202-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ioannou, I., A. Gilerson, B. Gross, F. Moshary, and S. Ahmed. 2013. “Deriving Ocean Color Products Using Neural Networks.” Remote Sensing of Environment 134: 78–91. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2013.02.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irwin, A. J., and Z. V. Finkel. 2008. “Mining a Sea of Data: Deducing the Environmental Controls of Ocean Chlorophyll.” Plos ONE 3 (11): e3836. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003836.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitsiou, D., and M. Karydis. 2011. “Coastal Marine Eutrophication Assessment: A Review on Data Analysis.” Environment International 37 (4): 778–801. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2011.02.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komick, N. M., M. P. F. Costa, and J. Gower. 2009. “Bio-Optical Algorithm Evaluation for MODIS for Western Canada Coastal Waters: an Exploratory Approach Using in Situ Reflectance.” Remote Sensing of Environment 113 (4): 794–804. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2008.12.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le, C., C. Hu, J. Cannizzaro, D. English, F. Muller-Karger, and Z. Lee. 2013. “Evaluation of Chlorophyll-A Remote Sensing Algorithms for an Optically Complex Estuary.” Remote Sensing of Environment 129: 75–89. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2012.11.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, Z., K. L. Carder, and R. A. Arnone. 2002. “Deriving Inherent Optical Properties from Water Color: A Multiband Quasi-Analytical Algorithm for Optically Deep Waters.” Applied Optics 41 (27): 5755–5772. doi:10.1364/AO.41.005755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, D., J. K. Keesing, Q. Xing, and P. Shi. 2009. “World’s Largest Macroalgal Bloom Caused by Expansion of Seaweed Aquaculture in China.” Marine Pollution Bulletin 58 (6): 888–895. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.01.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, D., and Y. Wang. 2013. “Trends of Satellite Derived Chlorophyll-A (1997-2011) in the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China: Effects of Bathymetry on Seasonal and Inter-Annual Patterns.” Progress In Oceanography 116: 154–166. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2013.07.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorenzen, C. J. 1967. “Determination of Chlorophyll and Pheo-Pigments: Spectrophotometric Equations1.” Limnology and Oceanography 12 (2): 343–346. doi:10.4319/lo.1967.12.2.0343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maritorena, S., D. A. Siegel, and A. R. Peterson. 2002. “Optimization of a Semianalytical Ocean Color Model for Global-Scale Applications.” Applied Optics 41 (15): 2705–2714. doi:10.1364/AO.41.002705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, T. S., J. W. Campbell, and M. D. Dowell. 2009. “A Class-Based Approach to Characterizing and Mapping the Uncertainty of the MODIS Ocean Chlorophyll Product.” Remote Sensing of Environment 113 (11): 2424–2430. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2009.07.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moses, W. J., A. A. Gitelson, S. Berdnikov, and V. Povazhnyy. 2009. “Satellite Estimation of Chlorophyll-a Concentration Using the Red and NIR Bands of MERIS—The Azov Sea Case Study.” IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 6 (4): 845–849. doi:10.1109/lgrs.2009.2026657.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Reilly, J. E., S. Maritorena, B. G. Mitchell, D. A. Siegel, K. L. Carder, S. A. Garver, M. Kahru, and C. McClain. 1998. “Ocean Color Chlorophyll Algorithms for Seawifs.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 103 (C11): 24937–24953. doi:10.1029/98JC02160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Reilly, J. E., S. Maritorena, D. A. Siegel, M. C. O’Brien, D. Toole, B. G. Mitchell, M. Kahru, et al. 2000. “Ocean Color Chlorophyll a Algorithms for Seawifs, OC2, and OC4: Version 4.” Seawifs Postlaunch Calibration and Validation Analyses, Part 3: 9–23.
   Google Scholar
• Park, Y.-J., K. Ruddick, and G. Lacroix. 2010. “Detection of Algal Blooms in European Waters Based on Satellite Chlorophyll Data from MERIS and MODIS.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 31 (24): 6567–6583. doi:10.1080/01431161003801369.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raitsos, D. E., G. Korres, G. Triantafyllou, G. Petihakis, M. Pantazi, K. Tsiaras, and A. Pollani. 2012. “Assessing Chlorophyll Variability in Relation to the Environmental Regime in Pagasitikos Gulf, Greece.” Journal of Marine Systems 94 (S): S16–S22. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.11.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shang, S. L., Q. Dong, C. M. Hu, G. Lin, Y. H. Li, and S. P. Shang. 2014. “On the Consistency of MODIS Chlorophyll a Products in the Northern South China Sea.” Biogeosciences 11 (2): 269–280. doi:10.5194/bg-11-269-2014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, W., and M. Wang. 2010a. “Characterization of Global Ocean Turbidity from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Ocean Color Observations.” Journal of Geophysical Research 115 (C11): C11022. doi:10.1029/2010jc006160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, W., and M. Wang. 2010b. “Satellite Observations of the Seasonal Sediment Plume in Central East China Sea.” Journal of Marine Systems 82 (4): 280–285. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.06.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, W., and M. Wang. 2012. “Satellite Views of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea.” Progress In Oceanography 104: 30–45. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2012.05.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel, D. A., M. Wang, S. Maritorena, and W. Robinson. 2000. “Atmospheric Correction of Satellite Ocean Color Imagery: the Black Pixel Assumption.” Applied Optics 39 (21): 3582–3591. doi:10.1364/AO.39.003582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siswanto, E., J. Tang, H. Yamaguchi, Y. Ahn, J. Ishizaka, S. Yoo, S.-W. Kim, et al. 2011. “Empirical Ocean-Color Algorithms to Retrieve Chlorophyll-A, Total Suspended Matter, and Colored Dissolved Organic Matter Absorption Coefficient in the Yellow and East China Seas.” Journal of Oceanography 67 (5): 627–650. doi:10.1007/s10872-011-0062-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Son, S., M. Wang, and J.-K. Shon. 2011. “Satellite Observations of Optical and Biological Properties in the Korean Dump Site of the Yellow Sea.” Remote Sensing of Environment 115 (2): 562–572. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2010.10.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stock, A. 2015. “Satellite Mapping of Baltic Sea Secchi Depth with Multiple Regression Models.” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 40: 55–64. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2015.04.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, D., H. Kawamura, H. Doan-Nhu, and W. Takahashi. 2004. “Remote Sensing Oceanography of a Harmful Algal Bloom off the Coast of Southeastern Vietnam.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 109 (C3): C03014. doi:10.1029/2003jc002045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilstone, G. H., A. A. Lotliker, P. I. Miller, P. M. Ashraf, T. S. Kumar, T. Suresh, B. R. Ragavan, and H. B. Menon. 2013. “Assessment of MODIS-Aqua Chlorophyll-A Algorithms in Coastal and Shelf Waters of the Eastern Arabian Sea.” Continental Shelf Research 65: 14–26. doi:10.1016/j.csr.2013.06.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urquhart, E. A., B. F. Zaitchik, M. J. Hoffman, S. D. Guikema, and E. F. Geiger. 2012. “Remotely Sensed Estimates of Surface Salinity in the Chesapeake Bay: A Statistical Approach.” Remote Sensing of Environment 123: 522–531. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2012.04.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilas, L. G., E. Spyrakos, and J. M. Torres Palenzuela. 2011. “Neural Network Estimation of Chlorophyll a from MERIS Full Resolution Data for the Coastal Waters of Galician Rias (NW Spain).” Remote Sensing of Environment 115 (2): 524–535. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2010.09.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, B.-D., X.-L. Wang, and R. Zhan. 2003. “Nutrient Conditions in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.” Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 58 (1): 127–136. doi:10.1016/s0272-7714(03)00067-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, H., A. Wang, N. Bi, X. Zeng, and H. Xiao. 2014. “Seasonal Distribution of Suspended Sediment in the Bohai Sea, China.” Continental Shelf Research 90: 17–32. doi:10.1016/j.csr.2014.03.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, M. 2007. “Remote Sensing of the Ocean Contributions from Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Using the Shortwave Infrared Bands: Simulations.” Applied Optics 46 (9): 1535–1547. doi:10.1364/AO.46.001535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, M., J. Ahn, L. Jiang, W. Shi, S. Son, Y. Park, and J. Ryu. 2013. “Ocean Color Products from the Korean Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI).” Optics Express 21 (3): 3835–3849. doi:10.1364/OE.21.003835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, M., and W. Shi. 2007. “The NIR-SWIR Combined Atmospheric Correction Approach for MODIS Ocean Color Data Processing.” Optics Express 15 (24): 15722–15733. doi:10.1364/OE.15.015722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, M., J. Tang, and W. Shi. 2007. “MODIS-Derived Ocean Color Products along the China East Coastal Region.” Geophysical Research Letters 34 (6): L06611. doi:10.1029/2006gl028599.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, P., E. S. Boss, and C. Roesler. 2005. “Uncertainties of Inherent Optical Properties Obtained from Semianalytical Inversions of Ocean Color.” Applied Optics 44 (19): 4074–4085. doi:10.1364/AO.44.004074.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werdell, P. J., S. W. Bailey, B. A. Franz, L. W. Harding Jr. Jr, G. C. Feldman, and C. R. McClain. 2009. “Regional and Seasonal Variability of Chlorophyll-A in Chesapeake Bay as Observed by Seawifs and MODIS-Aqua.” Remote Sensing of Environment 113 (6): 1319–1330. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2009.02.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, S. N. 2004. “Stable and Efficient Multiple Smoothing Parameter Estimation for Generalized Additive Models.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 99 (467): 673–686. doi:10.1198/016214504000000980.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, S. N. 2006. Generalized Additive Models: an Introduction with R. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman and Hall/CRC.
   Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi, H., H.-C. Kim, Y. B. Son, S. W. Kim, K. Okamura, Y. Kiyomoto, and J. Ishizaka. 2012. “Seasonal and Summer Interannual Variations of Seawifs Chlorophyll a in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.” Progress In Oceanography 105: 22–29. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2012.04.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar