References
- Abrams , D. and Hogg , M. 1987 . Language attitudes, frames of reference and social identity: A Scottish dimension . Journal of Language and Social Psychology , 6 ( 3 ) : 201 – 12 .
- Aman , N. , P. Appleyard , A. James , M. Bte Roslan , T.K. Tan , and V. Vaish . 2007 . The linguistic ecology of Singapore students . Presentation to teachers of SSS 2006 participating schools, 21 November 2007, in CRPP, Singapore .
- Bentahila , A. 1983 . Language attitudes among Arabic-French bilinguals in Morocco , Clevedon : Multilingual Matters .
- Bokhorst-Heng , W.D. 1999 . “ Singapore's speak Mandarin campaign: Language ideological debates in the ‘imagining of the nation’ ” . In Language ideological debates , Edited by: Blommaert , J. 235 – 65 . Berlin : Mouton de Gruyter .
- Bokhorst-Heng , W.D. 2005 . Debating Singlish . Multilingua , 24 ( 3 ) : 185 – 209 .
- Chana , U. and Romaine , S. 1984 . Evaluative reactions to Panjabi/English code-switching . Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development , 5 ( 6 ) : 447 – 73 .
- Côté , P. and Clément , R. 1994 . Language attitudes: An interactive situated approach . Language and Communication , 14 ( 3 ) : 237 – 51 .
- Dalton-Puffer , C. , Kaltenboeck , G. and Smit , U. 1997 . Learner attitudes and L2 pronunciation in Austria . World Englishes , 16 ( 1 ) : 115 – 28 .
- Edwards , J. 1982 . “ Language attitudes and their implication among English speakers ” . In Attitudes towards language variation , Edited by: Ryan , E.B. and Giles , H. 20 – 33 . London : Edward Arnold .
- El-Dash , L.G. and Busnardo , J. 2001 . Brazilian attitudes toward English: Dimensions of status and solidarity . Journal of Applied Linguistics , 11 ( 11 ) : 57 – 74 .
- Garrett , P. , Coupland , N. and Williams , A. 2003 . Investigating language attitudes: Social meanings of dialect, ethnicity and performance , Cardiff : University of Wales Press .
- Genesee , F. and Holobow , N.E. 1989 . Change and stability in intergroup perceptions . Journal of Language and Social Psychology , 8 ( 1 ) : 17 – 38 .
- Gibbons , J.P. 1983 . Attitudes towards languages and code-mixing in Hong Kong . Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development , 4 ( 2 and 3 ) : 129 – 47 .
- Giles , H. and Ryan , E. 1982 . “ Prolegomena for developing a social psychological theory of language attitudes ” . In Attitudes towards language variation: Social and applied contexts , Edited by: Ryan , E. and Giles , H. 208 – 23 . London : Arnold .
- Gopinathan , S. , Ho , W.K and Saravanan , V. 2004 . “ Ethnicity management and language education policy: Towards a modified model of language education in Singapore schools ” . In Beyond rituals and riots , Edited by: Lai , A.H. 228 – 57 . Singapore : Eastern University Press .
- Gupta , A.F. 1994 . The step-tongue: Children's English in Singapore , Clevedon : Multilingual Matters .
- Hewstone , M. , and H. Giles . 1997 . Social class and the identification of sex in children's speech . In Sociolinguistics: A reader N. Coupland and A. Jaworski , 270 – 283 . New York : Palgrave MacMillan .
- Huck , S.W. 2004 . Reading statistics and research , 4th ed , Boston, MA : Pearson .
- Ladegaard , H.J. 2000 . Language attitudes and sociolinguistic behaviour: Exploring attitude – behaviour relations in language . Journal of Sociolinguistics , 4 ( 2 ) : 214 – 33 .
- Lambert , W. and Tucker , G. 1972 . Bilingual education of children: The St. Lambert experiment , Rowley, MA : Newbury House .
- Lee , K.Y. 1984 . Speech by Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew at the opening of the Speak Mandarin campaign on Friday, 21 September 1984, at the Singapore Conference Hall . Document No. lky19840921a. Singapore: Ministry of Culture. http://stars.nhb.gov.sg/stars/public/ (retrieved November 28, 2007) .
- Lim , C. 1986 . English in Singapore: A study of its status and solidarity and the attitudes to its use . PhD diss., National University of Singapore .
- McKay , S.L. and Bokhorst-Heng , W.D. 2008 . International English in its sociolinguistic contexts: Toward a socially sensitive EIL pedagogy , Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum/Routledge .
- Noguchi , M. and Fotos , S. 2001 . Studies in Japanese bilingualism , Clevedon : Multilingual Matters .
- Pakir , A. 1993 . “ Two tongue tied: Bilingualism in Singapore ” . In Bilingualism and national development , Edited by: Jones , G.M. and Ozog , A.C.K. 73 – 90 . Clevedon : Multilingual Matters .
- Rickford , J.R. 1980 . Language attitudes in a Creole continuum . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, San Antonio, TX .
- Saravanan , V. , Lakshmi , S. and Caleon , I. 2007 . Attitudes towards literary Tamil and standard spoken Tamil in Singapore . International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism , 10 ( 1 ) : 58 – 79 .
- Singapore Department of Statistics . 2000 . Census of the population. Education, language and religion . Singapore : Department of Statistics . http://www.singstat.gov.sg/ (retrieved February 15, 2008) .
- >Singapore Department of Statistics . 2005 . General household survey 2005. Language most frequently used at home and sex . http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/popn/ghsr1/t20-24.pdf (retrieved January 2, 2007) .
- Soh , F. 2006 . Interview with Mr. Kenneth Tan, chairman of the Promote Mandarin Council by Felix Soh, Deputy Editor of The Straits Times . http://mandarin.org.sg/public_html/smc/interview_kenneth.html (retrieved February 23, 2007) .
- Stroud , C. and Wee , L. 2007 . Language policy and linguistic markets in Singapore . Sociolinguistic Studies , 1 ( 2 ) : 197 – 216 .
- Trudgill , P. 1974 . The social differentiation of English in Norwich , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Vaish , V. 2007 . Bilingualism without diglossia: The Indian community in Singapore . International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism , 10 ( 2 ) : 171 – 87 .