Gravestones speak – but in which language? Epitaphs as mirrors of language shifts and identities in Alsace

References

• Anderson, Keith A., Christine L. Sielski, Ellizabeth A. Miles, and Alexis V. Dunee. 2011. “Gardens of Stone: Searching for Evidence of Secularization and Acceptance of Death in Grave Inscriptions from 1900–2009.” Omega 63 (4): 359–371. doi:10.2190/OM.63.4.d http://baywood.com.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backhaus, Peter. 2007. Linguistic Landscapes. A Comparative Study of Urban Multilingualism in Tokyo. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Bertrand, Régis. 2005. “« Que de vertus … » Les épitaphes édifiantes des débuts du XIXe siècle.” In Les narrations de la mort, edited by Bertrand Régis, Anne Carol, and Jean-Noël Pelen, 241–255. Aix-en-Provence: Publications de l’Université de Provence.
   Google Scholar
• Bothorel-Witz, Arlette, and Dominique Huck. 1995. “Des variétés dialectales aux locuteurs dialectophones alsaciens: état d'une recherche géo- et sociolinguistique.” In Paroles régionales, edited by Jean-François P. Bonnot, 45–96. Strasbourg: Presses Universitaires de Strasbourg.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, Pierre. 1982. Ce que parler veut dire. L’économie des échanges linguistiques. Paris: Fayard.
   Google Scholar
• Cenoz, Jasone, and Duck Gorter. 2006. “Linguistic Landscape and Minority Languages.” International Journal of Multilingualism 3 (1): 67–80. doi:10.1080/14790710608668386.
   Google Scholar
• Coulmas, Florian. 2009. “Linguistic Landscaping and the Seed of the Public Sphere.” In Linguistic Landscape. Expanding the Scenery. Edited by Elana Shohamy and Durk Gorter, 13–24. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Coupland, Nikolas. 2010. “Welsh Linguistic Landscapes ‘From Above’ and ‘From Below.’” In Semiotic Landscapes. Language, Image, Space, edited by Adam Jaworski and Crispin Thurlow, 77–101. London: Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Coupland, Nikolas, and Peter Garrett. 2010. “Linguistic Landscapes, Discursive Frames and Metacultural Performance: the Case of Welsh Patagonia.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 205: 7–36. doi:10.1515/IJSL.2010.037.
   Google Scholar
• Denis, Marie-Noëlle, and Calvin Veltman. 1989. Le déclin du dialecte alsacien. Strasbourg: Association des publications près les Universités de Strasbourg.
   Google Scholar
• Dollinger, Philippe, ed. [1971] 1991. Histoire de l'Alsace. Toulouse: Privat.
   Google Scholar
• Dubisch, Jill. 1989. “Death and Social Change in Greece.” Anthropological Quarterly 62 (4): 189–200. Accessed November 16, 2016. www.jstor.org/stable/3317615.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foucault, Michel. 1986. “Of Other Spaces.” Diacritics 16 (1): 22–27. doi:10.2307/464648.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francis, Doris. 2003. “Cemeteries as Cultural Landscapes.” Mortality 8 (2): 222–227. doi:10.1080/1357627031000687442.
   Google Scholar
• Genette, Gérard. 1987. Seuils. Paris: Seuil.
   Google Scholar
• Gorter, Durk. 2013. “Linguistic Landscapes in a Multilingual World.” Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 33: 190–212. doi:10.1017/S0267190513000020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herat, Manel. 2014. “The Final Goodbye: The Linguistic Features of Gravestone Epitaphs from the Nineteenth Century to the Present.” International Journal of Language Studies 8 (4): 127–150.
   Google Scholar
• Huebner, Thom. 2009. “A Framework for the Linguistic Analysis of Linguistic Landscapes.” In Linguistic Landscape. Expanding the Scenery, edited by Elana Shohamy and Durk Gorter, 70–87. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kempf, Catherine-Barbara. 1995. “Un produit de l'histoire: l'identité religieuse et la conscience linguistique des membres de la communauté luthérienne en Alsace.” In Paroles régionales, edited by Jean-François P. Bonnot, 163–193. Strasbourg: Presses Universitaires de Strasbourg.
   Google Scholar
• Landry, Rodrigue, and Richard Y. Bourhis. 1997. “Linguistic Landscape and Ethnolinguistic Vitality.” Journal of Language and Social Psychology 16 (1): 23–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lévy, Paul. 1929. Histoire linguistique d'Alsace et de Lorraine. Tome II: De la Révolution française à 1918. Paris: Société d'édition Les Belles Lettres.
   Google Scholar
• Pavlenko, Aneta. 2010. “Linguistic Landscape of Kyiv, Ukraine: A Diachronic Study.” In Linguistic Landscape in the City, edited by Elena Shohamy, Eliezer Ben-Rafael, and Monica Barni, 133–150. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Reimers, Eva. 1999. “Death and Identity: Graves and Funerals as Cultural Communication.” Mortality 4 (2): 147–166. doi:10.1080/713685976.
   Google Scholar
• Rugg, Julie. 2000. “Defining the Place of Burial: What Makes a Cemetery a Cemetery?” Mortality 5 (3): 259–275. doi:10.1080/13576275.2013.819322.
   Google Scholar
• Rugg, Julie. 2003. “Introduction: Cemeteries.” Mortality 8 (2): 107–112. doi:10.1080/135762703100008736.
   Google Scholar
• Scollon, Ron, and Suzie Wong Scollon. 2003. Discourses in Place. Language in the Material World. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Shohamy, Elena, and Shoshi Waksman. 2009. “Linguistic Landscape as an Ecological Arena: Modalities, Meanings, Negotiations, Education.” In Linguistic Landscape. Expanding the Scenery, edited by Elana Shohamy and Durk Gorter, 313–331. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Spolsky, Bernard. 2009. “Prolegomena to a Sociolinguistic Theory of Public Signage.” In Linguistic Landscape. Expanding the Scenery, edited by Elana Shohamy and Durk Gorter, 25–39. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Tufi, Stefania. 2016. “Constructing the Self in Contested Spaces: The Case of Slovenian-speaking Minorities in the Area of Trieste.” In Negotiating and Contesting Identities in Linguistic Landscapes, edited by Robert Blackwood, Elizabeth Lanza, and Hirut Woldemariam, 101–116. London: Bloomsbury.
   Google Scholar
• Urbain, Jean-Didier. 1988. “Récit de mort et mort du récit dans les cimetières.” In La mort dans le texte, edited by Gilles Ernst, 221–242. Lyon: Presses Universitaires de Lyon.
   Google Scholar
• Vajta, Katharina. 2003. ‘Nous n’avons plus de langue pour nos fêtes de familles’ Le changement de langue dans une famille alsacienne. Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis.
   Google Scholar
• Vajta, Katharina. 2013. “Linguistic, Religious and National Loyalties in Alsace.” In International Journal of the Sociology of Language 220: 109–125.
   Google Scholar
• VanDam, Kara. 2008. “Dutch-American Language Shift: Evidence from the Grave.” LACUS Forum 34: 31–40. Accessed November 16, 2016. http://www.lacus.org/volumes/34.
   Google Scholar
• Vidor, Gian Marco. 2014. “Satisfying the Mind and Inflaming the Heart: Emotions and Funerary Epigraphy in Nineteenth-Century Italy.” Mortality 19 (4): 342–360. doi:10.1080/13576275.2014.921667.
   Google Scholar
• Vogler, Bernard. 1993. Histoire culturelle de l'Alsace. Strasbourg: La Nuée Bleue.
   Google Scholar
• Waksman, Shoshi, and Elena Shohamy. 2010. “Decorating the City of Tel Aviv-Jaffa for its Centennial: Complementary Narratives via Linguistic Landscape.” In Linguistic Landscape in the City, edited by Elena Shohamy, Eliezer Ben-Rafael, and Monica Barni, 57–73. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Woodthorpe, Kate. 2011. “Sustaining the Contemporary Cemetery: Implementing Policy Alongside Conflicting Perspectives and Purpose.” Mortality 16 (3): 259–276. doi:10.1080/13576275.2011.586125.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, Elizabethada A. 2005. “Rhetorical Spaces in Memorial Places: The Cemetery as a Rhetorical Memory Place/Space.” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 35 (4): 51–81.
   Google Scholar