116
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Americans’ attitudes toward British accents: the role of social categorisation, perceived group prototypicality, and processing fluency

ORCID Icon, , &
Received 06 Sep 2023, Accepted 18 Apr 2024, Published online: 13 May 2024

References

  • Alter, A. L., and D. M. Oppenheimer. 2009. “Uniting the Tribes of Fluency to Form a Metacognitive Nation.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 13 (3): 219–235. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868309341564.
  • Bayard, D., A. Weatherall, C. Gallois, and J. Pittam. 2001. “Pax Americana? Accent Attitudinal Evaluations in New Zealand, Australia and America.” Journal of Sociolinguistics 5 (1): 22–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9481.00136.
  • Beal, J. 2004. “English Dialects in the North of England: Phonology.” In A Handbook of Varieties of English (Vol. 1), edited by E. W. Schneider, K. Burridge, B. Kortmann, R. Mesthrie, and C. Upton, 113–133. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Bergsieker, H. B., L. M. Leslie, V. S. Constantine, and S. T. Fiske. 2012. “Stereotyping by Omission: Eliminate the Negative, Accentuate the Positive.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 102 (6): 1214–1238. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027717.
  • Bishop, H., N. Coupland, and P. Garrett. 2005. “Conceptual Accent Evaluation: Thirty Years of Accent Prejudice in the UK.” Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 37 (1): 131–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2005.10416087.
  • Blair, I. V., C. M. Judd, M. S. Sadler, and C. Jenkins. 2002. “The Role of Afrocentric Features in Person Perception: Judging by Features and Categories.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83 (1): 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.1.5.
  • Chambers, T. 2019. A Quick Guide to Scottish Dialects (on Culture trip), 16 December. https://theculturetrip.com/europe/united-kingdom/scotland/articles/a-quick-guide-to-scottish-dialects/.
  • Cooper, R. L. 1975. “Introduction to Special Issue “Language Attitudes II”.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 6: 5–9. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.1975.6.5.
  • Coupland, N., and H. Bishop. 2007. “Ideologized Values for British Accents.” Journal of Sociolinguistics 11 (1): 74–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2007.00311.x.
  • Cristia, A., A. Seidl, C. Vaughn, R. Schmale, A. Bradlow, and C. Floccia. 2012. “Linguistic Processing of Accented Speech Across the Lifespan.” Frontiers in Psychology 3. Article 479. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00479.
  • Crystal, D. 2020. Received Pronunciation Old and New. Cambridge University blog. https://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2022/05/25/received-pronunciation-old-new/.
  • Dovidio, J. F., and A. Gluszek. 2012. “Accent, Nonverbal Behaviour, and Intergroup Bias.” In The Handbook of Intergroup Communication, edited by H. Giles, 87–99. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Dragojevic, M., F. Fasoli, J. Cramer, and T. Rakić. 2021. “Toward a Century of Language Attitudes Research: Looking Back and Moving Forward.” Journal of Language and Social Psychology 40 (1): 60–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X20966714.
  • Dragojevic, M., H. Giles, A.-C. Beck, and N. T. Tatum. 2017. “The Fluency Principle: Why Foreign Accent Strength Negatively Biases Language Attitudes.” Communication Monographs 84 (3): 385–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2017.1322213.
  • Dragojevic, M., and S. Goatley-Soan. 2022a. “Americans’ Attitudes Toward Foreign Accents: Evaluative Hierarchies and Underlying Processes.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 43 (2): 167–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2020.1735402.
  • Dragojevic, M., and S. Goatley-Soan. 2022b. “The Verbal-Guise Technique.” In Research Methods in Language Attitudes, edited by R. Kircher, and L. Zipp, 203–218. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Evans, B. E., M. Dunbar, and N. Chartier. 2020. “Cardiffians’ Perceptions of English in the UK.” Journal of Linguistic Geography 8 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1017/jlg.2020.1.
  • Fisher, R. A. 1921. ““On the “Probable Error” of a Coefficient of Correlation Deduced from a Small Sample.” Metron 1: 3–32.
  • Fiske, S. T., A. J. C. Cuddy, P. Glick, and J. Xu. 2002. “A Model of (Often Mixed) Stereotype Content: Competence and Warmth Respectively Follow from Perceived Status and Competition.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82 (6): 878–902. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.878.
  • Gass, S., and E. M. Varonis. 1984. “The Effect of Familiarity on the Comprehensibility of Nonnative Speech.” Language Learning 34 (1): 65–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1984.tb00996.xtb00996.x.
  • Giles, H. 1970. “Evaluative Reactions to Accents.” Educational Review 22 (3): 211–227. [Reprinted in J. Martin, M. Bowl., & G. Banks. (Eds.). (2004). Mapping the Field: 75 Years of Educational Review (Vol. 2, pp. 266–278). Routledge.]. https://doi.org/10.1080/0013191700220301.
  • Giles, H., and P. F. Powesland. 1975. Speech Style and Social Evaluation. London: Academic Press.
  • Giles, H., and B. Watson, eds. 2013. The Social Meanings of Language, Dialect, and Accent: International Perspectives on Speech Styles. New York, NY: Peter Lang.
  • Gluszek, A., and J. F. Dovidio. 2010. “The way They Speak: A Social Psychological Perspective on the Stigma of Nonnative Accents in Communication.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 14 (2): 214–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868309359288.
  • Haslam, S. A., J. C. Turner, P. J. Oakes, C. McGarty, and K. J. Reynolds. 1998. “The Group as a Basis for Emergent Stereotype Consensus.” European Review of Social Psychology 8 (1): 203–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/14792779643000128.
  • Hayes, A. F. 2018. Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Hiraga, Y. 2005. “British Attitudes Towards six Varieties of English in the USA and Britain.” World Englishes 24 (3): 289–308. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0883-2919.2005.00411.x.
  • Hogg, M. A., and S. A. Reid. 2006. “Social Identity, Self-Categorization, and the Communication of Group Norms.” Communication Theory 16 (1): 7–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2006.00003.x.
  • Kircher, R., and L. Zipp, eds. 2022. Research Methods in Language Attitudes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Lambert, W. E. 1967. “A Social Psychology of Bilingualism.” Journal of Social Issues 23 (2): 91–109. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1967.tb00578.x.
  • Lee, T. L., and S. T. Fiske. 2006. “Not an Outgroup, not yet an Ingroup: Immigrants in the Stereotype Content Model.” International Journal of Intercultural Relations 30 (6): 751–768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2006.06.005.
  • Lev-Ari, S., and B. Keysar. 2010. “Why Don't we Believe non-Native Speakers? The Influence of Accent on Credibility.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 46 (6): 1093–1096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.05.025.
  • Lindemann, S. 2003. “Koreans, Chinese or Indians? Attitudes and Ideologies About non-Native English Speakers in the United States.” Journal of Sociolinguistics 7 (3): 348–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9481.00228.
  • Lippi-Green, R. 2012. English with an Accent: Language, Ideology, and Discrimination in the United States (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Ma, D. S., J. Correll, and B. Wittenbrink. 2018. “The Effects of Category and Physical Features on Stereotyping and Evaluation.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 79: 42–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.06.008.
  • McKenzie, R. M. 2008. “The Role of Variety Recognition in Japanese University Students’ Attitudes Towards English Speech Varieties.” Journal of Multilingual & Multicultural Development 29 (2): 139–153. https://doi.org/10.2167/jmmd565.0.
  • McKenzie, R. M. 2015. “UK University Students’ Folk Perceptions of Spoken Variation in English: The Role of Explicit and Implicit Attitudes.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 236: 31–53. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2015-0020.
  • McKenzie, R. M., and E. Carrie. 2018. “Implicit-explicit Attitudinal Discrepancy and the Investigation of Language Attitude Change in Progress.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 39 (9): 830–844. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2018.1445744.
  • McKenzie, R. M., and A. McNeill. 2023. Implicit and Explicit Language Attitudes: Mapping Linguistic Prejudice and Attitude Change in England. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Montgomery, G., and D. Acheme. 2022. “Processing Fluency and Inferred Motive: L1 English Users’ Evaluations of non-Standard Accented Speech.” Journal of Language and Social Psychology 41 (5): 572–589. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X221081010.
  • Munro, M. J., and T. M. Derwing. 1995. “Processing Time, Accent, and Comprehensibility in the Perception of Native and Foreign-Accented Speech.” Language and Speech 38 (3): 289–306. https://doi.org/10.1177/002383099503800305.
  • Ockey, G. J., S. Papageorgiou, and R. French. 2016. “Effects of Strength of Accent on an L2 Interactive Lecture Listening Comprehension Test.” International Journal of Listening 30 (1–2): 84–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10904018.2015.1056877.
  • Preston, D. R., ed. 1999. Handbook of Perceptual Dialectology (Vol. 1). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Purnell, T., W. Idsardi, and J. Baugh. 1999. “Perceptual and Phonetic Experiments on American English Dialect Identification.” Journal of Language and Social Psychology 18 (1): 10–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X99018001002.
  • Roessel, J., C. Schoel, R. Zimmermann, and D. Stahlberg. 2019. “Shedding new Light on the Evaluation of Accented Speakers: Basic Mechanisms Behind Nonnative Listeners’ Evaluations of Nonnative Accented job Candidates.” Journal of Language and Social Psychology 38 (1): 3–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X17747904.
  • Rubin, D. L. 1992. “Nonlanguage Factors Affecting Undergraduates’ Judgments of Nonnative English-Speaking Teaching Assistants.” Research in Higher Education 33 (4): 511–531. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00973770.
  • Ryan, E. B. 1983. “Social Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Native Speaker Evaluations of non-Native Speech.” Studies in Second Language Acquisition 5 (2): 148–159. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263100004824.
  • Schwarz, N. 2010. “Meaning in Context: Metacognitive Experiences.” In The Mind in Context, edited by B. Mesquita, L. F. Barrett, and E. R. Smith, 105–125. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Shuck, G. 2004. “Conversational Performance and the Poetic Construction of an Ideology.” Language in Society 33 (02): 195–222. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404504332021.
  • Stewart, M. A., E. B. Ryan, and H. Giles. 1985. “Accent and Social Class Effects on Status and Solidarity Evaluations.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 11 (1): 98–105. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167285111009.
  • Trudgill, P., and H. Giles. 1978. “Sociolinguistics and Linguistic Value and Judgements; Correctness, Adequacy and Aesthetics.” In Functional Studies in Language and Literature, edited by F. Coppierters, and D. Goyvaerts, 167–190. Ghent: Story-Scientia.
  • Trudgill, P., and J. Hannah. 2017. International English: A Guide to Varieties of English Around the World. London: Routledge.
  • Turner, J. C., M. A. Hogg, P. J. Oakes, S. D. Reicher, and M. S. Wetherell. 1987. Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-Categorization Theory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • Wales, K. 2006. Northern English: A Social and Cultural History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Weinberger, S. H. 2017. The Speech Accent Archive. Fairfax, VA: George Mason University. http://accent.gmu.edu.
  • Wells, J. C. 1986. Accents of English 2: The British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Yook, C., and S. Lindemann. 2013. “The Role of Speaker Identification in Korean University Students’ Attitudes Towards Five Varieties of English.” Journal of Multilingual & Multicultural Development 34 (3): 279–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2012.734509.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.