9,598
Views
67
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Class, gender and the sweatshop: on the nexus between labour commodification and exploitation

Pages 1877-1900 | Received 29 Jan 2016, Accepted 15 Apr 2016, Published online: 15 Aug 2016

Bibliography

  • Abraham, Vinoj. “Missing Labour or Consistent ‘De-feminisation’?” Economic and Political Weekly 48, no. 31 (2013): 99–108.
  • AEPC. Indian Apparel Clusters. New Delhi: Apparel Export Promotion Council, 2009.
  • Arizpe, Lourdes, and Josefina Aranda. “The ‘Comparative Advantages’ of Women’s Disadvantages: Women Workers in the Strawberry Export Agribusiness in Mexico.” Signs 7, no. 2 (1981): 453–473.
  • Arnold, Dennis, and John Pickles. “Global Work, Surplus Labor, and the Precarious Economies of the Border.” Antipode 43, no. 5 (2011): 1598–1624.
  • Bair, Jennifer. “Global Capitalism and Commodity Chains: Looking Backward, Going Forward.” Competition and Change 9, no. 2 (2005): 163–180.
  • Bair, Jennifer. Frontiers of Commodity Chain Research. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2009.
  • Bair, Jennifer. “On Difference and Capital: Gender and the Globalization of Production.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 36, no. 1 (2010): 203–226.
  • Bales, Kevin. Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.
  • Banaji, Jairus. “The Fictions of Free Labour: Contract, Coercion, and So-called Unfree Labour.” Historical Materialism 11, no. 3 (2003): 69–95.
  • Banaji, Jairus. Theory as History: Essays on Modes of Production and Exploitation. Leiden: Brill, 2010.
  • Banerjee, Nirmala. “How Real is the Bogey of Feminisation?” In Gender and Employment in India, edited by TS Papola and Alakh Sharma, 299–317. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1999.
  • Barrientos, Stephanie. “Gender, Flexibility and Global Value Chains.” IDS Bulletin 32, no. 3 (2003): 83–93.
  • Barrientos, Stephanie, Catherine Dolan, and Anne Tallontire. “A Gendered Value Chain Approach to Codes of Conduct in African Horticulture.” World Development 31, no. 9 (2003): 1511–1526.
  • Barrientos Stephanie, Gary Gereffi, and Arianna Rossi. “Economic and Social Upgrading in Global Production Networks: A New Paradigm for a Changing World.” International Labour Review 150, nos. 3–4 (2011): 319–340.
  • Barrientos, Stephanie, Kanchan Mathur, and Atul Sood. “Decent Work in Global Production Networks.” In Labour in Global Production Networks in India, edited by Anne Posthuma and Dev Nathan, 127–145. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2010.
  • Bernstein, Henry. “Capital and Labour from Centre to Margins.” Keynote address at the conference, ‘Living on the Margins, Vulnerability, Exclusion and the State in the Informal Economy’, Cape Town, March 26–28, 2007. http://urbandevelopment.yolasite.com/resources/Capital%20and%20Labou%20in%20the%20Margin%20Bernstein.pdf.
  • Boserup, Ester. Women’s Role in Economic Development. London: Earthscan, 1989.
  • Breman, Jan. Footloose Labour: Working in India’s Informal Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
  • Breman, Jan. “Neobondage: A Fieldwork-based Account.” International Labor and Working-class History 78, no. 1 (2010): 48–62.
  • Breman, Jan. At Work in the Informal Economy of India: A Perspective from the Bottom-up. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2013.
  • Burawoy, Michael. “From Polanyi to Pollyanna: The False Optimism of Global Labour Studies.” Global Labour Journal 1, no. 2 (2010): 301–313.
  • Caraway, Teri L. “The Political Economy of Feminization: From ‘Cheap Labor’ to Gendered Discourses of Work.” Politics and Gender 3 (2005): 399–429.
  • Carswell, Grace, and Geert De Neve. “Labouring for Global Markets: Conceptualizing Labour Agency in Global Production Networks.” Geoforum 44, no. 1 (2013): 62–70.
  • Centre for Development Policy Research (CDPR). The Oppressive Labour Conditions of the Working Poor in the Peripheral Segments of India’s Garment Sector. Development Viewpoint 81. London: CDPR, SOAS, 2014. http://www.soas.ac.uk/cdpr/publications/dv/file93820.pdf.
  • Cerimele, Michela. “Informalising the Formal: Work Regimes and Dual Labour Dormitory Systems in Thang Long Industrial Park (Hanoi, Vietnam).” In A Place for Work: Small-scale Mobility in Southeast Asia, edited by Matteo Alcano and Silvia Vignato. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books, forthcoming.
  • Connell, R. W. Gender and Power. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1987.
  • Chan, Jenny, Pun Ngai, and Mark Selden. “The Politics of Global Production: Apple, Foxconn and China’s New Working Class.” New Technology, Work and Employment 28, no. 2 (2013): 100–115.
  • Chang, Grace. Disposable Domestics: Immigrant Women Workers in the Global Economy. Boston, MA: South End Press, 2000.
  • Chari, Sharad. Fraternal Capital: Peasant-workers, Self-made Men, and Globalization in Provincial India. New Delhi: Permanent Black, 2004.
  • Chari Sharad. “Fraternal Capital and the Feminisation of Labour in South India.” In The International Handbook of Gender and Poverty: Concepts, Research, Policy, edited by Sylvia Chant, 446–451. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Chhachhi, Amrita. “Introduction: The ‘Labour Question’ in Contemporary Capitalism.” Development and Change (special issue) 45, no. 5 (2014): 895–919.
  • Cividep, and SOMO. Richer Bosses, Poorer Workers: Bangalore’s Garment Industry. Joint Report. Amsterdam: SOMO, 2009.
  • Coe, Neil M., Peter Dicken, and Martin Hess. “Global Production Networks: Realizing the Potential.” Journal of Economic Geography 8 (2008): 271–295.
  • Crenshaw, Kimberlé. “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color.” Stanford Law Review 43, no. 6 (1991): 1241–1299.
  • De Neve, Geert. “Power, Inequality and Corporate Social Responsibility: The Politics of Ethical Compliance in the South Indian Garment Industry.” Economic and Political Weekly 44, no. 22 (2009): 63–71.
  • Denning, Michael. “Wageless Life.” New Left Review 66 (2010): 79–97.
  • Deshingkar, Priya. Extending Labour Inspections to the Informal Sector and Agriculture. Chronic Poverty Research Centre Working Paper 154. London: ODI, 2009.
  • Dunaway, Wilma A. Gendered Commodity Chains: Seeing Women’s Work and Households in Global Production. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2014.
  • Dunaway, Wilma A. “Through the Portal of the Household: Conceptualising Women’s Subsidies to Commodity Chains.” In Gendered Commodity Chains: Seeing Women’s Work and Households in Global Production, edited by Wilma A. Dunaway, 55–71. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2014.
  • Elson, Diane. “Nimble Fingers and Other Fables.” In Of Common Cloth: Women in the Global Textile Industry, edited by Wendy Enloe and Cynthia Chapkis, 5–14. Amsterdam: Transnational Institute, 1986.
  • Elson, Diane. “Labour Markets as Gendered Institutions: Equality, Efficiency and Empowerment Issues.” World Development 27, no. 3 (1999): 611–627.
  • Elson, Diane, and Ruth Pearson. “The Subordination of Women and the Internationalisation of Factory Production.” In Of Marriage and the Market: Women’s Subordination in International Perspective, edited by Kate Young, Carol Wolkowitz and Roslyn MacCullagh, 144–166. London: CSE Books, 1981.
  • Federici, Silvia. Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body and Primitive Accumulation. New York: Autonomedia, 2004.
  • Federici, Silvia. Revolution at Point Zero: Housework, Reproduction, and Feminist Struggle. New York: PM Press, 2012.
  • Fernandez, Leela. Producing Workers: The Politics of Gender, Class and Culture in the Calcutta Jute Mills. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997.
  • FLA and Solidaridad. Understanding the Characteristics of the Sumangali Scheme in Tamil Nadu Textile & Garment Industry & Supply Chain Linkages. 2012. http://www.fairlabor.org/sites/default/files/understanding_sumangali_tamil_nadu_0.pdf.
  • Folbre, Nancy. “Hearts and Spades: Paradigms of Household Economics.” World Development 14, no. 2 (1986): 245–255.
  • Ghosh, Jayati. Never Done and Poorly Paid: Women’s Work in Globalising India. New Delhi: Women Unlimited, 2009.
  • Goettfried, Heidi. “Reflections on Intersectionality: Gender, Class, Race and Nation.” ジェンダー研究 第11号 (2008) 23–40. Accessed April 4, 2016. http://www.igs.ocha.ac.jp/igs/IGS_publication/journal/11/jenda_2_heidi.pdf.
  • Harriss-White, Barbara, and Nandini Gooptu. “Mapping India’s World of Unorganized Labour.” Socialist Register 37 (2001): 89–118.
  • Hartmann, Heidi. “The Unhappy Marriage between Marxism and Feminism: Towards a More Progressive Union.” Capital & Class 3, no. 2 (1979): 1–33.
  • Harvey, David. “The ‘New’ Imperialism: Accumulation by Dispossession.” Socialist Register 40 (2004): 63–87.
  • Jenkins, Jean. “Organizing ‘Spaces of Hope’: Union Formation by Indian Garment Workers.” British Journal of Industrial Relations 51, no. 3 (2013): 623–643.
  • Joekes, Susan. “Bringing Gender Analysis into the Value Chain Approach.” Mimeo, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, 1999.
  • John, Mary E.. “The Problem of Women’s Labour: Some Autobiographical Perspectives.” Indian Journal of Gender Studies 20, no. 2 (2013): 177–212.
  • Kabeer, Naila. The Power to Choose: Bangladeshi Women and Labour Market Decisions in London and Dhaka. London: Verso, 2000.
  • Kabeer, Naila. Reversed Realities: Gender Hierarchies in Development Thought. London: Verso, 1994.
  • Kabeer, Naila, and Simeen Mahmud. “Rags, Riches and Women Workers: Export-oriented Garment Manufacturing in Bangladesh.” In Chains of Fortune: Linking Women Producers and Workers within Global Markets, edited by Marilyn Carr, 133–162. London: Commonwealth Secretariat, 2004.
  • Kalpagam, Uma. “Labour in Small Industry: The Case of the Garment Export Industry in Madras City.” In Labor & Gender: Survival in Urban India, edited by Uma Kalpagam, 155–192. New Delhi: Sage, 1994.
  • Kandiyoti, Deniz. “Bargaining with Patriarchy.” Gender and Society 2, no. 3 (1988): 274–290.
  • Kapadia, Karin. “Gender Ideologies and the Formation of Rural Industrial Classes in South India Today.” Contributions to Indian Sociology 33 (1999): 329–352.
  • Kelly, Philip F. “From Global Production Networks to Global Reproduction Networks: Households, Migration, and Regional Development in Cavite, the Philippines.” Regional Studies 43, no. 3 (2009): 449–461.
  • Kumar, Ashok. “Interwoven Threads: Building a Labour Countermovement in Bangalore’s Export-oriented Garment Industry.” CITY 18, no. 6 (2014): 789–807.
  • Lal, Tarsem. Diagnostic Study: Report and Action Plan for the Ready Made Garment Cluster, SISI Okhla. New Delhi: Cluster Development Executive Section, Government of India, 2004.
  • Lerche, Jens. “A Global Alliance against Forced Labour? Unfree Labour, Neo-liberal Globalisation and the International Labour Organisation.” Journal of Agrarian Change 7, no. 4 (2007): 425–452.
  • Lerche, Jens. “From ‘Rural Labour’ to ‘Classes of Labour’: Class Fragmentation, Caste and Class Struggle at the Bottom of the Indian Labour Hierarchy.” In The Comparative Political Economy of Development: Africa and South Asia, edited by Barbara Harriss-White and Judith Heyer, 67–87. London: Routledge, 2010.
  • Lyimo, Mahoo. Sexual Harassment: An Insight into the Indian Garment Industry. Bangalore: Cividep, 2010. http://cividep.org/backdoor/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Sexual-Harassment-Report-MahooLyimo-_Oct-2010.pdf.
  • Mazumdar, Indrani, and N. Neetha. “Gender Dimensions: Employment Trends in India, 1993–94/2009–10.” Economic and Political Weekly 46, no. 43 (2011): 118–126.
  • Mezzadri, Alessandra. “The Rise of Neoliberal Globalisation and the New Old Social Regulation of Labour: A Case of Delhi Garment Sector.” Indian Journal of Labour Economics 51, no. 4 (2008): 603–618.
  • Mezzadri, Alessandra. “Backshoring, Local Sweatshop Regimes and CSR in India.” Competition and Change 18, no. 4 (2014): 327–344.
  • Mezzadri, Alessandra. “Free to Stitch, or Starve: Capitalism and Unfreedom in the Global Garment Industry.” Open Democracy: Beyond Trafficking and Slavery. 2015. https://www.opendemocracy.net/beyondslavery/alessandra-mezzadri/free-to-stitch-or-starve-capitalism-and-unfreedom-in-global-garmen.
  • Mezzadri, Alessandra. Garment Sweatshop Regimes: The Informalisation of Social Responsibility over Health and Safety Provisions. Working Paper 30. London: CPDR, SOAS, 2015. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/19605/1/Mezzadri_WorkingPaper.pdf.
  • Mezzadri, Alessandra. “Globalisation, Informalisation and the State in the Indian Garment Industry.” International Review of Sociology 20, no. 3 (2010): 491–511.
  • Mezzadri, Alessandra. “Indian Garment Clusters and CSR Norms: Incompatible Agendas at the Bottom of the Garment Commodity Chain.” Oxford Development Studies 42, no. 2 (2014): 217–237.
  • Mezzadri, Alessandra. “Labour Regimes in the Garment Sector in India: Home-based Labour, Peripheral Labour.” In Labour Regimes in the Indian Garment Sector: Capital–Labour Relations, Social Reproduction and Labour Standards in the National Capital Region (NCR), report by Alessandra Mezzadri and Ravi Srivastava. London: CDPR, SOAS, 2015. https://www.soas.ac.uk/cdpr/publications/reports/file106927.pdf.
  • Mezzadri, Alessandra. “Reflections on Globalisation and Labour Standards in the Indian Garment Industry: Codes of Conduct versus ‘Codes of Practice’ imposed by the Firm.” Global Labour Journal 3, no. 1 (2012): 40–62.
  • Mezzadri, Alessandra, and Ravi Srivastava. Labour Regimes in the Indian Garment Sector: Capital-Labour Relations, Social Reproduction and Labour Standards in the National Capital Region (NCR). London: CDPR, SOAS, 2015.
  • Mies, Maria. The Lace Makers of Narsapur: Indian Housewives produce for the World Market. London: Zed, 1982.
  • Mies, Maria. Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale: Women in the International Division of Labour. London: Zed, 1986.
  • Mitchell, Katharyne, Sallie A. Marston, and Cindi Katz. “Life’s Work: An Introduction, Review, and Critique.” Antipode 35, no. 3 (2003): 415–442.
  • Mosse, David. “A Relational Approach to Durable Poverty, Inequality and Power.” Journal of Development Studies 46, no. 7 (2010): 1156–1178.
  • Pearson, Ruth, and Kyoko Kusakabe. Thailand’s Hidden Workforce: Burmese Migrant Women Factory Workers. London: Zed, 2012.
  • Phillips, Nicola. “Informality, Global Production Networks and the Dynamics of ‘Adverse Incorporation’.” Global Networks 11 (2011): 380–397.
  • Ngai, Pun. Made in China: Women Factory Workers in a Global Workplace. London: Duke University Press, 2005.
  • Ngai, Pun. “The Dormitory Labor Regime: Sites of Control and Resistance for Women Migrant Workers in South China.” Feminist Economics 13 (2007): 239–258.
  • Pun, Ngai, Aiyu Liu, and Huilin Lu. Final Report on Garment Sector of the Greater Shanghai Region. Mimeo, SOAS, London, 2015.
  • Raju, Saraswati. Gendered Geographies: Space and Place in South Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2011.
  • Raju, Saraswati. “The Material and the Symbolic: Intersectionalities of Home-based Work in India.” Economic and Political Weekly 48, no. 1 (2013): 60–68.
  • Ramamurthy, Priti. “Feminist Commodity Chain Analysis: A Framework to Conceptualise Value and Interpret Perplexity.” In Gendered Commodity Chains: Seeing Women’s Work and Households in Global Production, edited by Wilma A Dunaway, 38–54. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2014.
  • RoyChowdhury, Supriya. “Bringing Class Back In: Informality in Bangalore.” Socialist Register 51 (2015): 73–92.
  • RoyChowdhury, Supriya. “Labor Activism and Women in the Unorganized Sector, Garment Export Industry in Bangalore.” Economic and Political Weekly 40, nos. 22–23 (2005): 2250–2255.
  • Ruwanpura, Kanchana. “Women Workers in the Apparel Sector: A Three Decade (R)-evolution of Feminist Contributions?” Progress in Development Studies 11, no. 3 (2011): 197–209.
  • Ruwanpura, Kanchana. “Scripted Performances? Local Readings of ‘Global’ Health and Safety Standards: The Apparel Sector in Sri Lanka.” Global Labour Journal 4, no. 2 (2013): 88–108.
  • Salzinger, Leslie. Genders in Production. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.
  • Sassen, Saskia. “Counter-geographies of Globalization and the Feminization of Survival.” Journal of International Affairs 53, no. 2 (2000): 504–524.
  • Seguino, Stephanie. “Accounting for Gender in Asian Economic Growth.” Feminist Economics 6, no. 3 (2000): 27–58.
  • Selwyn, Benjamin. “Elite Development Theory: A Labour-centred Critique.” Third World Quarterly 37, no. 5 (2016): 781–799.
  • Selwyn, Benjamin. “Gender Wage Work and Development in North East Brazil.” Bulletin of Latin American Research 29, no. 1 (2010): 51–70.
  • Selwyn, Benjamin, and Satoshi Miyamura. “Class Struggle or Embedded Markets? Marx, Polanyi and the Meanings and Possibilities of Social Transformation.” New Political Economy 19, no. 5 (2014): 639–661.
  • Sen, Samita. “Beyond the ‘Working Class’: Women’s Role in Indian Industrialisation.” South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 22, no. 2 (1999): 95–117.
  • Sharma, Miriam. “Globalisation with a Female Face: Issues from South Asia.” Exploring Gender Relations: Colonial and Post-colonial India, edited by in Shakti Kak and Biswamoy Pati, 463–490. New Delhi: Nehru Memorial Museum and Library, 2005.
  • Silver, Beverly J. Forces of Labor, Workers’ Movements and Globalization since 1870. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
  • Singh, Navsharan, and Mrinalini Kaur Sapra. “Liberalisation in Trade and Finance: India’s Garment Sector.” In Trade Liberalisation and India’s Informal Economy, edited by Barbara Harriss-White and Anushree Sinha, 42–127. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2007.
  • SOMO and ICN. The Abuse of Girls and Women Workers in the South Indian Textile Industry. Amsterdam: SOMO/ICN, 2014.
  • Srivastava, Ravi. “Conceptualising Continuity and Change in Emerging Forms of Labour Bondage in India.” In India’s Unfree Workforce: Of Bondage Old and New, edited by Jan Breman, Isabelle Guérin and Aseem Prakash, 129–147. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2009.
  • Srivastava, Ravi. “Capital–Labour Relationships in Formal Sector Garment Manufacturing in the Delhi National Capital Region of India.” In Labour Regimes in the Indian Garment Sector: Capital–Labour Relations, Social Reproduction and Labour Standards in the National Capital Region (NCR), by Alessandra Mezzadri and Ravi Srivastava. London: CDPR, SOAS, 2015. https://www.soas.ac.uk/cdpr/publications/reports/file106927.pdf.
  • Standing, Guy. “Global Feminization through Flexible Labor: A Theme Revisited.” World Development 27, no. 3 (1999): 583–602.
  • Standing, Guy. “Understanding the Precariat through Labour and Work.” Development and Change 45, no. 5 (2014): 963–980.
  • Stewart, Frances. Horizontal Inequalities: A Neglected Dimension of Development. Working Paper 81. Oxford: Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford, 2002. http://www3.qeh.ox.ac.uk/pdf/qehwp/qehwps81.pdf.
  • Therborn, Goran. The Killing Fields of Inequality. Cambridge: Polity, 2013.
  • Tilly, Charles. Durable Inequality. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
  • Unni, Jeemol, and Suma Scaria. “Governance Structure and Labour Market Outcomes in Garment Embellishment Chains.” Indian Journal of Labour Economics 52, no. 4 (2009): 631–650.
  • Vogel, Lise. Marxism and the Oppression of Women: Toward a Unitary Theory. London: Pluto, 1983.
  • Wallis, Victor. “Intersectionality’s Binding Agent.” New Political Science 37, no. 4 (2015): 604–619.
  • Webster, Edward. “From Critical Sociology to Combat Sport? A Response to Michael Burawoy’s ‘From Polanyi to Pollyanna: The False Optimism of Global Labour Studies’.” Global Labour Journal 1, no. 3 (2010): 384–387.
  • Weeks, Kathi. The Problem with Work: Feminism, Marxism, Antiwork Politics and Postwork Imaginaries. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2011.
  • Weeks, Kathi. “Life within and against Work: Affective Labor, Feminist Critique, and Post-Fordist Politics.” Ephemera: Theory and Politics in Organization 7, no. 1 (2007): 233–249.
  • Wright, Melissa. Disposable Women and Other Myths of Global Capitalism. New York: Routledge, 2006.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.