471
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Ecology, security and international action: beyond sanctions on North Korea

&
Pages 2413-2433 | Received 02 Mar 2020, Accepted 28 Jun 2021, Published online: 30 Jul 2021

Bibliography

  • Allenby, Braden. “Environmental Security: Concept and Implementation.” International Political Science Review 21, no. 1 (2000): 5–21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512100211001.
  • Bechtol, Bruce E. Jr., “North Korean Illicit Activities and Sanctions: A National Security Dilemma.” Cornell International Law Journal 51 (2018): 57–99.
  • Birnie, Patricia, and Alan Boyle. International Law and the Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
  • Bojang, Foday. “Promoting Good Governance in Natural Resource Management in Africa.” Nature and Faune 27, no. 2 (2013): 1–84.
  • Buzan, Barry. People, States and Fear. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991.
  • Buzan, Barry, and Lene Hansen. The Evolution of International Security Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
  • Chu, Shulong. 2007. “The Security Challenges in Northeast Asia: A Chinese View.” East Asian Security: Two Views. Accessed December 20, 2017. http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/
  • Demick, Barbara. Nothing to Envy: Ordinary Lives in North Korea. New York: Spiegel and Grau, 2009.
  • Dijkstra, Hylke. “Collusion in International Organizations: How States Benefit from the Authority of Secretariats.” Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 23, no. 4 (2017): 601–618. doi:https://doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02304006.
  • Dinar, Shlomi. “Environmental Security.” In Global Environmental Politics, edited by Gabriela Kütting, 56–71. New York: Routledge, 2011.
  • Drezner, Daniel W. “Bargaining, Enforcement, and Multilateral Sanctions: When Is Cooperation Counterproductive?” International Organization 54, no. 1 (2000): 73–102. doi:https://doi.org/10.1162/002081800551127.
  • Gleditsch, Nils P. “Environmental Change, Security, and Conflict.” In Leashing the Dogs of War: Conflict Management in a Divided World, edited by Chester Crocker, Fen Osler Hampson, and Pamela Aall, 177–195. Washington: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2007.
  • Grauvogel, Julia, Amanda A. Licht, and Christian von Soest. “Sanctions and Signals: How International Sanction Threats Trigger Domestic Protest in Targeted Regimes.” International Studies Quarterly 61, no. 1 (2017): 86–97.
  • Grzelczyk, Virginie. North Korea’s New Diplomacy: Challenging Political Isolation in the 21st Century. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.
  • Gurtov, Mel. “Engaging Enemies: Fraught with Risk, Necessary for Peace.” Global Asia 8, no. 2 (2013): 8–19.
  • Habib, Benjamin. “Climate Change and Regime Perpetuation in North Korea.” Asian Survey 50, no. 2 (2010): 378–401. doi:https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2010.50.2.378.
  • Habib, Benjamin. “The Enforcement Problem in Resolution 2094 and the United Nations Security Council Sanctions Regime: Sanctioning North Korea.” Australian Journal of International Affairs 70, no. 1 (2016): 50–68. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2015.1095278.
  • Haggard, Stephan, and Marcus Noland. Hard Target: Sanctions, Inducements, and the Case of North Korea. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2017.
  • Haggard, Stephan, and Marcus Noland. Witness to Transformation: Refugee Insights into North Korea. Washington DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2011.
  • Hammond, Laura, and Hannah Vaughan-Lee. 2012. “Humanitarian Space in Somalia: A Scarce Commodity.” London: HPG Working Paper.
  • Harrell, Peter, and Juan Zarate. “How to Successfully Sanction North Korea: A Long-Term Strategy for Washington and Its Allies.” Foreign Affairs. Snapshot, January 3, 2018.
  • Hayes, Peter. “Sustainable Security in the Korean Peninsula: Envisioning a Northeast Asian Biodiversity Corridor.” The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus 8, no. 41 (2010): 1–25.
  • Hayes, Peter, and David von Hoppel. “Ecological Crisis and the Quality of Life in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.” In Understanding Regime Dynamics in North Korea, edited by Chung-In Moon, 249–291. Seoul: Yonsei University Press, 1998.
  • Helgesen, G., and N. H. Christensen. 2007. North Korea: Assisting Development and Change. Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies.
  • Hout, Wil. “Between Development and Security: The European Union, Governance and Fragile States.” Third World Quarterly 31, no. 1 (2010): 141–157. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590903557462.
  • Hufbauer, Gary Clyde, Jeffrey J. Schott, Kimberly Ann Elliott, and Barbara Oegg. Economic Sanctions Reconsidered. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: Peter G. Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2007.
  • Hulme, Karen. “Environmental Security: Implications for International Law.” Yearbook of International Environmental Law 19, no. 1 (2008): 3–26. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/yiel/19.1.3.
  • KDI (Korean Development Institute). “North Korean Environment: An Overview.” North Korean Economic Review March, (2018): 41–59.
  • KEI (Korea Environment Institute). North Korean Environmental Trends. Seoul: Project Report. December, 2019.
  • Kim, Youngjun. Origins of the North Korean Garrison State. New York: Routledge, 2017.
  • King, Katie, Naz K. Modirzadeh, and Dustin A. Lewis. 2016. “Understanding Humanitarian Exemptions: UN Security Council and Sanctions and Principled Humanitarian Action.” Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict Counterterrorism and Humanitarian Engagement Project. Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard. https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/29998395/Understanding_Humanitarian_Exemptions_April_2016.pdf?sequence=1 (Accessed December 15, 2020).
  • Knight, Alexander. “Global Environmental Threats: Can the Security Council Protect Earth?” New York University Law Review 80, no. 1549 (2005): 1549–1588.
  • Kütting, Gabriela. “Globalization, Poverty and the Environment in West Africa: Too Poor to Pollute?” Global Environmental Politics 3, no. 4 (2003): 42–60. doi:https://doi.org/10.1162/152638003322757925.
  • Lankov, Andrei. The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
  • Lockwood, Michael, Julie Davidson, Allan Curtis, Elaine Stratford, and Rod Griffith. “Governance Principles for Natural Resource Management.” Society & Natural Resources 23, no. 10 (2010): 986–1001. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920802178214.
  • Lynch, Cecelia, and Tanya B. Schwarz. “Humanitarianism’s Proselytism Problem.” International Studies Quarterly 60, no. 4 (2016): 636–646. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqw024
  • Lynch, Colum. “Washington Wants Pyongyang to Choose: Humanitarian Aid or Nukes.” Foreign Policy, December 12, 2018.
  • Macleod, Lisa. “China’s Security Council Engagement: The Impact of Normative and Causal Beliefs.” Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 23, no. 3 (2017): 383–401. doi:https://doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02303004.
  • Malone, Linda A. “Discussion in the Security Council on Environmental Intervention in the Ukraine.” Faculty Publications. The William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. Paper 598 (1994): 893–916.
  • McEachern, Patrick. Inside the Red Box: North Korea’s Post-Totalitarian Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.
  • Nay, Olivier. “International Organisations and the Production of Hegemonic Knowledge: How the World Bank and the OECD Helped Invent the Fragile State Concept.” Third World Quarterly 35, no. 2 (2014): 210–231. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.878128.
  • OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). Development Assistance and Approaches to Risk in Fragile and Conflict Affected States. Paris: OECD Publication, 2014.
  • OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas. Paris: OECD Publication, 2016.
  • OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). States of Fragility. Paris: OECD Publications, 2018.
  • Oudraat, Chantal de Jonge. 2007. “Economic Sanctions and International Peace and Security.” In Leashing the Dogs of War: Conflict Management in a Divided World, edited by Chester A. Crocker, Fen Osier Hampson, and Pamela Aall, 335–354. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2007.
  • Pape, Robert. “Why Economic Sanctions Do Not Work.” International Security 22, no. 2 (1997): 90–136. doi:https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.22.2.90.
  • Park, Bourdais, Jeong Won, and Jacquelin Suji Lee. “The Green Paradox: International Governmental Organization’s Environmental Aid and DPRK’s Green Structural Adjustment.” North Korean Review 16, no. 2 (2020): 49–74.
  • Peksen, Dursun. “Better or Worse? The Effect of Economic Sanctions on Human Rights.” Journal of Peace Research 46, no. 1 (2009): 59–77. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343308098404.
  • Penny, Christopher K. “Greening the Security Council: Climate Change as an Emerging ‘Threat to International Peace and Security.’” International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 7, no. 1 (2007): 35–71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-006-9029-8.
  • Sagar, Ambuj D., and Stacy D. VanDeveer. “Capacity Development for the Environment: Broadening the Scope.” Global Environmental Politics 5, no. 3 (2005): 14–22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1162/1526380054794844.
  • Sands, Philippe. Principles of International Environmental Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
  • Smith, Hazel. Hungry for Peace: International Security, Humanitarian Assistance and Social Change in North Korea. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2005.
  • Smith, Hazel. “The Ethics of United Nations Sanctions on North Korea: Effectiveness, Necessity and Proportionality.” Critical Asian Studies 52, no. 2 (2020): 122–182. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2020.1757479.
  • Trombetta, Maria Julia. “Environmental Security and Climate Change: Analysing the Discourse.” Cambridge Review of International Affairs 21, no. 4 (2008): 585–602. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09557570802452920.
  • UNEP (United Nations Environmental Programme). From Conflict to Peacebuilding: The Role of Natural Resources and the Environment. Nairobi: UNEP Publication, 2009.
  • UNEP (United Nations Environmental Programme). Strategic Report: Environment, Peace and Security: A Convergence of Threats. Nairobi: UNEP Publication, 2016.
  • UN GA (United Nations General Assembly). 2015. Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. UN Doc A/RES/70/1. New York: UN. Accessed October 25, 2020. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.pdf.
  • Upadhyay, Santosh. “Armed Conflict and the Environment.” Yearbook of International Environmental Law 28 (2017): 115–119. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvy035.
  • US OFAC (US Office of Foreign Assets Control). 2020. Sanctions Programs and Country Information. US Department of the Treasury. Accessed December 15, 2020. https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/sanctions-programs-and-country-information.
  • WHO (World Health Organization). World Health Statistics 2019: Monitoring Health for the SDGs. Geneva: WHO, 2019.
  • Winkler, Adam. “Just Sanctions.” Human Rights Quarterly 21, no. 1 (1999): 133–155. doi:https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.1999.0014.
  • Winstanley-Chesters, Robert. Environment, Politics, and Ideology in North Korea: Landscape as Political Project. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2014.
  • Winstanley-Chesters, Robert. “From Dialectic of Nature to the Asian Mode: A Prehistory of North Korean Environmental Approach.” Capitalism Nature Socialism 27, no. 3 (2016): 46–63. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10455752.2016.1189944.
  • Woo-Cummings, Meredith. “The Political Ecology of Famine: The North Korean Catastrophe and Its Lessons.” Asia Development Bank Research Paper Series 31 (2002): 1–51.
  • Wood, Reed M. “A Hand upon the Throat of the Nation: Economic Sanctions and State Repression 1976-2001.” International Studies Quarterly 52, no. 3 (2008): 489–513. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2008.00512.x.
  • The World Bank. Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report. The World Bank, IEA, IRENA, UN Statistics, and WHO, Washington DC., 2020.
  • Zadeh-Cummings, Nazanin, and Lauren Harris. “The Impact of Sanctions against North Korea on Humanitarian Aid.” Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 2, no. 1 (2020): 44–52. doi:https://doi.org/10.7227/JHA.033.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.