2,498
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
On law-enforcers and ordinary people

Young people’s everyday pathways into drug harms in Shan State, Myanmar

ORCID Icon, , , &
Pages 2712-2730 | Received 06 Apr 2021, Accepted 13 Jun 2022, Published online: 01 Jul 2022

Bibliography

  • Bourgois, P. 1995. In Search of Respect. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cohen, A. 2014. “Crazy for Ya Ba: Methamphetamine Use among Northern Thai Youth.” International Journal of Drug Policy 25 (4): 776–782. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.06.005.
  • Cramer, C. 2002. “Homo Economicus Goes to War: Methodological Individualism, Rational Choice and the Political Economy of War.” World Development 30 (11): 1845–1864. doi:10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00120-1.
  • Dan, S. L., J. H. Maran, M. Sadan, P. Meehan, and J. Goodhand. 2021. “The Pat Jasan Drug Eradication Social Movement in Northern Myanmar: Origins & Reactions.” International Journal of Drug Policy 89: 103181. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103181.
  • DPAG. 2017. Addressing Drug Problems in Myanmar: 5 Key Interventions That Can Make a Difference. Yangon: Drug Policy Advocacy Group.
  • Duff, C. 2007. “Towards a Theory of Drug Use Contexts: Space, Embodiment and Practice.” Addiction Research & Theory 15 (5): 503–519. doi:10.1080/16066350601165448.
  • Fitzgerald, J. 2009. “Mapping the Experience of Drug Dealing Risk Environments: An Ethnographic Case Study.” The International Journal on Drug Policy 20 (3): 261–269. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2008.10.002.
  • Giddens, A. 1991. Modernity and Self Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Government of Myanmar. 2017a. The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Thematic Report on Children and Youth Census Report Volume 4-M. Nay Pyi Taw: Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population.
  • Government of Myanmar. 2017b. The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census: Taunggyi Township Report. Nay Pyi Taw: Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population.
  • Hardon, A., and T. Hymans. 2014. “Ethnographies of Youth Drug Use in Asia.” The International Journal on Drug Policy 25 (4): 749–754.
  • Hardon, A., and N. I. Idrus. 2014. “On Coba and Cocok: Youth-Led Drug-Experimentation in Eastern Indonesia.” Anthropology & Medicine 21 (2): 217–229. doi:10.1080/13648470.2014.927417.
  • Hayden, M., and R. Martin. 2013. “Recovery of the Education System in Myanmar.” Journal of International and Comparative Education 2 (2): 47–57. doi:10.14425/00.50.28.
  • Hedström, J. 2021. “On Violence, the Everyday, and Social Reproduction: Agnes and Myanmar’s Transition.” Peacebuilding 9 (4): 316–371. doi:10.1080/21647259.2021.1881329.
  • Hedström, J., and E. Olivius. 2020. “Insecurity, Dispossession, Depletion: Women’s Experiences of Post-War Development in Myanmar.” The European Journal of Development Research 32 (2): 379–403. doi:10.1057/s41287-020-00255-2.
  • Htun, K. M., 2018. Living with Opium: Livelihood Strategies among Rural Highlanders in Southern Shan State, Myanmar. Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai University Press.
  • ICG. 2019. Fire and Ice: Conflict and Drugs in Myanmar’s Shan State. Brussels: International Crisis Group.
  • IDPC. 2019. 10 Years of Drug Policy in Asia: How Far Have We Come? A Civil Society Shadow Report. London: International Drug Policy Consortium.
  • Katz, J. 2002. “Start Here: Social Ontology and Research Strategy.” Theoretical Criminology 6 (3): 255–278. doi:10.1177/136248060200600302.
  • Kelly, P. 2007. “Governing Individualized Risk Biographies: New Class Intellectuals and the Problem of Youth at-Risk.” British Journal of Sociology of Education 28 (1): 39–53. doi:10.1080/01425690600996618.
  • Kyed, H., ed. 2020. Everyday Justice in Myanmar: Informal Resolutions and State Evasion in a Time of Contested Transition. Copenhagen: NIAS Press.
  • Lasco, G. 2014. “Pampagilas: Methamphetamine in the Everyday Economic Lives of Underclass Male Youths in a Philippine Port.” International Journal of Drug Policy 25 (4): 783–788. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.06.011.
  • Lasco, G. 2020. “Drugs and Drug Wars as Populist Tropes in Asia: Illustrative Examples and Implications for Drug Policy.” International Journal of Drug Policy 77: 102668. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102668.
  • Lefebvre, H. 1947, 1961, 1981. The Critique of Everyday Life, 3 Vols. English translations, London: Verso, 1991, 2002, 2005.
  • Lim, J., and T. Kim. 2021. “Bringing Drugs into Light: Embedded Governance and Opium Production in Myanmar’s Shan State.” Oxford Development Studies 49 (2): 105–118. doi:10.1080/13600818.2020.1867088.
  • Lin, S., and Y. A. Zhang. 2014. “Risk Control and Rational Recreation: A Qualitative Analysis of Synthetic Drug Use among Young Urbanites in China.” The International Journal on Drug Policy 25 (4): 769–775. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.06.008.
  • Lintner, B. 1999. Burma in Revolt: Opium and Insurgency since 1948. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books.
  • Liu, S.-h. 2011. Passage to Manhood: Youth Migration, Heroin, and AIDS in Southwest China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Ludtke, A., ed. 1995. The History of Everyday Life: Reconstructing Historical Experiences and Ways of Life. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Meehan, P. 2021. “Precarity, Poverty and Poppy: Encountering Development in the Uplands of Shan State, Myanmar.” International Journal of Drug Policy 89: 103064. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.103064.
  • Nasir, S., and D. Rosenthal. 2009. “The Social Context of Initiation into Injecting Drugs in the Slums of Makassar, Indonesia.” The International Journal on Drug Policy 20 (3): 237–243.
  • Pilkington, H. 2007. “Beyond ‘Peer Pressure’: Rethinking Drug Use and ‘Youth Culture’.” The International Journal on Drug Policy 18 (3): 213–224. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.08.003.
  • Rhodes, T. 2009. “Risk Environments and Drug Harms: A Social Science for Harm Reduction Approach.” The International Journal on Drug Policy 20 (3): 193–201. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2008.10.003.
  • Sadan, M., ed. 2016. War and Peace in the Borderlands of Myanmar: The Kachin Ceasefire, 1994–2011. Copenhagen: NIAS Press.
  • Scheper-Hughes, N. 1992. Death without Weeping: The Violence of Everyday Life in Brazil. London: University of California Press.
  • SHAN. 2006. Hand in Glove: The Burma Army and the Drug Trade in Shan State. Chiang Mai: Shan Herald Agency for News.
  • Singer, M. 2004. “The Social Origins and Expressions of Illness.” British Medical Bulletin 69: 9–19.
  • Su Myat, M., and M. Ye. 2019. “Drug Cases and the Stench of Dirty Money.” Frontier, 28 January 2019.
  • Thawnghmung, A. M. 2019. Everyday Economic Survival in Myanmar. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
  • Trentmann, F. 2012. “The Politics of Everyday Life.” In The Oxford Handbook of the History of Consumption, edited by F. Trentmann. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Withers, G., and M. Batten. 1995. Programs for at‐Risk Youth: A Review of the American, Canadian and British Literature since 1984. Camberwell: The Australian Council for Educational Research Ltd.
  • Wood, G. 2003. “Staying Secure, Staying Poor: The "Faustian Bargain”.” World Development 31 (3): 455–471. doi:10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00213-9.
  • Yawnghwe, C.-T. 1993. “The Political Economy of the Opium Trade: Implications for Shan State.” Journal of Contemporary Asia 23 (3): 306–326. doi:10.1080/00472339380000181.
  • Zoccatelli, G. 2014. “‘It Was Fun, It Was Dangerous’: Heroin, Young Urbanities and Opening Reforms in China’s Borderlands.” International Journal of Drug Policy 25 (4): 762–768. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.06.004.