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Original Articles

Beyond electoralism in El Salvador: Conflict resolution through negotiated compromise

Pages 75-93 | Published online: 15 Nov 2007

Notes

  • Dunkerley , J . 1988 . Power in the Isthmus. A Political History of Modern Central America , 341 – 81 . London : Verso .
  • Baloyra , Enrique . 1982 . El Salvador in Transition , Chapel Hill , NC : University of North Carolina .
  • Trimberger , E K . 1978 . Revolution from Above: Military Bureaucrats and Development in Japan, Turkey, Egypt and Peru , New Brunswick , NJ : Transaction Books .
  • Karl , Terry Lynn . 1986 . “ ‘Imposing Consent? Electoralism vs. Democratization in El Salvador’ ” . In Elections and Democratization in Latin America, 1980–85 , Edited by: Drake , Paul and Silva , Eduardo . 13 San Diego : CILAS/Center for U.S.‐Mexican Studies/IOA .
  • Herman , E S and Brodhead , F . 1984 . Demonstration Elections: U.S.‐Staged Elections in the Dominican Republic, Vietnam, and El Salvador , Boston : South End Press .
  • Garcia , J Z . 1989 . “ ‘El Salvador. Recent Elections in Historical Perspective’ ” . In Elections and Democracy in Central America , Edited by: Booth , John and Seligson , Mitchell . 60 – 92 . Chapel Hill , NC : The University of North Carolina Press .
  • Carothers , Thomas . 1991 . In the Name of Democracy. U.S. Policy Toward Latin America in the Reagan Years , Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Pastor , Robert A. 1992 . Whirlpool. U.S. Foreign Policy toward Latin America and the Caribbean , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Dunkerley . Power in the Isthmus 317 – 18 .
  • Karl , Terry . 1985 . ‘After La Palma The Prospects for Democratization in El Salvador’ . World Policy Journal , Spring
  • Karl . 1986 . “ ‘Regional Powers and Central American Peace Mexico, Venezuela, and the Contadora Initiative’ ” . In Confronting Revolution: Security through Diplomacy in Central America , Edited by: Blachman , Morris , LeoGrande , William and Sharpe , Kenneth . New York : Pantheon .
  • Latin American Studies Association . 1988 . ‘Extraordinary Opportunities ... and New Risks. Final Report of the LASA Commission on Compliance with the Central America Peace Accord’ . LASA Forum XIX ,
  • Goodfellow , William and Morrell , James . 1992 . “ ‘Esquipulas Politicians in Command’ ” . In Political Parties and Democracy in Central America , Edited by: Goodman , Louis W. , LeoGrande , William M. and Forman , Johanna Mendelson . Boulder , Col. : Westview Press .
  • Eguizibal , Cristina . “ ‘Parties, Programs, and Politics in El Salvador’ ” . In Political Parties and Democracy in Central America Edited by: Goodman , LeoGrande and Forman . 146 – 47 . op. cit.
  • Wolf , Daniel . 1992 . ‘ARENA in the Arena: Factors in the Accommodation of the Salvadoran Right to Pluralism and the Broadening of the Political System’ . LASA Forum XXIII , : 10 – 18 .
  • Adams , Jan S. 1992 . A Foreign Policy in Transition. Moscow's Retreat from Central America and the Caribbean, 1985–1992 , Durham , NC : Duke University Press .
  • Karl , Terry . 1992 . ‘El Salvador's Negotiated Revolution’ . Foreign Affairs , 71 (2) : 148 – 52 .
  • LeoGrande , William M. 1992 . “ ‘After the Battle of San Salvador’ ” . In Understanding the Central American Crisis , Edited by: Coleman , Kenneth M. and Herring , George C. 111 – 38 . Wilmington , DE : Scholarly Resources, Inc. .
  • Karl . “ ‘El Salvador's Negotiated Revolution’ ” . 156
  • Uhlig , M . 1991 . ‘Salvadorans in Accord on Army Cuts’ . The New York Times , 29 April
  • 1991 . “ ‘Acuerdos de Nueva York’ ” . In Revista del Pensamiento Centroamericano No 212 74 – 78 .
  • 1992 . “ ‘Acuerdos de paz de Chapultepec’ ” . In Revista del Pensamiento Centroamericano No 214 32 – 82 .
  • 1992 . ‘Salvadoran adversaries hold love‐in’ . Chicago Tribune , 2 February
  • 1992 . “Truth” and the “Ad Hoc” Commissions Threatened by Structural Limitations’ . Central America Report , 22 May
  • Golden , T . 1992 . ‘Salvador Skeletons Confirm Reports of Massacre in 1981’ . New York Times , 20 October
  • Golden , T . 1992 . ‘Salvadoran Leader Suspends Military Cutbacks When Rebels Balk’ . New York Times , 29 October
  • Kumar , Chetan and Munck , Gerardo . 1992 . ‘Civil Conflict Resolution Through International Intervention: A Comparative Study of Cambodia and El Salvador’ . 1992 Annual Meeting, International Studies Association‐Midwest . November 20–21 1992 . Michigan State University .
  • Mainwaring , Scott , O'Donnell , Guillermo and Valenzuela , J. Samuel , eds. 1992 . Issues in Democratic Consolidation: The New South American Democracies in Comparative Perspective , South Bend , IN : University of Notre Dame Press .
  • Chernick , Mark . 1988–89 . ‘Negotiated Settlement to Armed Conflict: Lessons from the Colombian Peace Process’ . Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs , Winter : 53 – 82 .
  • Ellner , Steve . 1988 . Venezuela's Movimiento al Socialismo: From Guerilla Defeat to Innovative Politics , Durham , NC : Duke University Press .
  • Peeler , James . 1985 . Latin American Democracies: Colombia, Costa Rica, Venezuela , Chapel Hill , NC : University of North Carolina .
  • Shugart , Matthew . 1992 . ‘Guerrillas and Elections: An Institutionalist Perspective on the Costs of Conflict and Competition’ . International Studies Quarterly , 36 (2) : 121 – 52 .
  • 1992 . ‘FMLN Close on ARENA'S Heel’ . Central America Report , 14 August
  • 1992 . ‘FMLN Sworn in an Political Party’ . Central America Report , 25 September
  • the ECLA report . 1992 . ‘Family Remittances: Pillars of the Survival Economy’ . Central America Report , 27 March
  • Goodwin , Jeff and Skocpol , Theda . 1989 . ‘Explaining Revolutions in the Contemporary Third World’ . Politics and Society , 17 (4) : 489 – 509 .
  • Wickham‐Crowley , Timothy P . 1989 . ‘Understanding Failed Revolution in El Salvador: A Comparative Analysis of Regime Types and Social Structures’ . Politics and Society , 17 (4) : 511 – 37 .
  • O'Donnell , Guillermo and Schmitter , Philippe . 1986 . Transitions from Authoritarian Rule. Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies , Baltimore , MD : The Johns Hopkins University Press .
  • Bermeo , Nancy . 1992 . ‘Democracy and the Lessons of Dictatorship’ . Comparative Politics , 24 (3) : 273 – 91 .
  • O'Donnell and Schmitter . Transitions from Authoritarian Rule , 18
  • Whitehead , Laurence . 1991 . “ ‘The Imposition of Democracy’ ” . In Exporting Democracy. The United States and Latin America , Edited by: Lowenthal , Abraham . Baltimore , MD : The Johns Hopkins University Press .
  • Baloyra . 1992 . ‘Salvaging El Salvador’ . Journal of Democracy , 3 (2) : 70 – 80 .

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