Notes
- Cohen , David W. and Greene , Jack P. , eds. 1972 . Neither Slave Nor Free: The Freedmen of African Descent in the Slave Societies of the New World Baltimore
- Tannenbaum , Frank . 1947 . Slave and Citizen: The Negro in the Americas New York
- Handler , Jerome S. 1974 . The Unappropriated People: Freedmen in the Slave Society of Barbados Baltimore
- Heuman , Gad . 1981 . Between Black and White: Race, Politics, and the Free Coloreds in Jamaica. 1792–1865 Westport, CT
- Cox , Edward L. 1984 . Free Coloreds in the Slave Societies of St. Kitts and Grenada, 1763–1833 Knoxville
- Hunefeldt , Christine . 1994 . Paying the Price of Freedom: Family and Labor Among Lima's Slaves, 1800–1854 Berkeley
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