- BERECHMAN , J. 1993 . Public Transit Economics and Deregulation Policy , Amsterdam : North-Holland .
- BHATTACHARYYA , A. , KUMBHAKAR , S. and BHATTACHARYYA , A. 1995 . Ownership structure and cost efficiency: a study of publicly owned passenger-bus transportation companies in India . Journal of Productivity Analysis , 6 : 47 – 61 .
- BUTTON , K. and COSTA , A. 1999 . Economic efficiency gains from urban public transport regulatory reform: two case studies of changes in Europe . Annals of Regional Science , 33 : 425 – 438 .
- CHANG , K.-P. and KAO , P.-H. 1992 . The relative efficiency of public versus private municipal bus firms: an application of data envelopment analysis . Journal of Productivity Analysis , 3 : 67 – 84 .
- CHU , X , FIELDING , G. and LAMAR , B. 1992 . Measuring transit performance using data envelopment analysis . Transportation Research , 26A : 223 – 230 .
- COSTA , A. 1998 . “ Public transport efficiency and effectiveness: Metro de Madrid ” . In Transport Networks in Europe: Concepts, Analysis and Policies , Edited by: Button , K. , Nijkamp , P. and Priemus , H. 248 – 264 . Cheltenham : Elgar .
- COSTA , A. and MARKELLOS , R. N. 1997 . Evaluating public transport efficiency with neural network models . Transportation Research , 5C : 301 – 312 .
- COWIE , J. and ASENOVA , D. 1999 . Organisation form, scale effects and efficiency in the British bus industry . Transportation , 26 : 231 – 248 .
- DE BORGER , B. 1993 . The economic environment and public enterprise behaviour Belgian railroads, 1950-1986 . Economica , 60 : 443 – 463 .
- DE BORGER , B. and KERSTENS , K. 2000 . “ The performance of bus transit operators ” . In Handbooks in Transport--Handbook I: Transport Modelling , Edited by: Hensher , D. and Button , K. 577 – 595 . New York : Pergamon .
- DE JONG , G. and CHEUNG , F. Stochastic frontier models for public transport . World Transport Research: Selected Proceedings of the 8th World Conference on Transport Research, vol. 1: Transport Modes and Systems . Edited by: Meersman , H. , Van De Voorde , E. and Winkelmans , W. vol. 1 , pp. 373 – 386 . New York : Pergamon .
- DELHAUSSE , B. , PERELMAN , S. and THIRY , B. 1992 . Substituabilité partielle des facteurs et efficacité-coût: !'example des transports urbain et vicinal Belges . Economie et Prévision , 32 : 105 – 115 .
- FARE , R. , GROSSKOPF , S. and LOVELL , C. A. K. 1994 . Production Frontiers , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- FARRELL , M. 1957 . The measurement of productive efficiency . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society , 120 : 253 – 281 .
- FAZIOLI , R. , FILIPPINI , M. and PRIONI , P. 1993 . Cost-structure and efficiency of local public transport the case of Emilia Romagna bus companies . International Journal of Transport Economics , 20 : 305 – 324 .
- FIUPPINI , M. , MAGGI , R. and PRIONL , P. 1992 . Inefficiency in a regulated industry: the case of Swiss regional bus companies . Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics , 63 : 437 – 55 .
- FØRSUND , F. 1992 . A comparison of parametric and non-parametric measures: the case of Norwegian ferries . Journal of Productivity Analysis , 3 : 25 – 44 .
- GATHON , H.-J. 1989 . Indicators of partial productivity and technical efficiency in the European urban transit sector . Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics , 60 : 43 – 59 .
- GLAISTER , S. 1997 . “ Deregulation and privatisation: British experience ” . In Recent Developments in Transport Economics , Edited by: De Rus , G. and Nash , C. 135 – 197 . Aldershot : Ashgate .
- GLAISTER , S. , STARKIE , D. and THOMPSON , D. 1990 . The assessment economic policy for transport . Oxford Review of Economic Policy , 6 : 1 – 21 .
- GOOD , D. , NADIRI , M. , ROLLER , L.-H. and SICKLES , R. 1993 . Efficiency and productivity growth comparisions of European and US air carriers: a first look at the data . Journal of Productivity Analysis , 4 : 115 – 125 .
- GREENE , W. 1997 . “ Frontier production functions ” . In Handbook of Applied Econometrics, vol. II: Microeconomics , Edited by: Pesaran , M. H. and Wickens , M. R. vol. II , 81 – 166 . Oxford : Blackwell .
- GROSSKOPF , S. 1996 . Statistical inference and non-parametric efficiency: a selective survey . Journal of Productivity Analysis , 7 : 161 – 176 .
- HANUSCH , H. and CANTNER , U. 1991 . Produktion öffentlicher leistungeru Effizienz und technischer fortschritt . Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik , 208 : 369 – 384 .
- JARA DtAZ , S. R. 1982 . The estimation of transport cost functions: a methodological review . Transport Reviews , 2 : 257 – 278 .
- KERSTENS , K. 1996 . Technical efficiency measurement and explanation of French urban transit companies . Transportation Research , 30A : 431 – 452 .
- KERSTENS , K. 1999 . Decomposing technical efficiency and effectiveness of French urban transport . Annales d'Economie et de Statistique , 54 : 129 – 155 .
- KERSTENS , K. and VANDEN EECKAUT , P. 1995 . The economic cost of subsidy-induced technical inefficiency: a methodological postscript . International Journal of Transport Economics , 22 : 225 – 229 .
- KUMBHAKAR , S. and BHATTACHARYYA , A. 1996 . Productivity growth in passenger-bus transportation: a heteroskedastic error component model with unbalanced panel data . Empirical Economics , 21 : 557 – 573 .
- LEVAGGI , R. 1994 . Parametric and non-parametric approach to efficiency: the case of urban transport in Italy . Studi Economici , 49 : 67 – 88 .
- LIJESEN , M. 1998 . “ Analyzing cost structures of public sector activities, with an application to regional public transport ” . In Performance Budgeting: A Perspective on Modelling and Strategic Planning in the Public Sector in Holland , Edited by: de Graan , G. B. K. and Volmer , F. G. 178 – 187 . Delft : Eburon .
- LOVELL , C. A. K. 1993 . “ Production frontiers and productive efficiency ” . In The Measurement of Productive Efficiency: Techniques and Applications , Edited by: Fried , H. , Lovell , C. A. K. and Schmidt , S. 3 – 67 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
- LOIZIDES , I. and GIAHALIS , B. 1995 . The performance of public enterprises: a case of the Greek railway organization . International Journal of Transport Economics , 22 : 283 – 306 .
- MACKIE , P. , PRESTON , J. and NASH , C. 1995 . Bus deregulation: ten years on . Transport Reviews , 15 : 229 – 252 .
- MARCHAND , M. , PESTIEAU , P. and Tulkens , H. 1984 . “ The performance of public enterprises Normative, positive and empirical issues ” . In The Performance of Public Enterprises: Concepts and Measurement , Edited by: Marchand , M. , Pestieau , P. and Tulkens , H. 3 – 42 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
- MATAS , A. and RAYMOND , J.-L. 1998 . Technical characteristics and efficiency of urban bus companies: the case of Spain . Transportation , 25 : 243 – 263 .
- NOLAN , J. F. 1996 . Determinants of productive efficiency in urban transit . Logistics and Transportation Review , 32 : 319 – 342 .
- NOLAN , J. F. , RFTCHIE , P. C. and ROWCROFT , J. E. 2001 . Identifying and measuring public policy goals: ISTEA and the US bus transit industry . Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization , (forthcoming)
- NOLLET , C. , THIRY , B. and TULKENS , H. 1988 . “ Mesure de l'efficacité productive: application a Ia société de transports intercommunaux de Bruxelles ” . In La Performance Economique des Sociétés Belges de Transport Urbains , Edited by: Thiry , B. and Tulkens , H. 137 – 170 . Charlerloi : CIRIEC .
- OBENG , K. 1994 . The economic cost of subsidy-induced technical inefficiency . International Journal of Transport Economics , 21 : 3 – 20 .
- OBENG , K. 1995 . The economic cost of subsidy-induced technical inefficiency: a reply . International Journal of Transport Economics , 22 : 231 – 236 .
- OUM , T. H. , THRETHEWAY , M. and WATERS , W. G. II . 1992 . Concepts, methods and purposes of productivity measurement in transportation . Transportation Research , 26A : 493 – 505 .
- OUM , T. H. and WATERS , W. G. II . 1996 . A survey of recent developments in transportation cost function research . Logistics and Transportation Review , 32 : 423 – 463 .
- OUM , T. H. , WATERS , W. G. II and Yu , C . 1999 . A survey of productivity and efficiency measurement in rail transport . Journal of Transport Economics and Policy , 33 : 9 – 42 .
- PERRY , J. , BABITSKY , T. and GREGERSEN , H. 1988 . Organizational form and performance in urban mass transit . Transport Reviews , 8 : 125 – 143 .
- PESTIEAU , P. and TULKENS , H. 1993 . Assessing and explaining the performance of public enterprises . Finanzarchiv , 50 : 293 – 323 .
- PUCHER , J. 1988 . Urban public transport subsidies in Western Europe and North America . Transportation Quarterly , 42 : 377 – 402 .
- REES , R. 1984 . Public Enterprise Economics, 2nd edn , London : Weidenfeld & Nicholson .
- SAKANO , R. and OBENG , K. 1995 . Re-examination of inefficiencies in urban transit systems: a stochastic frontier approach . Logistics and Transportation Review , 31 : 377 – 392 .
- SAKANO , R. , OBENG , K. and AZAM , G. 1997 . Subsidies and inefficiency: stochastic frontier approach . Contemporary Economic Policy , 15 : 113 – 127 .
- SCHINNAR , A. 1993 . “ Tradeoffs between efficiency and effectiveness in management of public services ” . In Creative and Innovative Approaches to the Science of Management , Edited by: Ijiri , Y. 177 – 190 . Westport : Quorum .
- SPADY , R. and FRIEDLAENDER , A. 1978 . Hedonic cost functions for the regulated trucking industry . Bell Journal of Economics , 9 : 159 – 179 .
- THIRY , B. and TULKENS , H. 1992 . Allowing for inefficiency in parametric estimation of production functions for urban transit firms . Journal of Productivity Analysis , 3 : 45 – 65 .
- TONE , K. and SAWADA , T. 1990 . “ An efficiency analysis of public vs. private bus transportation enterprises ” . In Operational Research '90 , Edited by: Bradley , H. 357 – 365 . New York : Pergamon .
- TULKENS , H. 1993 . On FDH efficiency analysis: Some methodological issues and applications to retail banking, courts, and urban transit . Journal of Productivity Analysis , 4 : 183 – 210 .
- TULKENS , H. , THIRY , B. and PALM , A. 1988 . “ Mesure de l'efficacité productive: methodologies et applications aux sociétés de transports intercommunaux de Liège, Charlerloi et Verviers ” . In La Performance Economique des Sociétés Belges de Transport Urbains , Edited by: Thiry , B. and Tulkens , H. 81 – 136 . Charlerloi : CIRIEC .
- TULKENS , H. and VANDEN EECKAUT , P. 1995 . Non-frontier measures of efficiency, progress and regress for time series data . International Journal of Production Economics , 39 : 83 – 97 .
- TULKENS , H. and WUNSCH , P. 1994 . Les performance économiques de la STIB au mois le mois . Revue Suisse d'Économie Politique et de Statistique , 130 : 627 – 646 .
- VITON , P. 1986 . The question of efficiency in urban bus transportation . Journal of Regional Science , 26 : 499 – 513 .
- VITON , P. 1992 . Consolidations of scale and scope in urban transit . Regional Science and Urban Economics , 22 : 25 – 49 .
- VITON , P. 1993 . How big should transit be? Evidence from the San Francisco bay area . Transportation , 20 : 35 – 57 .
- VITON , P. 1997 . Technical efficiency in multimode bus transit a production frontier analysis . Transportation Research , 31B : 23 – 39 .
- VITON , P. 1998 . Changes in multimode bus transit efficiency, 1988-1992 . Transportation , 25 : 1 – 21 .
- WUNSCH , P. 1994 . Costing Busses: Back to the Basics , Brussels : FUSL . (SMASH Cahier 9405)
- WUNSCH , P. 1996 . Cost and productivity of major urban transit systems in Europe: an exploratory analysis . Journal of Transport Economics and Policy , 30 : 171 – 186 .
Public transit performance: What does one learn from frontier studies?
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.