Walking for transportation in large Latin American cities: walking-only trips and total walking events and their sociodemographic correlates

References

• WHO. (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• UITP International Association of Public Transport. (2011). Report on statistical indicators ofpublic transport performance in Africa. Technnical Report Version 1.3.
   Google Scholar
• OICA. (2015). World Vehicles in Use 2005-2015. http://www.oica.net/category/vehicles-in-use/
   Google Scholar
• WHO. (2016). Prevalence of insufficient physical activity among adults. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893?lang=en
   Google Scholar
• Agarwal, A. (2004). A comparison of weekend and weekday travel behavior characteristics in urban areas. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Master of.
   Google Scholar
• Agrawal, A. W., & Schimek, P. (2007). Extent and correlates of walking in the USA. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 12(8), 548–563. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2007.07.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguilar-Farias, N., Martino-Fuentealba, P., Carcamo-Oyarzun, J., Cortinez-O’Ryan, A., Cristi-Montero, C., Oetinger, A. V., & Sadarangani, K. P. (2018). A regional vision of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and physical education in adolescents from Latin America and the Caribbean: Results from 26 countries. International Journal of Epidemiology, 47(3), 976–986. doi:10.1093/ije/dyy033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allport, R. J., & Thomson, J. M. (1990). Study of mass rapid transit in developing countries.
   Google Scholar
• Althoff, T., Sosič, R., Hicks, J. L., King, A. C., Delp, S. L., & Leskovec, J. (2017). Large-scale physical activity data reveal worldwide activity inequality. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23018
   Google Scholar
• Alvarez-Pedrerol, M., Rivas, I., López-Vicente, M., Suades-González, E., Donaire-Gonzalez, D., Cirach, M., … Sunyer, J. (2017). Impact of commuting exposure to traffic-related air pollution on cognitive development in children walking to school. Environmental Pollution, 231, 837–844. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banister, D. (2008). The sustainable mobility paradigm. Transport Policy, 15(2), 73–80. doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2007.10.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besser, L. M., & Dannenberg, A. L. (2005). Walking to public transit: Steps to help meet physical activity recommendations. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 29(4), 273–280. doi:10.1016/j.ampre.2005.06.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brondeel, R., Pannier, B., & Chaix, B. (2016). Associations of socioeconomic status with transport-related physical activity: Combining a household travel survey and accelerometer data using random forests. Journal of Transport and Health, 3(3), 287–296. doi:10.1016/j.jth.2016.06.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cervero, R. (2013). Linking urban transport and land use in developing countries. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 6(1), 7–24. doi:10.5198/jtlu.v6i1.425
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtis, C., & Scheurer, J. (2010). Planning for sustainable accessibility: Developing tools to aid discussion and decision-making. Progress in Planning, 74(2), 53–106. doi:10.1016/j.progress.2010.05.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delclòs-Alió, X., Marquet, O., & Miralles-Guasch, C. (2017). Keeping track of time: A smartphone-based analysis of travel time perception in a suburban environment. Travel Behaviour and Society, 9, 2214–2367. doi:10.1016/j.tbs.2017.07.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delclòs-Alió, X., & Miralles-Guasch, C. (2018). A relational Perspective on everyday mobility in the Barcelona metropolitan region: Individual and household-related differences in daily travel time. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 109(4). doi:10.1111/tesg.12315
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delclòs-Alió, X., & Miralles-Guasch, C. (2019). Youth mobility and territorial disparities: An analysis of urban and rural barcelona. Geographical Review, 109(July), 399–415. doi:10.1111/gere.12321
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Sá, T. H., de Rezende, L. F. M., Borges, M. C., Nakamura, P. M., Anapolsky, S., Parra, D., … Monteiro, C. A. (2017). Prevalence of active transportation among adults in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review of population-based studies. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 41, 1. doi:10.26633/rpsp.2017.35
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, D., Lawson, K. D., Kolbe-Alexander, T. L., Finkelstein, E. A., Katzmarzyk, P. T., van Mechelen, W., & Pratt, M. (2016). The economic burden of physical inactivity: A global analysis of major non-communicable diseases. The Lancet, 388(10051), 1311–1324. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30383-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy, A., & Crawford, R. (2013). The effects of physical activity on greenhouse gas emissions for common transport modes in European countries. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 19, 13–19. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2012.09.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Geneidy, A., & Levinson, D. (2011). Place rank: Valuing spatial interactions. Networks and Spatial Economics, 11(4), 643–659. doi:10.1007/s11067-011-9153-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrari, G. L. d. M., Kovalskys, I., Fisberg, M., Gómez Salas, G., Rigotti, A., Cortés Sanabria, L. Y., … Alberico, C. (2020). Socio-demographic patterns of public, private and active travel in Latin America: Cross-sectional findings from the ELANS study. Journal of Transport and Health, 16(February 2019), doi:10.1016/j.jth.2019.100788
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueroa Martínez, C., Hodgson, F., Mullen, C., & Timms, P. (2019). Walking through deprived neighbourhoods: Meanings and constructions behind the attributes of the built environment. Travel Behaviour and Society, 16(November 2018), 171–181. doi:10.1016/j.tbs.2019.05.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Florindo, A. A., Barbosa, J. P. d. A. S., Barrozo, L. V., Andrade, D. R., de Aguiar, B. S., Failla, M. A., … Goldbaum, M. (2019). Walking for transportation and built environment in Sao Paulo city, Brazil. Journal of Transport and Health, 15(August), 100611. doi:10.1016/j.jth.2019.100611
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gascon, M., Götschi, T., de Nazelle, A., Gracia, E., Ambròs, A., Márquez, S., … Nieuwenhuijsen, M. (2019). Correlates of walking for travel in seven European cities: The PASTA project. Environmental Health Perspectives, 127(September), 1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Gil Solá, A. (2016). Constructing work travel inequalities: The role of household gender contracts. Journal of Transport Geography, 53, 32–40. doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.04.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomes, G. A., Reis, R. S., Parra, D. C., Ribeiro, I., Hino, A. A., Hallal, P. C., … Brownson, R. C. (2011). Walking for leisure among adults from three Brazilian cities and its association with perceived environment attributes and personal factors. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8(111), 1–8. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallal, P. C., Gomez, L. F., Parra, D. C., Lobelo, F., Mosquera, J., Florindo, A. A., … Sarmiento, O. L. (2010). Lessons learned after 10 years of IPAQ use in Brazil and Colombia. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 7(SUPPL.2), 259–264. doi:10.1123/jpah.7.s2.s259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halonen, J. I., Pulakka, A., Vahtera, J., Pentti, J., Laström, H., Stenholm, S., & Hanson, L. M. (2020). Commuting time to work and behaviour-related health: A fixed-effect analysis. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 77(2), 77–83. doi:10.1136/oemed-2019-106173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson, S. (2010). Gender and mobility: New approaches for informing sustainability. Gender, Place and Culture, 17(1), 5–23. doi:10.1080/09663690903498225
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrmann-Lunecke, M. G., Mora, R., & Sagaris, L. (2020). Persistence of walking in Chile: Lessons for urban sustainability. Transport Reviews, 40(2), 135–159. doi:10.1080/01441647.2020.1712494
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hills, A. P., King, N. A., & Armstrong, T. P. (2007). The contribution of physical activity and sedentary behaviours to the growth and development of children and adolescents implications for overweight and obesity. Sports Medicine, 37(6), 533–545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honey-Rosés, J., Anguelovski, I., Chireh, V. K., Daher, C., Konijnendijk van den Bosch, C., Litt, J. S., … Mawani, V. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on public space: An early review of the emerging questions – design, perceptions and inequities. Cities & Health, Taylor & Francis, 1–17. doi:10.31219/osf.io/rf7xa
   Google Scholar
• Inostroza, L., Baur, R., & Csaplovics, E. (2013). Urban sprawl and fragmentation in Latin America: A dynamic quantification and characterization of spatial patterns. Journal of Environmental Management, 115, 87–97. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.11.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karusisi, N., Thomas, F., Méline, J., Brondeel, R., & Chaix, B. (2014). Environmental conditions around itineraries to destinations as correlates of walking for transportation among adults: The RECORD cohort study. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088929
   Google Scholar
• Ksenofontov, M. Y., & Milyakin, S. R. (2018). The automobilization process and Its determining factors in the past, present, and future. Studies on Russian Economic Development, 29(4), 406–414. doi:10.1134/S107570071804010X
   Google Scholar
• Lee, I. M., Shiroma, E. J., Lobelo, F., Puska, P., Blair, S. N., Katzmarzyk, P. T., … Wells, J. C. (2012). Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: An analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. The Lancet, 380(9838), 219–229. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemoine, P. D., Sarmiento, O. L., Pinzón, J. D., Meisel, J. D., Montes, F., Hidalgo, D., … Zarama, R. (2016). Transmilenio, a scalable Bus Rapid Transit system for promoting physical activity. Journal of Urban Health, 93(2), 256–270. doi:10.1007/s11524-015-0019-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald, J. M., Stokes, R. J., Cohen, D. A., Kofner, A., & Ridgeway, G. K. (2010). The effect of light rail transit on body mass index and physical activity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 39(2), 105–112. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2010.03.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maciejewska, M., Marquet, O., & Miralles-Guasch, C. (2019). Changes in gendered mobility patterns in the context of the great recession (2007–2012). Journal of Transport Geography, 79(July), 102478. doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102478
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maciejewska, M., McLafferty, S., & Preston, V. (2019). Women’s changing commutes: The work trips of single mothers in the New York region, 2000-2010. Built Environment, In press(4), 2000–2010.
   Google Scholar
• Marquet, O., Bedoya, V. R., & Miralles-Guasch, C. (2017). Local accessibility inequalities and willingness to walk in latin-American cities: Findings from medellín. Colombia. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 11(3), 186–196. doi:10.1080/15568318.2016.1230804
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marquet, O., Hipp, J. A., & Miralles-Guasch, C. (2017). Neighborhood walkability and active ageing: A difference in differences assessment of active transportation over ten years. Journal of Transport & Health, 7(March), 190–201. doi:10.1016/j.jth.2017.09.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marquet, O., & Miralles-Guasch, C. (2014). Walking short distances. The socioeconomic drivers for the use of proximity in everyday mobility in barcelona. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 70, 210–222. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2014.10.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medicine, N. A. o. S. E. a. (2019). A research roadmap for transportation and public health management. A Research Roadmap for Transportation and Public Health, doi:10.17226/25644
   Google Scholar
• Miller, H. J., Tribby, C. P., Brown, B. B., Smith, K. R., Werner, C. M., Wolf, J., … Oliveira, M. G. S. (2015). Public transit generates new physical activity: Evidence from individual GPS and accelerometer data before and after light rail construction in a neighborhood of Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Health and Place, 36, 8–17. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.08.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran, M. R., Rodríguez, D. A., & Corburn, J. (2018). Examining the role of trip destination and neighborhood attributes in shaping environmental influences on children’s route choice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2018.08.001
   Google Scholar
• Orozco-Fontalvo, M., Soto, J., Arévalo, A., & Oviedo-Trespalacios, O. (2019). Women’s perceived risk of sexual harassment in a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system: The case of barranquilla, Colombia. Journal of Transport and Health, 14(March), 100598. doi:10.1016/j.jth.2019.100598
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothman, L., Buliung, R., Macarthur, C., To, T., & Howard, A. (2014). Walking and child pedestrian injury: A systematic review of built environment correlates of safe walking. Injury Prevention, 20, 41–49. doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saelens, B. E., Moudon, A. V., Kang, B., Hurvitz, P. M., & Zhou, C. (2014). Relation between higher physical activity and public transit use. American Journal of Public Health, 104(5), 854–859. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301696
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sagaris, L., & Tiznado-Aitken, I. (2018). Walking and gender equity: Insights from Santiago Chile.
   Google Scholar
• Sallis, J. F., Cerin, E., Conway, T. L., Adams, M. A., Frank, L. D., Pratt, M., … Owen, N. (2016). Physical activity in relation to urban environments in 14 cities worldwide: A cross-sectional study. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01284-2
   Google Scholar
• Sallis, J. F., Frank, L. D., Saelens, B. E., & Kraft, M. K. (2004). Active transportation and physical activity: Opportunities for collaboration on transportation and public health research. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 38(4), 249–268. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2003.11.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvo, D., Reis, R. S., Sarmiento, O. L., & Pratt, M. (2014). Overcoming the challenges of conducting physical activity and built environment research in Latin America: IPEN Latin america. Preventive Medicine, 69(S), S86–S92. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.10.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvo, D., Sarmiento, O. L., Reis, R. S., Hino, A. A. F., Bolivar, M. A., Lemoine, P. D., … Pratt, M. (2017). Where Latin Americans are physically active, and why does it matter? Findings from the IPEN-adult study in Bogota, Colombia; Cuernavaca, Mexico; and Curitiba, Brazil. Preventive Medicine, 103, S27–S33. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.09.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarmiento, O., Lemoine, P., Gonzalez, S. A., Broyles, S. T., Denstel, K. D., Larouche, R., … Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2015). Relationships between active school transport and adiposity indicators in school-age children from low-, middle- and high-income countries. International Journal of Obesity Supplements, 5(S2), S107–S114. doi:10.1038/ijosup.2015.27
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scheiner, J., & Holz-Rau, C. (2017). Women’s complex daily lives: A gendered look at trip chaining and activity pattern entropy in Germany. Transportation, 44(1), 117–138. doi:10.1007/s11116-015-9627-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, L., & Stopher, P. R. (2014). Review of GPS travel survey and GPS data-processing methods. Transport Reviews, 34(3), 316–334. doi:10.1080/01441647.2014.903530
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinney, J. E., Millward, H., & Scott, D. (2012). Walking for transport versus recreation: A comparison of participants, timing, and locations. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 9(2), 153–162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stopher, P., Fitzgerald, C., & Xu, M. (2007). Assessing the accuracy of the Sydney household travel survey with GPS. Transportation, 34(6), 723–741.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, F., Norman, I. J., & While, A. E. (2013). Physical activity in older people: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 13(1), doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-449
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tirachini, A. (2019). South America: The challenge of transition. In J. Stanley & D. Hensher (Eds.), A research agenda for transport policy (pp. 118–125). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. DOI:10.4337/9781788970204.00023
   Google Scholar
• Van Dyck, D., Cerin, E., Conway, T. L., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Owen, N., Kerr, J., … Sallis, J. F. (2013). Perceived neighborhood environmental attributes associated with adults’ leisure-time physical activity: Findings from Belgium, Australia and the USA. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.09.017
   Google Scholar
• Vecchio, G., Tiznado-Aitken, I., & Hurtubia, R. (2020). Transport and equity in Latin America: A critical review of socially oriented accessibility assessments*. Transport Reviews, 40(3), 354–381. doi:10.1080/01441647.2020.1711828
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veitch, J., Carver, A., Salmon, J., Abbott, G., Ball, K., Crawford, D., … Timperio, A. (2017). What predicts children’s active transport and independent mobility in disadvantaged neighborhoods? Health and Place, 44(January), 103–109. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.02.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vich, G., Marquet, O., & Miralles-Guasch, C. (2019). Green exposure of walking routes and residential areas using smartphone tracking data and GIS in a Mediterranean city. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 40(December 2017), 275–285. doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2018.08.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werneck, A. O., Baldew, S. S., Miranda, J. J., Díaz Arnesto, O., Stubbs, B., & Silva, D. R. (2019). Physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns and sociodemographic correlates in 116,982 adults from six South American countries: The South American physical activity and sedentary behavior network (SAPASEN). International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 16(1), 1–11. doi:10.1186/s12966-019-0839-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Y., Diez Roux, A. V., Auchincloss, A. H., Rodriguez, D. A., & Brown, D. G. (2012). Exploring walking differences by socioeconomic status using a spatial agent-based model. Health and Place, 18(1), 96–99. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.08.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zmud, J., & Wolf, J. (2003). Identifying the correlates of trip misreporting-results from the California statewide household travel survey GPS study. In 10th international conference on travel behaviour research, 10–15. Lucerne.
   Google Scholar