Explaining change and inertia in Swedish and French education: A tale of two corporatisms?

References

• Ambler, J. 1985. “Neocorporatism and the Politics of French Education.” West European Politics 8 (3): 23–42. 10.1080/01402388508424539.
   Google Scholar
• Ambler, J. 1994. “Why French Education Policy is so Often Made on the Streets.” French Politics & Society 12 (2–3): 41–64.
   Google Scholar
• Archer, M. 1979. Social Origins of Educational Systems. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Athanasiades, H., and A. Patramanis. 2002. “Globalization, Education Restructuring and Teacher Unions in France and Greece: Decentralization Policies or Disciplinary Parochialism?” Paper presented to the European Science Foundation, Barcelona.
   Google Scholar
• Baudelot, C., and R. Establet. 2009. L'Elitisme Républicain. L’école française à l’épreuve des comparaisons internationals [Republican Elitism. French Schools Tested by International Comparisons]. Paris: Seuil.
   Google Scholar
• Baumgartner, F., and J. Walker. 1989. “Educational Policymaking and the Interest Group Structure in France and the United States.” Comparative Politics 21: 273–288. 10.2307/422293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Björklund, J., and M. Fjelkner. 2011. “Dags att återförstatliga skolan [Time to Re-nationalize Schools].” Svenska Dagbladet, March 15.
   Google Scholar
• Blomqvist, P. 2004. “The Choice Revolution: Privatization of Swedish Welfare Services in the 1990s.” Social Policy & Administration 38 (2): 139–155. 10.1111/j.1467-9515.2004.00382.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boucher, L. 1985. “Teacher Unions: Some Swedish Perspectives.” In The Politics of Teacher Unionism: International Perspectives, edited by Martin Lawn, 147. London: Croon Helm.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdoncle, R., and A. Robert. 2000. “Primary and Secondary School Teachers in France: Changes in Identities and Professionalization.” Journal of Education Policy 15 (1): 71–81. 10.1080/026809300286033.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Busemeyer, M. R. 2009. “Social Democrats and the New Partisan Politics of Public Investment in Education.” Journal of European Public Policy 16 (1): 107–126. 10.1080/13501760802453171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chubb, J., and T. Moe. 1988. “Politics, Markets, and the Organization of Schools.” The American Political Science Review 82: 1066–1087.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, A. 2001. “The New Governance of French Education.” Public Administration 79: 707–724. 10.1111/1467-9299.00276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, A., and P. John. 2001. “Governing Education in England and France.” Public Policy and Administration 16 (4): 106–125. 10.1177/095207670101600409.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, B. 2000. “An International Perspective on Teacher Unions.” In Conflicting Missions: Teacher Unions and Educational Reform, edited by Tom Loveless, 240–280. Washington, DC: Brookings.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, B., and J. Sureau. 2008. “The Collective Politics of Teacher Unionism.” In Handbook of Education Politics and Policy, edited by B. Cooper, J. Cibulka, and L. Fusarelli, 263–282. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Crouch, C., and W. Streeck. 2006. The Diversity of Democracy Corporatism, Social Order and Political Conflict. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Daun, H. 2004. “Privatisation, Decentralisation and Governance in Education in the Czech Republic, England, France, Germany and Sweden.” International Review of Education 50: 325–346. 10.1007/s11159-004-2626-2.
   Google Scholar
• De Montricher, N. 1995. “Decentralization in France.” Governance 8 (3): 405–418. 10.1111/j.1468-0491.1995.tb00217.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobbins, M. 2009. “Transforming Education Policy in New Zealand.” TranState Working Papers No. 97, Universität Bremen, Bremen.
   Google Scholar
• Duclaud-Williams, R. 1985. “Local Politics in Centralized Systems: The Case of French Education.” European Journal of Political Research 13 (2): 167–186. 10.1111/j.1475-6765.1985.tb00117.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erne, R. 2011. “Interest Associations.” In Comparative Politics, edited by Daniele Caramani, 238–251. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fjelkner, M. 2011. “Staten måste ta över skolan [The State Must Take Over Schools].” Sydsvenskan. Accessed June 15, 2012. http://www.sydsvenskan.se/opinion/aktuella-fragor/quotstaten-maste-ta-over-skolanquot/.
   Google Scholar
• Fowler, F. 1992. “Teacher Unionism as Mission and Battle: Success and Crisis in French Teacher Unions.” American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, California.
   Google Scholar
• Frajerman, L. 2008. “Le syndicalisme enseignant français et la grève: normes et normalisation d'une pratique [French Teacher Unionism and Strikes: Norms and Normalization of a Practice] (1948–1959).” Paedagogica Historica 44: 543–554. 10.1080/00309230802351891.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FSU. 2003. Concernant le projet de loi sur la décentralisation: Analyse de la FSU [Concerning the Draft Law on Decentralization: FSU Analysis]. Accessed November 8, 2012. http://www.snuasfp-fsu.org/Concernant-le-projet-de-loi-sur-la.
   Google Scholar
• FSU. 2010. Appel national pour l’école publique [A National Appeal for Public Schools]. Accessed November 8, 2012. http://www.snetap-fsu.fr/APPEL-NATIONAL-POUR-L-ECOLE.html.
   Google Scholar
• FSU. 2011. Pacte du Service Public 2011 [2011 Public Service Pact]. Accessed October 25, 2012. http://www.fsu.fr/IMG/pdf/actu_110201_Pacte_du_Service_Public_20110130.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Garrett, G., and C. Way. 1999. “Public Sector Unions, Corporatism, and Macroeconomic Performance.” Comparative Political Studies 32: 411–434. 10.1177/0010414099032004001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaziel, H. and D. Taub. 1992. “Teachers Unions and Educational Reform: A Comparative Perspective.” Educational Policy 6 (1): 72–86. 10.1177/0895904892006001005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geay, B. 2005. “Le syndicalisme enseignant [Teacher Unionism].” Paris: Editions La Découverte.
   Google Scholar
• George, A., and A. Bennett. 2005. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Granström, K., and R. Lander. 1997. “Developing a Role for Evaluation in Swedish Schools: Some Patterns Emerging.” Paper presented at ECER 97, Goethe-Institut, Frankfurt.
   Google Scholar
• Hanson, E. M. 1998. “Strategies of Educational Decentralization: Key Questions and Core Issues.” Journal of Educational Administration 36 (2): 111–128. 10.1108/09578239810204345.
   Google Scholar
• Hirschhorn, M. 1991. “La décentralisation du système éducatif français [The Decentralization of the French Education System].” Annuaire des Collectivités Locales 11: 397–419.
   Google Scholar
• Husén, T. 1989. “The Swedish School Reform – Exemplary Both Ways.” Comparative Education 25 (3): 345–355. 10.1080/0305006890250311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacob, A. 2008. “Le lycée finlandais, un modèle qui inspire Xavier Darcos [The Finnish Upper Secondary School: A Model That has Inspired Xavier Darcos].” Le Figaro. Accessed July 12, 2010. http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualites/2008/02/06/01001–20080206artFIG00304-le-lycee-finlandaisun-modele-qui-inspire-xavier-darcos-php.
   Google Scholar
• Jacoby, D. 2001. “Teacher Unionization in School Governance.” Educational Policy 25: 762–783. 10.1177/0895904810374852.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson, K., and U. Fredriksson. 1993. Sveriges Lärarförbund 1967–1990 [The Swedish Teachers Union]. Stockholm: Lärarförlaget.
   Google Scholar
• Keeler, J. 1993. “Executive Power and Policymaking Patterns in France.” West European Politics 16: 518–544. 10.1080/01402389308424989.
   Google Scholar
• Kerchner, C. T., and J. E. Koppich, eds. 1993. A Union of Professionals: Labor Relations and Education Reform. New York: Teachers College Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kerchner, C. T., and K. D. Caufman. 1995. “Lurching towards Professionalism: The Saga of Teacher Unionism.” The Elementary School Journal 96 (1): 107–122. 10.1086/461817.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klason, L. E. 2007. Ett förbund på frammarsch: Svenska facklärarförbundets historia 1975–1990 [An Association on the Rise: The History of the Swedish Professional Teachers Association]. Stockholm: Lärarförbundets förlag.
   Google Scholar
• Klitgaard, M. B. 2008. “School Vouchers and the New Politics of the Welfare State.” Governance 21: 479–498. 10.1111/j.1468-0491.2008.00410.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotthoff, H. G. 2003. Bessere Schulen durch Evaluation: Internationale Erfahrungen [Better Schools Through Evaluation: International Experiences]. Münster: Waxmann Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Lakomaa, E. 2011. “The Municipal Takeover of the School System.” SSE/EFI Working Paper Series Business Administration 2011: 2. Stockholm: Handelshögskolan, Economic Research Institute (EFI).
   Google Scholar
• Lärarförbundet. 1990. Skolavtalet [School Agreement]. Accessed October 2, 2012. http://www.lararnashistoria.se/sites/default/files/wSL_0058.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Lärarförbundet. 1996. Arbetsmiljö- och personalpolitiskt program [Work Environment and Staffing Policy Program]. Stockholm. Lärarförbundet.
   Google Scholar
• Lärarförbundet. 1999. Lön Tid och Makt [Salary, Time and Power]. Stockholm: Lärarförbundet.
   Google Scholar
• Lärarförbundet. 2011. Många myter om skolans kommunalisering [Many Myths about the Municipalization of Schools]. Accessed April 24, 2012. http://www.lararforbundet.se/web/ws.nsf/documents/0042632A?OpenDocument&menuid = 00326A1C.
   Google Scholar
• Lärarnas Historia. 2010. Lärarnas Historia [History of Teachers]. Lärarförbundet, Lärarnas Riksförbund, the TAM Arkiv and SAF Stiftelsen. http://www.lararnashistoria.se
   Google Scholar
• Lärarnas Riksförbund. 2011. Kommunalisering av skolan[Municipalization of Schools]. Accessed November 3, 2012. http://www.lr.se/opinionpaverkan/kampanjer/kommunaliseringenavskolan/omantologin.4.18c04b6d12e72ec74018000835.html.
   Google Scholar
• Lärarnas samverkansråd. 2004. “Uppföljning av ÖLA00 Djupstudie I 20 kommuner 2002–2004 Slutrapport [Follow-up on the ÖLA00 In-depth Study of 20 Municipalities 2002–2004 – Final Report].” Lärarnas samverkansråd, September 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Lauglo, J. 1995. “Forms of Decentralisation and Their Implications for Education.” Comparative Education 31 (1): 5–29. 10.1080/03050069529182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawn, M. 1985. The Politics of Teacher Unionism: International Perspectives. London: Croon Helm.
   Google Scholar
• Lehmbruch, G. 1977. “Liberal Corporatism and Party Government.” Comparative Political Studies 10: 91–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lelièvre, C. 2000. “The French Model of the Educator State.” Journal of Education Policy 15 (1): 5–10. 10.1080/026809300285962.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Monde. 1988. “La FEN veut unifier l'enseignement et le corps enseignant de la maternelle a la terminale [The FEN Wants to Unify Education and the Teaching Corps from Primary School to up to Graduation].” Le Monde, February 5.
   Google Scholar
• Libération. 1997. “Monique Vuaillat, sécretaire générale du SNES-FSU – Je ne comprends pas ce tapage public [Monique Vuaillat, Secretary-General of the SNES-FSU – I Don't Understand this Public Uproar].” Libération, June 26. Accessed November 19, 2012. http://www.liberation.fr/france/0101217902-monique-vuaillat-secretaire-generale-du-snes-fsu-je-ne-comprends-pas-ce-tapage-public.
   Google Scholar
• Lindblad, S., L. Lundahl, J. Lindgren, and G. Zackari. 2002. “Educating for the New Sweden?” Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 46: 283–303. 10.1080/0031383022000005689.
   Google Scholar
• Lindvall, J., and J. Sebring. 2005. “Policy Reform and the Decline of Corporatism in Sweden.” West European Politics 28: 1057–1074. 10.1080/01402380500311814.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundahl, L. 1990. “New Variations on Old Themes: The Swedish Conservative Party and the Battle over Comprehensive Education 1900–1985” Journal of Education Policy 5 (2): 157–166. 10.1080/0268093900050205.
   Google Scholar
• Lundahl, L. 2002. “From Centralisation to Decentralisation: Governance of Education in Sweden.” European Educational Research Journal 1: 625–636. 10.2304/eerj.2002.1.4.2.
   Google Scholar
• Lundahl, L. 2006. “Education Politics and Teachers: Sweden and Some Comparisons with Great Britain.” Hitotsubashi Journal of Social Studies 38: 63–78.
   Google Scholar
• Lundström, U. 2007. “Gymnasielärare: perspektiv på lärares arbete och yrkesutvickling vid millenieskivtet [Upper Secondary School Teachers: Perspective on Teachers' Work and Professional Development at the Turn of Millennium].” Dissertation, Umeå University.
   Google Scholar
• Mallet, L. 2006. “Décentralisation de l’éducation et de la formation professionnelle: compétences sans moyens, moyens sans compétences [Decentralization of Education and Professional Training: Competences without Resources, Resources without Competences].” Formation emploi. Accessed November 19, 2012. http://formationemploi.revues.org/index2466.html.
   Google Scholar
• Martens, K., A. Rusconi, and K. Leuze. 2007. New Arenas of Education Governance. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Martens, K., A.-K. Nagel, M. Windzio, and A. Weymann. 2010. Transformation of Education Policy. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Mawhinney, H., and C. Lugg. 2001. “Introduction: Interest Groups in United States Education.” Educational Policy 15 (1): 3–11. 10.1177/0895904801015001001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meier, K. J., J. L. Polinard, and R. D. Wrinkle. 2000. “Bureaucracy and Organizational Performance: Causality Arguments about Public Schools.” American Journal of Political Science 44: 590–602. 10.2307/2669266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menéndez-Weidman, L. 2001. “Policy Trends and Structural Divergence in Educational Governance.” Oxford Review of Education 27 (1): 75–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministère de l'Education Nationale (MEN). 2010. La maîtrise des dépenses publiques à Éducation Nationale [List of Public Expenditure on the National Education System]. Accessed May 8, 2012. http://www.education.gouv.fr/cid52031/la-maitrise-des-depenses-publiques-a-l-education-nationale.html.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education and Science (MES). 2003. “Attracting, Developing and Retaining Effective Teachers.” Background report for the OECD Thematic Review. Stockholm: Ministry of Education and Science (MES).
   Google Scholar
• Moe, T. 2001. “Teachers Unions and the Public Schools.” In A Primer on America's Schools, edited by Terry M. Moe, 151–183. Stanford, CA: Hoover Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mons, N. 2004. “Politiques de décentralisation en éducation: diversité internationale, légitimations théoriques et justifications empiriques [Decentralization Policies in Education: International Diversity, Theoretical Legitimations and Empirical Justifications].” Revue française de pédagogie 146 (1): 41–52. 10.3406/rfp.2004.3092.
   Google Scholar
• Mons, N., and X. Pons. 2009. “La réception de PISA en France: Connaissances et régulation du système éducatif [The Reception of PISA in France: Knowledge and the Regulation of the Education System].” Knowledge and Policy in Education and Health Sectors Working Paper 12.
   Google Scholar
• Mouriaux, R. 1996. Le syndicalisme enseignant en France [Teacher Unionism in France]. Paris: PUF.
   Google Scholar
• Murillo, M. V. 1999. “Recovering Political Dynamics: Teachers Unions and the Decentralization of Education in Argentina and Mexico.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 41: 31–57. 10.2307/166226.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 1994a. Reviews of National Policies for Education. Paris: OECD.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 1994b. Teachers’ Pay and Conditions. Accessed May 18, 2012. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/39/62/1840245.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 2000. Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 2007. PISA 2006. Science Competencies for Tomorrow's World. Volume 2: Data. Paris: OECD.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 2008. Education at a Glance. Paris: OECD.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 2011. Education at a Glance. Paris: OECD.
   Google Scholar
• Oftedal Telhaug, A., A. M. Odd, and P. Aasen. 2006. “The Nordic Model in Education.” Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 50: 245–283. 10.1080/00313830600743274.
   Google Scholar
• Pech, M. E., and A. Sérès. 2008. “La réforme Darcos renvoyée à des jours meilleurs [Darcos Reform Returned to Better Days].” Le Figaro, December 13.
   Google Scholar
• Quittkat, C. 2006. Europäisierung der Interessenvermittlung: Französische Wirtschaftsverbände zwischen Beständigkeit und Wandel [Europeanization of Interest Intermediation: French Economic Associations between Stability and Change]. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Rémond, M. 2006. “Eclairages des évaluations internationales PIRLS et PISA sur les élèves français [Explanations of the International Evaluations PIRLS and PISA for French Pupils].” Revue française de pédagogie 157: 71–84. 10.4000/rfp.433.
   Google Scholar
• Ringarp, J. 2011. “Professionens problematik: Lärarkårens kommunalisiering och välfärdstatens förvandling [The Profession's Problematic: The Municipalization of Teaching Staff and Welfare State Transformation].” Dissertation, Södertörn: Södertörns Högskola.
   Google Scholar
• Ringarp, J., and M. Rothland. 2008. “Sündenfälle im Bildungsparadies? Außen- und Innenansichten des Schwedischen Schulwesens zwischen Verklärung und Ernüchterung [Fall from Grace in the Education Paradise? Outside and Inside Views of the Swedish School System between Romanticization and Disenchantment].” Zeitschift für Pädagogik 54: 498–515.
   Google Scholar
• Robert, A. 2004. “Jeux Croisés des syndicats d'enseignants face aux réformes et projets de réformes [School Inspection: Evaluation, Accountability and Quality Development].” In Les enseignants dans la société française au XXe siècle, edited by Jacques Girault, 55–64. Paris: Sorbonne.
   Google Scholar
• Runnquist, G., and I. F. Edblad. 2007. “School Inspections in Sweden: Seen from the Teacher Union – Lärarförbundet's – Perspective.” In Schulinspektion: Evaluation, Rechenschaftslegung und Qualitätsentwicklung, edited by Wolfgang Böttcher and Hans-Georg Kotthoff, 141–165. Münster: Waxmann Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Schlicht-Schmälzle, R., J. Teltemann, and M. Windzio. 2011. “Deregulation of Education: What Does It Mean for Efficiency and Equality?” TransState Working Paper No. 157, Universität Bremen.
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt, V. 2000. “The Changing Dynamics of State-Society Relations in the Fifth Republic.” In The Changing French Political System, edited by Robert Elgie. London: Frank Cass.
   Google Scholar
• Sérès, A. 2008. “L'OCDE critique les rythmes scolaires français [The OECD Criticizes the French School Calendar].” Le Figaro, September 10, 2008. Accessed July 11, 2011. http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2008/09/10/01016-20080910artfig00046-l-ocde-critique-les-rythmes-scolaires-francais-php.
   Google Scholar
• SGEN-CFDT. 2007. Politique éducative: les positions du syndicat face aux réformes de l'enseignement du premier et second degré [Education Policy : The Positions of the Union Regarding the Reforms of Primary and Secondary Education]. Accessed October 15, 2012. http://www.cfdt.fr/content/medias/media16050_DUNJDDojCsSYDzk.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• SGEN-CFDT. 2008. Communiqué de l'intérféderale de l’éducation [Communiqué of the Inter-federal Organization for Education]. Accessed August 13, 2012. http://www.cfdt.fr/rewrite/article/11059/actualites/communiques-de-presse/communique-de-l-interfederale-de-l-education.htm?idRubrique = 8829.
   Google Scholar
• Siaroff, A. 1999. “Corporatism in 24 Industrial Democracies.” European Journal of Political Research 36: 175–205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skolvärlden. 1986. “40.000 LR-Medlemmar lockoutade: Arbetsgivaren tar skamgrepp [40,000 LR Members Locked Out: The Employer Is Shamed].” SkolvärldenMay 23 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Skolvärlden. 1989. Nej till kommunalisering af skolan [No to the Municipalization of Schools]. Accessed June 14, 2012. http://www.lararnashistoria.se/sites/default/files/wLR_0089.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• SNES. 2009. Depuis la loi Fillon un collège á plusieurs vitesses [Since the Fillon Law: A Lower Secondary School with Different Speeds] Accessed September 18, 2012. http://www.snes.edu/IMG/pdf/College_vitesse-2.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• SNES. 2012a. La laïcité, une vieille idée neuve [Secularism: An Old New Idea]. Accessed October 29, 2012. http://www.irhses.snes.edu/IMG/pdf/Laicite_une_vieille_idee_neuve.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• SNES. 2012b. Décentralisation à l'Education nationale: des propositions dangereuses, bien éloignées de l'intérêt des élèves [Decentralization of the National Education System: Dangerous Propositions, Far away from Pupils' Interests] Accessed October 29, 2012. http://www.snes.edu/Decentralisation-a-l-Education.html.
   Google Scholar
• Strath, A. 2004. Teacher Policy Reforms in Sweden: The Case of Individualized Pay. Paris: UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• SUD Education. 2009. Lycées: Analyse détaillée de la réforme Chatel [Upper Secondary Schools : Detailed Analysis of the Chatel Reform]. Accessed May 5, 2012. http://www.sudeducation35.fr/spip.php?article63.
   Google Scholar
• Terry, M. 2000. Redefining Public Sector Unionism: UNISON and the Future of Trade Unions. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Torbjörn, C., S. Kinnander, and S. Salin. 2000. Lärarnas Riksförbund 1884–2000: ett stycke svensk skolhistoria ur fackligt perspektiv [National Union of Teachers 1884–2000: Some Swedish School History from a Professional Perspective]. Stockholm: Informationsförlaget.
   Google Scholar
• van Waarden, F. 1993. “Über die Beständigkeit nationaler Politikstile und Politiknetzwerke [On the Stability of National Policy Styles and Policy Networks].” In Verhandlungsdemokratie, Interessenvermittlung, Regierbarkeit [A Study on the Genesis of Their Institutional Embeddedness], edited by Roland Czada and Manfred Schmidt, 191–212. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• van Zanten, A. 2002. “Educational Change and New Cleavages between Head Teachers, Teachers and Parents.” Journal of Education Policy 17: 289–304. 10.1080/02680930210127568.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilsford, D., and A. Farazmand. 2001. Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration. New York: Marcel Dekker.
   Google Scholar
• Wollmann, H. 2008. Reformen in Kommunalpolitik und –verwaltung: England, Schweden, Frankreich und Deutschland im Vergleich [Reforms of Municipality Politics and Administration. A Comparison of England, Sweden, France and Germany]. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Wößmann, L. 2007. “International Evidence on School Competition, Autonomy, and Accountability: A Review.” Peabody Journal of Education 82: 473–497. 10.1080/01619560701313176.
   Google Scholar