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Research Article

A left inferior vena cava associated with pelvic vein malformations: a major pitfall of pelvic surgery

Pages 440-441 | Published online: 02 Jul 2009

  • Hoffman M. K., Meilstrup J. W., Shackelford D. P. and Kaminski P. F. (1997) Arteriovenous malformation of the uterus: an uncommon cause of vaginal bleeding. Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey, 52, 736-740.
  • Mayo J., Gray R., St Louis E., Grosman H., McLoughlin M. and Wise D. (1983) Anomalies of the inferior vena cava. American Journal of Roentgenology, 140, 339-345.
  • Muller T. (1971) A case of bilateral inferior venae cavae with absence of iliac anastomosis. South African Medical Journal, 11, 1746-1750.
  • Seib G. A. (1934) The azygos system of veins in American whites and American negroes, including observations on the inferior caval venous system. American Journal of Physiology and Anthropology, 19, 39.
  • Vollmar J. (1979) Malformations of leg and pelvic veins. Major Problems in Clinical Surgery, 23, 201-212.

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