References
- Adkins , C. L. 1995 . Previous work experience and organizational socialization: a longitudinal examination. . Academy of Management Journal , 38 : 839 – 62 .
- Allen , N. J. and Meyer , J. P. 1990 . The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. . Journal of Occupational Psychology , 63 : 1 – 18 .
- Allen , N. J. and Meyer , J. P. 1996 . Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: an examination of construct validity. . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 49 : 252 – 76 .
- Andrews , F. M. and Farris , G. F. 1972 . Time pressure and performance of scientists and engineers: a five‐year panel study. . Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , 8 : 185 – 200 .
- Angle , H. L. and Lawson , M. B. 1993 . Changes in affective and continuance commitment in times of relocation. . Journal of Business Research , 26 : 123 – 46 .
- Aronson , E. and Mills , J. 1959 . The effect of severity of initiation liking for a group. . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 59 : 177 – 81 .
- Atkinson , J. W. 1983 . “ Thematic apperceptive measurement of motives within the context of a theory of motivation ” . In Personality, Motivation and Action , Edited by: Atkinson , J. W . 59 – 79 . New York : Praeger .
- Bandura , A. 1986 . Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social‐Cognitive View , Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice Hall .
- Becker , T. E. , Billings , R. S. , Eveleth , D. M. and Gilbert , N. L. 1996 . Foci and bases of team member commitment: implications for job performance. . Academy of Management Journal , 39 : 464 – 82 .
- Bozeman , D. P. and Perrewe , P. L. 2001 . The effect of item content overlap on organizational commitment questionnaire–turnover cognitions relationships. . Journal of Applied Psychology , 86 (1) : 161 – 73 .
- Bruce , B. 1974 . Building organizational commitment: the socialization of managers of work organizations. . Administrative Science Quarterly , 19 : 533 – 46 .
- Burgess , R. and Turner , S. 2000 . Seven key features for creating and sustaining commitment. . International Journal of Project Management , 18 : 225 – 33 .
- Cheng , Y. and Stockdale , M. S. 2003 . The validity of the three‐component model of organizational commitment in a Chinese context. . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 62 : 465 – 89 .
- Cohen , A. 1993 . Work commitment in relation to withdrawal intentions and union effectiveness. . Journal of Business Research , 26 : 75 – 90 .
- Dalton , D. and Todor , W. 1993 . Turnover, transfer, and absenteeism: an interdependent perspective. . Journal of Management , 19 : 193 – 219 .
- Denzin , N. K. 1978 . The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods, 2nd edn , New York. McGraw–Hill
- Diamantopoulos , A. and Siguaw , J. A. 2000 . Introducing LISREL: A Guide for the Uninitiated , London : Sage .
- Earley , P. C. 1985 . Influence of information, choice and task complexity upon goal acceptance, performance, and personal goals. . Journal of Applied Psychology , 70 (3) : 481 – 91 .
- Erez , M. , Earley , P. C. and Hulin , C. L. 1985 . The impact of participation on goal acceptance and performance: a two‐step model. . Academy of Management Journal , 28 (1) : 50 – 66 .
- Hackett , R. D. , Lapierre , L. M. and Hausdorf , P. A. 2001 . Understanding the links between work commitment constructs. . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 58 : 392 – 413 .
- Hinsz , V. B. , Kalnbach , L. R. and Lorentz , N. R. 1997 . Using judgmental anchors to establish challenging self‐set goals without jeopardizing commitment. . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 71 (3) : 287 – 308 .
- Hofsted , G. 1980 . Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work‐Related Values , Beverley Hills , CA : Sage .
- Hollenbeck , J. R. , Klein , H. J. , O'Leary , A. M. and Wright , P. M. 1989 . Investigation of the construct validity of a self‐report measure of goal commitment. . Journal of Applied Psychology , 74 (6) : 951 – 6 .
- Howitt , D. and Cramer , D. 1997 . A Guide to Computing Statistics with SPSS for Windows , London : Prentice Hall/Harvester Wheatsheaf .
- Jaros , S. J. , Jermier , J. M. , Kohler , J. W. and Sinsich , T. 1993 . Effects of continuance, affective, and moral commitment on the withdrawal process: an evaluation of eight structural models. . Academy of Management Journal , 36 : 951 – 95 .
- Joreskog , K. and Sorbom , D. 2001 . LISREL 8.50 , Chicago : Scientific Software International .
- Kanter , R. M. 1968 . Commitment and Community , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
- Konovsky , M. A. and Cropanzano , R. 1991 . Perceived fairness of employee drug testing as a predictor of employee attitudes and job performance. . Journal of Applied Psychology , 76 : 698 – 707 .
- Latham , G. P. and Saari , L. M. 1979 . The effects of holding goal difficulty constant on assigned and participatively set goals. . Academy of Management Journal , 22 : 163 – 8 .
- Lee , T. W. , Ashford , S. J. , Walsh , J. P. and Mowday , R. T. 1992 . Commitment propensity, organizational commitment, and voluntary turnover: a longitudinal study of organizational entry process. . Journal of Management , 18 : 15 – 32 .
- Lehman , R. S. 1991 . Statistics and Research Design in the Behavioural Sciences , Belmont , CA : Wadsworth .
- Leung , M. Y. , Chong , A. , Ng , S. T. and Cheung , M. C. K. 2004 . Demystifying stakeholders' commitment and its impacts on construction projects. . Construction Management and Economics , 22 (7) : 701 – 15 .
- Locke , E. A. , Shaw , K. N. , Saari , L. M. and Latham , G. P. 1981 . Goal setting and task performance: 1969–1980. . Psychological Bulletin , 90 (1) : 125 – 52 .
- Locke , E. A. , Latham , G. P. and Erex , M. 1988 . The determinants of goal commitment. . Academy of Management Review , 13 (1) : 23 – 39 .
- Mathieu , J. E. and Zajac , D. 1990 . A review and meta‐analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. . Psychology Bulletin , 108 : 171 – 94 .
- Meyer , J. P. and Allen , N. J. 1991 . A three‐component conceptualization of organizational commitment. . Human Resource Management Review , 1 : 61 – 89 .
- Meyer , J. P. and Allen , N. J. 1997 . Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research, and Application , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
- Morris , J. H. and Sherman , J. D. 1981 . Generalizability of an organizational commitment model. . Academy of Management Journal , 24 : 512 – 26 .
- Morrow , P. C. 1993 . The Theory and Measurement of Work Commitment , Greenwich , CT : JAI Press .
- Mowday , R. T. , Steers , R. M. and Porter , L. W. 1979 . The measurement of organizational commitment. . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 14 : 224 – 47 .
- Mowday , R. T. , Porter , L. W. and Steers , R. M. 1982 . Team Member–Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover , New York : Academic Press .
- Neapolitan , J. 1980 . Occupational change in mid‐career: an exploratory investigation. . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 16 : 212 – 25 .
- Oldham , G. R. 1975 . The impact of supervisory characteristics on goal acceptance. . Academy of Management Journal , 18 (3) : 461 – 75 .
- Pallant , J. 2001 . SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS for Windows (Version 10) , Crows Nest , NSW : Allen & Unwin .
- Randall , D. and Cote , J. 1991 . Interrelationships between work commitment constructs. . Work and Occupations , 18 (2) : 194 – 211 .
- Rodgers , R. , Hunter , J. E. and Rogers , D. L. 1993 . Influence of top management commitment on management program success. . Journal of Applied Psychology , 78 (1) : 151 – 5 .
- Salancik , G. R. 1977 . “ Commitment and the control of organizational behavior and belief ” . In New Directions in Organizational Behavior , Edited by: Staw , B. M and Salancik , G. R . 1 – 54 . Chicago : St Clair Press .
- Sheldon , M. E. 1971 . Investments and involvements as mechanisms producing commitment. . Administrative Science Quarterly , 16 : 143 – 50 .
- Steers , R. M. 1977 . Antecedents and outcomes of organizational commitment. . Administrative Science Quarterly , 22 : 46 – 56 .
- Tubbs , M. E. 1993 . Commitment as a moderator of the goal–performance relation: a case for clearer construct definition. . Journal of Applied Psychology , 78 (1) : 86 – 97 .
- Wiener , Y. 1982 . Commitment in organizations: a normative view. . Academy of Management Review , 7 : 418 – 28 .