Effects of intercropping sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) with millet, soybean and Moldavian balm on yield and quality in an organic production system

References

• Abdel Motagally FMF, Metwally AK. 2014. Maximizing productivity by intercropping onion on sugar beet. Asian J Crop Sci. 6:226–235. doi:10.3923/ajcs.2014.226.235.
   Google Scholar
• Abdollahian-Noghabi M, Shaikholeslami R, Babaei B. 2005. Technical terms of sugar beet yield and quality. Sugar Beet J. 21:101–104.
   Google Scholar
• Abou Khadra SH, Shaima AAB, Salah EAT, Dina EEE. 2013. Effect of intercropping wheat with sugar beet on their productivity and land use. Agric Res Kafrelsheikh Uni. 39(1):37–54.
   Google Scholar
• Akmal M, Janssens MJJ. 2004. Productivity and light use efficiency of perennial ryegrass with contrasting water and nitrogen supplies. Field Crops Res. 88:143–155. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2003.12.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allahdadi M, Shakiba MR, Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab A, Amini R. 2013. Evaluation of yield and benefits of intercropping soybean and calendula. J Sus Agric Prod Sci. 23:47–58.
   Google Scholar
• Amini R, Alizadeh H, Yousefi A. 2014. Interference between red kidneybean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Eur J Agron. 60:13–21. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2014.07.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amini R, Shamayeli M, Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab A. 2013. Assessment of yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) under two and three strip intercropping systems. Int J Biosci. 3:65–69. doi:10.12692/ijb/3.3.65-69.
   Google Scholar
• Amr AHR, Ghaffar MSA. 2010. The economic impact of sugar beet cultivation in new lands (Study of Al-Salam Canal Area Status). Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 4(7):1641–1649.
   Google Scholar
• Andersen MK, Hauggaard-Nielsen H, Weiner J, Jensen ES. 2007. Competitive dynamics in tow- and three component intercrops. App Ecol. 44:545–551. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01289.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anonymous. 2015. Sugar beet cultivars. Germany:Strube D&S GmbH.
   Google Scholar
• Anonymous. 2017. Agricultural Statistics of Iran. 2016. Vol. 1. Iran: Publications of Ministry of Agriculture.
   Google Scholar
• Arshad M, Ranamukhaarachchi SL. 2012. Effects of legume type, planting pattern and time of establishment on growth and yield of sweet sorghum-legume intercropping. Aust J Crop Sci. 6(8):1265–1274.
   Google Scholar
• Badawy SAE, Shalaby GA. 2015. Effect of intercropping of sugar beet with onion and garlic on insect infestation, sugar beet yield and economics. Mansoura J Plant Prod. 6(6):903–914. doi:10.21608/jpp.2015.49788.
   Google Scholar
• Banik P, Midya A, Sarkar BK, Ghose SS. 2006. Wheat and chickpea intercropping systems in an additive series experiment: advantages and weed smothering. Eur J Agron. 24:325–332. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2005.10.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremner JM, Mulvaney CS. 1965. Nitrogen-total. In: Page AL, editor 1982. Methods of soil analysis: part 2, chemical and microbiological properties. 2nd ed. Madison (Wisconsin): American Society of Agronomy Inc. Agronomy Series 9 (2); p. 596–622.
   Google Scholar
• El-Fakharany SKM, Samy MA, Ahmed SA, Khattab MA. 2012. Effect of intercropping of maize, bean, cabbage and toxicants on the population levels of some insect pests and associated predators in sugar beet plantations. J Basic App Zool. 65:21–28. doi:10.1016/j.jobaz.2012.02.002.
   Google Scholar
• Erciyes H, Bulut S, Arslan M. 2016. Yield and quality characteristics of sugar beet cultivars under continental climate conditions. Cur Trends Nat Sci. 5:152–157.
   Google Scholar
• Fernandez-Aparicio M, Sillero JC, Rubials D. 2007. Intercropping with cereals reduces infection by Orobanche crenata in legumes. Crop Prot. 26:1166–1172. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2006.10.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh PK. 2004. Growth, yield, competition and economics of groundnut cereal fodder intercropping systems in the semi-arid tropics of India. Field Crops Res. 88:227–237. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2004.01.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajiboland R, Shekari S, Sadeghzadeh N, Poschenrieder C. 2018. Sugar beet profits from intercropping with wheat both under optimum and deficient phosphorus supply. Acta Agric Slov. 111:85–100. doi:10.14720/aas.2018.111.1.09.
   Google Scholar
• Heba SA, Salama D, El-Karamity ES, Nawar AI. 2016. Additive intercropping of wheat, barley and faba bean with sugar beet: impact on yield, quality and land use efficiency. Egypt J Agron. 38(3):413–430. doi:10.21608/agro.2016.1277.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones BJ. 2001. Laboratory guide for conducting soil tests and plant analysis. USA: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Khazaie M. 2014. Maize (Zea mays L.) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) intercropping. Agric Crop Man. 16(4):987–997.
   Google Scholar
• Koocheki A, Shabahang J, Khorramdel S, Amin G. 2012. Row intercropping of borage (Borago officinalis L.) with bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on possible evaluating of the best strip width and assessing of its ecological characteristics. J Agroec. 4(1):1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Kouame CN, Powell JM, Renard CA, Quesenberry KH. 1993. Plant yields and fodder quality characteristics of millet – stylo intercropping systems in the Sahel. Agron J. 85:601–605. doi:10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500030015x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lithourgidis AS, Vasilakoglou IB, Dordas CA, Yiakoulaki MD. 2006. Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures with oat and triticale in two seeding ratios. Field Crops Res. 99:106–113. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2006.03.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahrokh A, Khajehpour MR. 2010. Water regime effect on growth indices and quantitative and qualitative yields characteristics of sugar beet. Iran J Field Crop Sci. 41(2):235–246.
   Google Scholar
• Meyers SL, Jennings KM, Schultheis JR, Monks DW. 2010. Interference of palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in sweet potato. Weed Sci. 58:199–203. doi:10.1614/WS-D-09-00048.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milford T, Pocock O, Riley AJ, Messem B. 1994. An analysis of leaf growth on sugar beet. III. Leaf expansion in field crops. Ann Appl Biol. 106:187–203. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1985.tb03108.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammed WKH, El-Metwally EA, Saleh SA. 2005. Intercropping faba bean at different plant densities with sugar beet. Egypt J Agric Res. 83:649–662.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson DW, Sommers LE. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In: Page AL, Helmke PA, Loeppert RH, Soltanpour PN, Tabatabai MA, Johanson GT, Summer ME, editors. Methods of soil analysis. 2nd ed. Part 2. Madison (WI): ASA, SSSA; p. 539–579.
   Google Scholar
• Olsen SR, Sommers LE. 1982. Phosphorus, pb. In: Page AL, Helmke PA, Loeppert RH, Soltanpour PN, Tabatabai MA, Johanson GT, Summer ME, editors. Methods of soil analysis. 2nd ed. Part 2. Agronomy No. 9. Madison (WI): American Society of Agronomy; p. 403–430.
   Google Scholar
• Refay YA. 2010. Root yield and quality traits of three sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) varieties in relation to sowing date and stand densities. World J Agric Sci. 6(5):589–594.
   Google Scholar
• Rosati A, Metcalf SG, Lampinen BD. 2004. A simple method to estimate photosynthetic radiation use efficiency of canopies. Ann Bot. 93:567–574. doi:10.1093/aob/mch081.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salama HSA, El-Karamity DE, Nawar AI. 2016. Additive intercropping of wheat, barley, and faba bean with sugar beet impact on yield, quality and land use efficiency. Egypt J Agron. 38:413–430. doi:10.21608/agro.2016.1277.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparks DL, Page AL, Helmke PA, Loeppert RH, Soltanpour PN, Tabatabaei MA, Johnson CT, Sumner ME. 1996. Methods of soil analysis. Part 3, chemical methods. Soil Science Society of American Book Ser. 5. Madison (WI): SSSA.
   Google Scholar
• Usmanikhail MU, Tunio SD, Jamro GH, Oad FC, Hassan Syed Waseem UL, Chachar QD, Ali Khanzad M, Gandahi AW. 2012. Agronomic and economic effect of intercropping sugar beet with oilseeds and lentil. Pak J Bot. 44(6):1983–1988.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vafadar-Yengeje L. 2017. Yield and advantages of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica) intercropping under different fertilizer treatments [ Ph.D Thesis]. Iran: Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz.
   Google Scholar
• Vafadar-Yengeje L, Amini R, Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab A. 2019. Chemical compositions and yield of essential oil of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) in intercropping with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under different fertilizers application. J Clean Prod. 239:118033. In Press. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118033.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vishwanatha S. 2013. Evaluation of sugar beet cultivars at different row proportions in intercropping with sugarcane and its nitrogen management [ Ph.D. Thesis]. Dharwad (India): Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences.
   Google Scholar
• Willey RW. 1990. Resources use in intercropping systems. J Agric Water Manag. 17:215–231. doi:10.1016/0378-3774(90)90069-B.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar