Publication Cover
Medical Anthropology
Cross-Cultural Studies in Health and Illness
Volume 43, 2024 - Issue 1
716
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

“More Concerned About Mr. and Mrs. Denmark”: Coping with Pandemic Crisis at the Intersection of Homelessness and Drug Use

ORCID Icon

References

  • Arbejderen 2020 Corona rammer hjemløse ekstra hårdt. https://arbejderen.dk/indland/corona-rammer-hjeml%C3%B8se-ekstra-h%C3%A5rdt, accessed March 25.
  • Baekgaard, M., J. Christensen, J. K. Madsen, and K. S. Mikkelsen 2020 Rallying around the flag in times of COVID-19: Societal lockdown and trust in democratic institutions. Journal of Behavioral Public Administration 3(2):1–12. doi:10.30636/jbpa.32.172.
  • Benjaminsen, L., and S. B. Andrade 2015 Testing a typology of homelessness across welfare regimes: Shelter use in Denmark and the USA. Housing Studies 30(6):858–76. doi:10.1080/02673037.2014.982517.
  • Bjerge, B., L. Christensen, and J. Oute 2020 Complex cases–Complex representations of problems. International Journal of Drug Policy 80:102563. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.09.011.
  • Bourgois, P. I., and J. Schonberg 2009 Righteous Dopefiend. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Collins, A. B., S. Edwards, R. McNeil, J. Goldman, B. D. Hallowell, R. P. Scagos, and B. D. Marshall 2022 A rapid ethnographic study of risk negotiation during the COVID-19 pandemic among unstably housed people who use drugs in Rhode Island. International Journal of Drug Policy 103:103626. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103626.
  • Cornell, S., B. Nickel, E. Cvejic, C. Bonner, K. J. McCaffery, J. Ayre, T. Copp, C. Batcup, J. Isautier, T. Dakin, and R. Dodd 2022 Positive outcomes associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia. Health Promotion Journal of Australia 33(2):311–19. doi:10.1002/hpja.494.
  • Crawford, R. 1994 The boundaries of the self and the unhealthy other: Reflections on health, culture and AIDS. Social Science and Medicine 38(10):1347–65. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90273-9.
  • Croxford, S., E. Emanuel, A. Ibitoye, J. Njoroge, C. Edmundson, M. Bardsley, E. Heinsbroek, V. Hope, and E. Phipps 2021 Preliminary indications of the burden of COVID-19 among people who inject drugs in England and Northern Ireland and the impact on access to health and harm reduction services. Public Health 192:8–11. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2021.01.004.
  • Danish Health Authority 2020a Personer i øget risiko. https://www.sst.dk/da/corona/personer-i-oeget-risiko.
  • Danish Health Authority 2020b Vejledning om forebyggelse af smitte med ny coronavirus på plejecentre, bosteder og andre institutioner. https://www.sst.dk/da/nyheder/2020/vejledningerne-om-forebyggelse-af-smitte-i-hjemmeplejen-paa-plejecentre-bosteder-og-er-opdateret, accessed June 9.
  • Danmarks Radio 2020a Genstart: 74 liv i hænderne. https://www.dr.dk/radio/special-radio/genstart/genstart-32, accessed March 25.
  • Danmarks Radio 2020b Nu bliver hjemløse testet for corona i Aarhus og København: ‘Mange er rigtig bange.’ https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/regionale/oestjylland/nu-bliver-hjemloese-testet-corona-i-aarhus-og-koebenhavn-mange-er, accessed March 30.
  • Desjarlais, R. R. 2011 Shelter Blues: Sanity and Selfhood Among the Homeless. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Desmond, M. 2012 Disposable ties and the urban poor. American Journal of Sociology 117(5): 1295–335. 0002-9602/2012/11705-0001journal0.00 doi:10.1086/663574
  • Dionne, K. Y., and F. F. Turkmen 2020 The politics of pandemic othering: Putting COVID-19 in global and historical context. International Organization 74(S1):E213–E30. doi:10.1017/S0020818320000405.
  • Dordick, G. 1997 Something Left to Lose: Personal Relations and Survival Among New York’s Homeless. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • England, E. 2022 ‘Homelessness is a queer experience.’: Utopianism and mutual aid as survival strategies for homeless trans people. Housing Studies 1–18. doi:10.1080/02673037.2022.2108381.
  • Fauci, A. S., H. C. Lane, and R. R. Redfield 2020 Covid-19—Navigating the uncharted. New England Journal of Medicine 382(13):1268–69. doi:10.1056/NEJMe2002387.
  • Fenley, V. M. 2021 Everyday citizenship and COVID-19: “Staying at home” while homeless. Administrative Theory & Praxis 43(2):245–57. doi:10.1080/10841806.2020.1825600.
  • Fersch, B., A. Schneider-Kamp, and K. N. Breidahl 2022 Anxiety and trust in times of health crisis: How parents navigated health risks during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark. Health, Risk and Society 24(1–2):36–53. doi:10.1080/13698575.2022.2028743.
  • Frank, V. A., B. Thom, and M. D. Herold 2021 “Some of us need to be taken care of”: Young adults’ perspectives on support and help in drug reducing interventions in coercive contexts in Denmark and the UK. Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy 28(1):17–25. doi:10.1080/09687637.2020.1771285.
  • Friedman, S. R., D. Rossi, and N. Braine 2009 Theorizing “Big events” as a potential risk environment for drug use, drug-related harm and HIV epidemic outbreaks. International Journal of Drug Policy 20(3):283–91. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2008.10.006.
  • Gowan, T. 2010 Hobos, Hustlers, and Backsliders: Homeless in San Francisco. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Grebely, J., M. Cerdá, and T. Rhodes 2020 COVID-19 and the health of people who use drugs: What is and what could be? International Journal of Drug Policy 83:102958. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102958.
  • Green, M. 2006 Representing poverty and attacking representations: Perspectives on poverty from social anthropology. The Journal of Development Studies 42(7):1108–29. doi:10.1080/00220380600884068.
  • Herold, M. D., C. Rand, and V. A. Frank 2019 Enactments of a “holistic approach” in two Danish welfare institutions accommodating young adults with offending behavior and drug use experiences. Drugs and Alcohol Today 19(3):208–19. doi:10.1108/DAT-12-2018-0071.
  • Higate, P. 2000 Ex‐servicemen on the road: Travel and homelessness. The Sociological Review 48(3):331–47. doi:10.1111/1467-954X.00219.
  • Higate, P. R. 2000 Tough bodies and rough sleeping: Embodying homelessness amongst ex-servicemen. Housing Theory & Society 17(3):97–108. doi:10.1080/14036090051084388.
  • Information 2020 Frygt for corona blandt hjemløse og stofbrugere: De vil ’falde på stribe’. Information. https://www.information.dk/indland/2020/03/frygt-corona-blandt-hjemloese-stofbrugere-falde-paa-stribe, accessed March 23.
  • Jackson, E. 2012 Fixed in mobility: Young homeless people and the city. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 36(4):725–41. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2012.01124.x.
  • Johansen, M. L. 2022 Fraught parenting: Immigrant parents’ chronic double-bind in Denmark. Ethnography 23(3):404–23. doi:10.1177/1466138119892018.
  • Johnsen, S., P. Cloke, and J. May 2005 Day centres for homeless people: Spaces of care or fear? Social and Cultural Geography 6(6):787–811. doi:10.1080/14649360500353004.
  • Jønsson, A. B. R., I. E. Christensen, S. Reventlow, and M. B. Risør 2022 Responsibilities of risk: Living with mental illness during COVID-19. Medical Anthropology 41(3):302–14. doi:10.1080/01459740.2022.2045288.
  • Kesten, J. M., A. Holland, M. J. Linton, H. Family, J. Scott, J. Horwood, M. Hickman, M. Telfer, R. Ayres, D. Hussey, J. Wilkinson, and L. A. Hines, et al. 2021 Living under coronavirus and injecting drugs in Bristol (LUCID-B): A qualitative study of experiences of COVID-19 among people who inject drugs. International Journal of Drug Policy 98:103391. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103391.
  • Kolind, T. 1999 Den betingede accept. Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 86(1):44–61. doi:10.7146/ntfk.v86i1.137533.
  • Lang, R. E., and S. P. Hornburg 1998 What is social capital and why is it important to public policy? Housing Policy Debate 9(1):1–16. doi:10.1080/10511482.1998.9521284.
  • Mattingly, C. 2022 Crisis, alterity, and tradition: An anthropological contribution to critical phenomenology. Journal of Critical Phenomenology 5(2):45–66. doi:10.5399/pjcp.v5i2.4.
  • Mazelis, J. M. 2017 Surviving Poverty: Creating Sustainable Ties Among the Poor. New York: New York University Press.
  • Ministry of Social Affairs and the Interior 2020 Ministerbrev af 31/3/2020 vedrørende indsats under coronaudbruddet til hjemløse med misbrug under COVID-19. file:///U:/Coronaprojekt/ministerbrev-vedroerende-indsatsen-til-hjemloese-med-misbrug-under-covid-19.pdf.
  • Mokos, J. T. 2017 Stigmatized places as therapeutic landscapes. Medicine Anthropology Theory 4(1):123–51. doi:10.17157/mat.4.1.362.
  • Nielsen, J. H., and J. Lindvall 2021 Trust in government in Sweden and Denmark during the COVID-19 epidemic. West European Politics 44(5–6):1180–204. doi:10.1080/01402382.2021.1909964.
  • Nordjyske Stiftstidende 2020a Hjemløse forsvinder fra Aalborgs gader. https://apps-infomedia-dk.ez.statsbiblioteket.dk:12048/mediearkiv/link?articles=e7a547e1, accessed March 31.
  • Nordjyske Stiftstidende 2020b John er hjemløs og særligt udsat for corona-smitte. https://apps-infomedia-dk.ez.statsbiblioteket.dk:12048/mediearkiv/link?articles=e7a716ad, accessed April 4.
  • Nygaard-Christensen, M., and E. Houborg 2023 Pandemic lockdown as policy window for street-level innovation of health and substitution treatment services for people who use drugs. Drugs, Habits and Social Policy 24(3):232–45. doi:10.1108/DHS-03-2023-0008.
  • Nygaard-Christensen, M., E. Houborg, and B. Thylstrup 2021 Covid-19 som handlingsrum for substitutionsbehandling og samarbejder omkring socialt udsatte stofbrugere. Uden for Nummer 42:4–15.
  • Nygaard-Christensen, M., and S. M. Pedersen 2020 Social udsathed som ressource? Brugerperspektiver på COVID-19-krisen på varmestuer og hjemløseherberger. Psyke & Logos 41(2):131–48. doi:10.7146/pl.v41i2.127512.
  • Nygaard-Christensen, M., and T. F. Søgaard 2023 What’s in stock? Drug drought anticipation during COVID-19 among people who use drugs and service providers. International Journal of Drug Policy 117:104048. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104048.
  • O’Shaughnessy, B. R., and R. M. Greenwood 2021 Autonomy and authority: Homeless service users’ empowering experiences in housing first and staircase services. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology 31(3):288–304. doi:10.1002/casp.2511.
  • Olagnier, D., and T. H. Mogensen 2020 The Covid-19 pandemic in Denmark: Big lessons from a small country. Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews 53:10–12. doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.005.
  • Parsell, C., and A. Clarke 2019 Agency in advanced liberal services: Grounding sociological knowledge in homeless people’s accounts. The British Journal of Sociology 70(1):356–76. doi:10.1111/1468-4446.12346.
  • Parsell, C., A. Clarke, and E. Kuskoff 2023 Understanding responses to homelessness during COVID-19: An examination of Australia. Housing Studies 38(1):8–21. doi:10.1080/02673037.2020.1829564.
  • Parsell, C., and M. Parsell 2012 Homelessness as a choice. Housing Theory & Society 29(4):420–34. doi:10.1080/14036096.2012.667834.
  • Politiken 2020 Hjemløs: Jeg er i isolation. I en parkeringskælder. https://apps-infomedia-dk.ez.statsbiblioteket.dk:12048/mediearkiv/link?articles=e7a1f4a8, accessed March 21.
  • Rhodes, T. 2002 The ‘risk environment’: A framework for understanding and reducing drug-related harm. International Journal of Drug Policy 13(2):85–94. doi:10.1016/S0955-3959(02)00007-5.
  • Robertson, L. A. 2006 Risk, citizenship, and public discourse: Coeval dialogues on war and health in Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside. Medical Anthropology 25(4):297–330. doi:10.1080/01459740601021160.
  • Roe, L., J. Proudfoot, J. Tay Wee Teck, R. D. Irvine, S. Frankland, and A. M. Baldacchino 2021 Isolation, solitude and social distancing for people who use drugs: An ethnographic perspective. Frontiers in Psychiatry 1599:1–7. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.623032.
  • Schnaider, K., S. Schiavetto, F. Meier, B. Wasson, B. B. Allsopp, and D. Spikol 2021 Governmental response to the COVID-19 pandemic-a quantitative ethnographic comparison of public health authorities’ communication in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. In Advances in Quantitative Ethnography: Second International Conference, ICQE 2020, Malibu, CA, USA, Proceedings 2, Pp. 406–21. Springer International Publishing.
  • Schofield, J., J. Dumbrell, C. Matheson, T. Parkes, and A. Bancroft 2022 The impact of COVID-19 on access to harm reduction, substance use treatment and recovery services in Scotland: A qualitative study. BMC Public Health 22(1):1–10. doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12873-y.
  • Settembrino, M. R. 2017 “Sometimes you can’t even sleep at night:” Social vulnerability to disasters among men experiencing homelessness in central Florida. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 35(2):30–48. doi:10.1177/028072701703500203.
  • Smith, D. J. 2003 Imagining HIV/AIDS: Morality and perceptions of personal risk in Nigeria. Medical Anthropology 22(4):343–72. doi:10.1080/714966301.
  • Snow, D. A., and L. Anderson 1993 Down on Their Luck: A Study of Homeless Street People. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Stephenson, N., M. Davis, P. Flowers, C. MacGregor, and E. Waller 2014 Mobilising “vulnerability” in the public health response to pandemic influenza. Social Science and Medicine 102:10–17. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.11.031.
  • Stolte, O., and D. Hodgetts 2015 Being healthy in unhealthy places: Health tactics in a homeless lifeworld. Journal of Health Psychology 20(2):144–53. doi:10.1177/1359105313500246.
  • Storer, E., K. Dawson, and C. A. Fergus 2022 Covid-19 riskscapes: Viral risk perceptions in the African great lakes. Medical Anthropology 41(4):387–403. doi:10.1080/01459740.2022.2047675.
  • Storgaard, S. F., A. H. Eiset, F. Abdullahi, and C. Wejse 2020 First wave of COVID-19 did not reach the homeless population in Aarhus. Danish Medical Journal 67(12):1–7.
  • Trnka, S., and S. G. Davies 2020 Blowing bubbles: COVID-19, New Zealand’s bubble metaphor, and the limits of households as sites of responsibility and care. In COVID-19: Volume I: Global Pandemic, Societal Responses, Ideological Solutions. 1st edition. J. M. Ryan, eds. Pp. 167–83. New York: Routledge.
  • Tsing, A. L. 1993 In the Realm of the Diamond Queen: Marginality in an Out-Of-The-Way Place. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • TV2 Lorry. 2020 Corona-tiltag rammer hjemløse hårdt: Væresteder lukker ned. TV2 Lorry. https://www.tv2lorry.dk/lorryland/corona-tiltag-rammer-hjemloese-haardt-vaeresteder-lukker-ned, accessed March 15.
  • Vickery, J. 2017 Every day is a disaster: Homelessness and the 2013 Colorado floods. PhD dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Colorado.
  • Vickery, J. 2018 Using an intersectional approach to advance understanding of homeless persons’ vulnerability to disaster. Environmental Sociology 4(1):136–47. doi:10.1080/23251042.2017.1408549.
  • Vigh, H. 2008 Crisis and chronicity: Anthropological perspectives on continuous conflict and decline. Ethnos 73(1):5–24. doi:10.1080/00141840801927509.
  • Vigh, H. 2009 Motion squared: A second look at the concept of social navigation. Anthropological Theory 9(4):419–38. doi:10.1177/1463499609356044.
  • Walters, V., and J. C. Gaillard 2014 Disaster risk at the margins: Homelessness, vulnerability and hazards. Habitat International 44:211–19. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.06.006.
  • WHO 2021 A Timeline of Who’s Response to COVID-19 in the WHO European Region: A Living Document (Version 2.0 from 31 December 2019 to 31 December 2020). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
  • Wisner, B. 1998 Marginality and vulnerability: Why the homeless of Tokyo don’t “count’ in disaster preparations. Applied Geography 18(1):25–33. doi:10.1016/S0143-6228(97)00043-X.
  • Zolopa, C., S. Hoj, J. Bruneau, J. S. Meeson, N. Minoyan, M. F. Raynault, J. Makarenko, et al. 2021 A rapid review of the impacts of “Big events” on risks, harms, and service delivery among people who use drugs: Implications for responding to COVID-19. International Journal of Drug Policy 92:103127. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103127.