Trust in top management and immediate supervisor: The relationship to satisfaction, perceived organizational effectiveness, and information receiving

References

• Atwater , L. E. 1988 . The relative importance of situational and individual variables in predicting leader behavior: The surprising impact of subordinate trust. . Group and Organizational Studies , 13 : 290 – 310 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnard , C. 1938 . The function of the executive. , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Barnes , L. B. 1983 . Managing the paradox of organizational trust. . Harvard Business Review , March : 107 – 116 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennis , W. and Bierderman , P. W. 1997 . Organizing genius: The secrets of creative collaboration. , Reading, MA : Addison‐Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• Bhattacharya , R. , Devinney , T. M. and Pillutla , M. M. 1998 . A formal model of trust based on outcomes. . Academy of Management Review , 23 : 459 – 472 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollen , K. A. 1989 . Structural equations with latent variables. , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Brockner , J. and Siegel , P. 1996 . “ Understanding the interaction between procedural and distributive justice: The role of trust. ” . In Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research , Edited by: Kramer , R.M. and Tyler , T.R. 390 – 413 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Burke , K. 1954 . Permanence and change: An anatomy of purpose. , Los Altos, CA : Hermes .
   Google Scholar
• Butler , J. K. Jr. 1991 . Towards understanding and measuring conditions of trust: Evolution of conditions for trust inventory. . Journal of Management , 17 : 643 – 663 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne , B. M. 1989 . A primer of LISREL: Basic applications and programming for confirmatory factor analytic models. , New York : Springer‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Carmines , E. G. and Mclver , J. P. 1981 . “ Analyzing models with unobserved variables: Analysis of covariance structures. ” . In Social measurement: Current issues , Edited by: Bohnnstedt , G. W. and Borgatta , E. F. 65 – 115 . Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Carnevale , D. G. 1988 . “ Organization Trust: A test of a model of its determinants. ” . Florida State University . Unpublished dissertation.
   Google Scholar
• Cheney , G. 1983a . The rhetoric of identification and the study of organizational communication. . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 62 : 143 – 158 .
   Google Scholar
• Cheney , G. 1983b . On various and changing meanings of organizational membership: Afield study of organizational identification. . Communication Monographs , 50 : 342 – 362 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clampitt , P. and Downs , C. Communication and productivity. Paper presented at the annual convention of the Speech Communication Association . November , Washington, D.C..
   Google Scholar
• Coovert , M. D. , Penner , L. A. and MacCallum , R. 1990 . “ Covariance structure modeling in personality and social psychological research. ” . In Research methods in personality and social psychology , Edited by: Hendrick , C. and Clark , M. S. 185 – 216 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Coutu , D. L. 1998 . Organization: Trust in virtual teams. . Harvard Business Review , 76 : 20 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Crawford , D. 1998 . A matter of trust. . British Journal of Administrative Management , November : 24 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Cummings , L. L. and Bromiley , P. 1996 . “ The organizational trust inventory (OTI): Development and validation. ” . In Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research , Edited by: Kramer , R. M. and Tyler , T. R. 302 – 330 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Das , T. K. and Teng , B. 1998 . Between trust and control: Developing confidence in partner cooperation in alliances. . Academy of Management Review , 23 : 491 – 512 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dipboye , R. L. and Flanagan , M. F. 1979 . Research settings in industrial and organizational psychology: Are findings in the field more generalizable than in the laboratory? . American Psychologist , 34 : 141 – 150 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dwivedi , R. S. 1983 . Management by trust: A conceptual model. . Group and Organizational Studies , 8 : 375 – 402 .
   Google Scholar
• Ellis , K. and Shockley‐Zalabak , P. Communicating with management: Relating trust to job satisfaction and organizational effectiveness. Paper presented at National Communication Association Convention . November , Chicago, IL. pp. 1999
   Google Scholar
• Fairhurst , G. , Green , S. and Courtright , J. 1995 . Inertial forces and the implementation of a sociotechnical systems approach: A communication study. . Organizational Science , 6 : 168 – 185 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flanagan , J. C. 1954 . The critical incident . Psychological Bulletin , 51 : 327 – 357 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folger , R. and Konovsky , M. A. 1989 . Effects of procedural and distributive justice on reactions to pay raise decisions. . Academy of Management Journal , 32 : 115 – 130 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fried , Y. and Ferris , G. R. 1987 . The validity of the job characteristics model: A review and meta‐analysis. . Personnel Psychology , 40 : 287 – 322 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuyama , F. 1995 . Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gabarro , J. 1987 . The dynamics of taking charge. , Boston : Harvard Business School Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gibbs , J. and Gibson , S. 1998 . Organizational effectiveness. . Internal Auditor , 55 : 34 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Glaser , B. and Strauss , A. 1967 . The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. , Hawthorne, MY : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Goldhaber , G. and Rogers , D. 1979 . Auditing Organizational Communication Systems: The ICA Audit. , Dubuque, IA : Kendall Hunt .
   Google Scholar
• Goldhaber , G. , Yates , M. , Porter , D. and Lesniak , R. 1978 . Organizational communication: 1978 state of the art. . Human Communication Research , 5 : 76 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Gupta , N. and Beehr , T. A. 1982 . A test of the correspondence between self‐reports and alternative data sources about work organizations. . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 20 : 1 – 13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosmer , L. T. 1995 . Trust: The connecting link between organizational theory and philosophical ethics. . Academy of Management Review , 20 : 379 – 402 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoyle , R. H. , ed. 1995 . Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and application. , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Ingham , M. and Mothe , C. 1998 . How to learn in R & D partnerships? . R&D Management , 28 : 249 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jablin , F. 2001 . “ Organizational entry, assimilation, and disengagement/exit. ” . In The New Handbook of Organizational Communication , Edited by: Jablin , F. and Putnam , L. 732 – 818 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , T. M. and Bowie , N. E. 1998 . Moral hazards on the road to the “virtual”; corporation. . Business Ethics Quarterly , 8 : 273 – 292 .
   Google Scholar
• Jöreskog , K. G. and Sörbom , D. 1989 . LISREL 7 user's reference guide. , Chicago : Scientific Software International .
   Google Scholar
• Jöreskog , K. G. and Sörbom , D. 1996 . LISREL 8 user's reference guide. , Chicago : Scientific Software International .
   Google Scholar
• Kirkpatrick , S. and Locke , E. 1991 . Leadership: Do traits matter? . Academy of Management Executive , 5 : 48 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Knack , S. and Keefer , P. 1997 . Does social capital have an economic payoff? A cross‐country investigation. . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 112 : 1251 – 1288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konovsky , M. A. and Cropanzano , R. 1991 . Perceived fairness of employee drug testing as a predictor of employee attitudes and job performance. . Journal of Applied Psychology , 78 : 698 – 707 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leana , C. R. and Van Buren , H. J. III . 1999 . Organizational social capital and employment practices. . Academy of Management Review , 24 : 538 – 555 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewicki , R. J. , McAllister , D. J. and Bies , D. J. 1998 . Trust and distrust: New relationships and realities. . Academy of Management Review , 23 : 438 – 458 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis , M. , Cummings , H. and Long , L. Communication activity as a predictor of the fit between worker motivation and worker productivity. Paper presented at the annual convention of the International Communication Association . Minneapolis, MN.
   Google Scholar
• Maccoby , M. 1998 . Making values work. . Research‐Technology Management , 41 : 55 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh , H. W. 1987 . The hierarchical structure of self‐concept and the application of hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis. . Journal of Educational Measurement , 27 : 17 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer , R. C. , Davis , J. H. and Schoorman , F. D. 1995 . An integrative model of organizational trust. . Academy Management Review , 20 : 709 – 734 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCauley , D. P. and Kuhnert , K. W. 1992 . The Professional Manager. , New and Empire, NY : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• McGregor , D. 1967 . The professional manager. , New York, NY : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Meyerson , D. , Weick , K. E. and Kramer , R. M. 1996 . “ Swift trust and temporary groups. ” . In Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research , Edited by: Kramer , R. M. and Tyler , T. R. 261 – 287 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Miles , R. E. and Snow , C. C. 1995 . Causes of failure in network organizations. . California Management Review, Summer , : 72 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , V. and Jablin , F. 1991 . Information seeking during organizational entry: Influences, tactics, and a model of the process. . Academy of Management Review , 16 : 92 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , V. , Johnson , J. , Hart , Z. and Peterson , D. 1999 . A test of antecedents and outcomes of employee role negotiation ability. . Journal of Applied Communication Research , 27 : 24 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishra , A. K. 1996 . “ Organizational responses to crisis: The centrality of trust. ” . In Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research , Edited by: Kramer , R. M. and Tyler , T. R. 261 – 287 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell , T. R. 1985 . An evaluation of the validity of correlational research conducted in organizations. . Academy of Management Review , 10 : 192 – 205 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morley , D. D. and Shockley‐Zalabak , P. 1991 . Setting the rules: An examination of the influence of organization founders’ values. . Management Communication Quarterly , 4 : 422 – 449 .
   Google Scholar
• Morley , D. D. , Shockley‐Zalabak , P. and Cesaria , R. 1997 . Organizational communication and culture: A study of ten Italian high‐technology companies. . The Journal of Business Communication , 34 : 253 – 268 .
   Google Scholar
• Muchinsky , P. M. 1977 . An intraorganizational analysis of the Roberts and O'Reilly organizational communication questionnaire. . Journal of Applied Psychology , 62 : 184 – 188 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nanus , B. 1989 . The leader's edge: The seven keys to leadership in a turbulent world. , Chicago, IL : Contemporary Books .
   Google Scholar
• Neff , T. J. and Citrin , J. M. 1999 . Lessons from the top: The search for America's best business leaders. , New York : Currency Doubleday .
   Google Scholar
• Niehoff , B. , Enz , C. and Grover , R. 1990 . The impact of top‐management actions on employee attitudes and perceptions. . Group and Organization Studies , 15 : 337 – 352 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Reilly , C. A. III . 1977 . Supervisors and peers as information sources, group supportiveness, and individual decision‐making performance. . Journal of Applied Psychology , 62 : 632 – 635 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Reilly , C. A. III and Roberts , K. H. 1974 . Information filtration in organizations: Three experiments. . Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , 11 : 253 – 265 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Reilly , C. A. III and Roberts , K. H. 1977 . Task group structure communication and effectiveness in three organizations. . Journal of Applied Psychology , 62 : 674 – 681 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouchi , W. G. 1981 . Theory Z: How American business can meet the Japanese challenge. , New York, NY : Avon .
   Google Scholar
• Pincus , J. 1986 . Communication satisfaction, job satisfaction, and job performance. . Human Communication Research , 12 : 395 – 419 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff , P. M. and Organ , D. W. 1986 . Self‐reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. . Journal of Management , 12 : 531 – 544 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rindskopf , D. 1984 . Latent variable models: Applications in education. . Contemporary Educational Psychology , 9 : 104 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rousseau , D. M. , Sitkin , S. B. , Burt , R. S. and Camerer , C. 1998 . Not so different after all: A cross‐discipline view of trust. . Academy of Management Review , 23 : 393 – 404 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rule , E. and Keown , S. 1998 . Competencies of high‐performing strategic alliances. . Strategy and Leadership , 26 : 36 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Sapienza , H. J. and Korsgaard , M. A. 1996 . Managing investor relations: the impact of procedural justice in establishing and sustaining investor support. . Academy of Management Journal , 39 : 544 – 574 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schall , M. S. 1983 . A communication‐rules approach to organizational culture. . Administrative Science Quarterly , 28 : 557 – 581 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schutz , W. 1994 . The human element. , San Francisco : Jossey‐Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Schweiger , D. and Denisi , A. 1991 . Communication with employees following a merger: A longitudinal field experiment. . Academy of Management Journal , 34 : 110 – 135 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , D. 1980 . The causal relationship between trust and the assessed value of management by objectives. . Journal of Management , 6 : 157 – 175 .
   Google Scholar
• Shockley‐Zalabak , P. and Cesaria , R. 1992 . Regole di comunicazione. . Sviluppo and Organizzazione , 134 : 93 – 109 .
   Google Scholar
• Shockley‐Zalabak , P. and Ellis , K. 2000 . Perceived organizational effectiveness, job satisfaction, culture, and communication: Challenging the traditional view. . Communication Research Reports , 17 : 375 – 386 .
   Google Scholar
• Shockley‐Zalabak , P. and Morley , D. D. 1989 . Adhering to organizational culture: What does it mean, why does it matter? . Group & Organizational Studies , 14 : 483 – 500 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shockley‐Zalabak , P. and Morley , D. D. 1994 . Creating a culture: A longitudinal examination of the influence of management and employee values on communication rule stability and emergence. . Human Communication Research , 20 : 334 – 355 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shockley‐Zalabak , P. , Morley , D. D. and Cesaria , R. Organizational influence processes: Perceptions of values, communication and effectiveness. Paper presented at the National Communication Association Convention . November , Chicago.
   Google Scholar
• Steiger , J. H. 1990 . Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 25 : 173 – 180 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens , J. 1996 . Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. , Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Tompkins , P. K. and Cheney , G. 1983 . “ Account analysis of organizations: Decision making and identification. ” . In Communication and Organizations: An Interpretive Approach , Edited by: Putnam , L. and Pacanowsky , M. 123 – 146 . Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Tsai , W. and Ghoshal , S. 1998 . Social capital and value creation: The role of intrafirm networks. . Academy of Management Journal , 41 : 464 – 476 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner , J.A. III and Crampton , S. M. 1990 . “ Percept‐percept methods in psychological research on organizations: A meta‐analytic investigation of artifactual effects. ” . In Academy of Management Best Papers Proceedings 1990 Edited by: Jauch , L. R. and Wall , J. L. 400 – 404 .
   Google Scholar
• Webb , E. J. 1996 . “ Trust and crisis. ” . In Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research , Edited by: Kramer , R. M. and Tyler , T. R. 288 – 301 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Wheaton , B. , Muthén , B. , Alwin , D. F. and Summers , G. F. 1977 . “ Assessing reliability and stability in panel models. ” . In Sociological methodology, 1977 , Edited by: Heise , D. R. 84 – 136 . San Francisco : Jossey‐Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Whitener , E. M. , Brodt , S. E. , Korsgaard , M. A. and Werner , J. M. 1998 . Managers as initiators of trust: An exchange relationship framework for understanding managerial trustworthy behavior. . Academy of Management Review , 23 : 513 – 530 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar