425
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric

References

  • Ahmad, S. R., Ahmad, T. R., Balasubramanian, V., Facente, S., Kin, C., & Girod, S. (2022). Are you really the doctor? Physician experiences with gendered microaggressions from patients. Journal of Women’s Health, 31(4), 521–532. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2021.0169
  • Allen, T. D., French, K. A., & Poteet, M. L. (2016). Women and career advancement: Issues and opportunities. Organizational Dynamics, 45(3), 206–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2016.07.006
  • Bennett, J. (2015, August). I’m not mad. That’s just my RBF. The New York Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20150905131731/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/02/fashion/im-not-mad-thats-just-my-resting-b-face.html
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Pragmatics, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Burgoon, J. K. (1993). Interpersonal expectations, expectancy violations, and emotional communication. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 12(1–2), 30–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X93121003
  • Burgoon, J. K., & Hale, J. L. (1988). Nonverbal expectancy violations: Model elaboration and application to immediacy behaviors. Communication Monographs, 55(1), 58–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637758809376158
  • Burgoon, J. K., & LePoire, B. A. (1993). Effects of communication expectancies, actual communication, and expectancy disconfirmation on evaluations of communicators and their communication behavior. Human Communication Research, 20(1), 67–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1993.tb00316.x
  • Camia, E. (2016, December). RBF and the reluctance to accept women’s anger. The SAGES University Seminar Essay Awards, 11.
  • Chanes, L., Wormwood, J. B., Betz, N., & Barrett, L. F. (2018). Facial expression predictions as drivers of social perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114(3), 380. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000108
  • Collins, L. G., Schrimmer, A., Diamond, J., & Burke, J. (2011). Evaluating verbal and non-verbal communication skills, in an ethnogeriatric OSCE. Patient Education and Counseling, 83(2), 158–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2010.05.012
  • Davis, B. C., Warnick, B. J., Anglin, A. H., & Allison, T. H. (2021). Gender and counterstereotypical facial expressions of emotion in crowdfunded microlending. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 45(6), 1339–1365. https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587211029770
  • Deutsch, F. M., LeBaron, D., & Fryer, M. M. (1987). What is in a smile? Psychology of Women Quarterly, 11(3), 341–352. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1987.tb00908.x
  • Floyd, K., Morman, M. T., Maré, J., & Holmes, E. (2021). How Americans communicate affection: Findings from a representative national sample. Communication Quarterly, 69(4), 383–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2021.1951794
  • Gibson, C. (2016, February). Scientists have discovered what causes resting bitch face. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2016/02/02/scientists-have-discovered-the-source-of-your-resting-bitch-face/
  • Griffith, C. H., Wilson, J. F., Langer, S., & Haist, S. A. (2003). House staff nonverbal communication skills and standardized patient satisfaction. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 18(3), 170–174. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.10506.x
  • Grushkin, R. (2014, October 7). I’ll smile when I want to: Why resting bitch face is sexist. Her Campus. https://www.hercampus.com/school/american/ill-smile-when-i-want-why-resting-bitch-face-sexist/
  • Gunaydin, G., Selcuk, E., & Zayas, V. (2017). Impressions based on a portrait predict, 1-month later, impressions following a live interaction. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550616662123
  • Hack, T. (2014). Forming impressions: Effects of facial expression and gender stereotypes. Psychological Reports, 114(2), 557–571. https://doi.org/10.2466/07.17.PR0.114k17w6
  • Hackett, P. M., & Jacobson, L. D. (1995). Development of a scale to measure psychosocial reaction associated with the approachability of family practice consultations. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 23(4), 327–334. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1995.23.4.327
  • Hall, J. A., Harrigan, J. A., & Rosenthal, R. (1995). Nonverbal behavior in clinician—patient interaction. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 4(1), 21–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-1849(05)80049-6
  • Hall, J. A., & Ruben, M. A. (2020). First impressions of physicians according to their physical and social group characteristics. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 44(2), 279–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-019-00329-8
  • Hess, U., Adams, R., Jr., & Kleck, R. (2005). Who may frown and who should smile? Dominance, affiliation, and the display of happiness and anger. Cognition & Emotion, 19(4), 515–536. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930441000364
  • Hester, N. (2019). Perceived negative emotion in neutral faces: Gender-dependent effects on attractiveness and threat. Emotion, 19(8), 1490–1494. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000525
  • Jayanti, R. K., & Whipple, T. W. (2008). Like me … like me not: The role of physician likability on service evaluations. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 16(1), 79–86. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679160106
  • Kashyap, P. (2019, July 31). Acid reflux and GERD: The same thing? Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heartburn/expert-answers/heartburn-gerd/faq-20057894
  • Kee, J. W., Khoo, H. S., Lim, I., & Koh, M. Y. (2018). Communication skills in patient-doctor interactions: Learning from patient complaints. Health Professions Education, 4(2), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpe.2017.03.006
  • Klingle, R. S., & Burgoon, M. (1995). Patient compliance and satisfaction with physician influence attempts: A reinforcement expectancy approach to compliance-gaining over time. Communication Research, 22(2), 148–187. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365095022002002
  • LaFrance, M., Paluck, E. L., & Hecht, M. A. (2003). The contingent smile: A meta-analysis of sex differences in smiling. Psychological Bulletin, 129(2), 305–334. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.2.305
  • Little, P., White, P., Kelly, J., Everitt, H., & Mercer, S. (2015). Randomised controlled trial of a brief intervention targeting predominantly non-verbal communication in general practice consultations. British Journal of General Practice, 65(635), e351–356. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp15X685237
  • Marcelin, J. R., Siraj, D. S., Victor, R., Kotadia, S., & Maldonado, Y. A. (2019). The impact of unconscious bias in healthcare: How to recognize and mitigate it. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 220(Supplement_2), S62–73. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz214
  • Mayo Clinic. (2019, April 19). Indigestion. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/indigestion/symptoms-causes/syc-20352211
  • McCroskey, J., & Teven, J. J. (1999). Goodwill: A reexamination of the construct and its measurement. Communication Monographs, 66(1), 90–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637759909376464
  • Miles, L. K. (2009). Who is approachable? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(1), 262–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2008.08.010
  • Myers, C. G., & Sutcliffe, K. M. (2018, August 30). How discrimination against female doctors hurts patients. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2018/08/how-discrimination-against-female-doctors-hurts-patients
  • Nagle, J. E., Brodsky, S. L., & Weeter, K. (2014). Gender, smiling, and witness credibility in actual trials. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 32(2), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2112
  • Olivola, C. Y., Funk, F., & Todorov, A. (2014). Social attributions from faces bias human choices. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(11), 566–570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.09.007
  • Oxford. (2019). Resting bitch face. Lexico. https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/resting_bitch_face
  • Palladino, R. (2019). Judging facial expressions of emotion: Effects of gender [ Master’s thesis, CUNY Hunter College]. CUNY Academic Works.
  • Park, S. G., & Park, K. H. (2018). Correlation between nonverbal communication and objective structured clinical examination score in medical students. Korean Journal of Medical Education, 30(3), 199–208. https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2018.94
  • Ports, K. A., Reddy, D. M., & Barnack-Tavlaris, J. L. (2013). Sex differences in health care provider communication during genital herpes care and patients’ health outcomes. Journal of Health Communication, 18(12), 1436–1448. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2013.798377
  • Richmond, V. P., Heisel, A. M., Smith, R. S., Jr., & McCroskey, J. C. (1998). The impact of communication apprehension and fear of talking with a physician on perceived medical outcomes. Communication Research Reports, 15(4), 344–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824099809362133
  • Salminen, J., Jung, S. G., Santos, J. M., & Jansen, B. J. (2020). Does a smile matter if the person is not real?: The effect of a smile and stock photos on persona perceptions. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 36(6), 568–590. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2019.1664068
  • Sue, D. W., Capodilupo, C. M., Torino, G. C., Bucceri, J. M., Holder, A. M. B., Nadal, K. L., & Esquilin, M. (2007). Racial microaggressions in everyday life: Implications for clinical practice. The American Psychologist, 62(4), 271–286. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271
  • Todorov, A., Olivola, C. Y., Dotsch, R., & Mende Siedlecki, P. (2015). Social attributions from faces: Determinants, consequences, accuracy, and functional significance. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 519–545. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143831
  • Turnbull, H. (2016). The illusion of inclusion: Global inclusion, unconscious bias, and the bottom line. Business Expert Press.
  • Yuan, S., & Besley, J. C. (2018). Talking aggressively about GMOs? Examining the effect of aggressive risk communication with communicator’s facial expression and gender. Journal of Risk Research, 21(12), 1592–1607. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2017.1351480

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.