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The ghosts unmasked: A review of literature on speechwriting

Pages 41-47 | Published online: 21 May 2009

Notes

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  • Carter , Jimmy . 1977 . A Government as Good as Its People , 7 New York : Simon and Schuster .
  • Brigance , W. Norwood . 1956 . “Ghostwriting Before Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Radio,” . Today's Speech , 4 ( 3 ) : 10
  • Jebb , R.C. 1876 . The Attic Orators, , Vols. I and II , London : Macmillan and Co. .
  • Corbett , Edward P.J. 1965 . Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student , 536 – 38 . New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Kennedy , George . 1963 . The Art of Persuasion in Greece, , Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press .
  • Enos , Richard L. 1974 . “The Persuasive and Social Force of Logography in Ancient Greece,” . Central States Speech Journal, , 25 : 4 – 10 .
  • Avery , William T. 1959 . “Roman Ghost‐Writers,” . Classical Journal, , 54 : 167 – 69 .
  • Nichols , Marie Hochmuth . 1963 . “Ghost Writing: Implications for Public Address,” . In Rhetoric and Criticism , 36 Baton Rouge : Louisiana State University Press .
  • Usher , S. 1976 . “Lysias and His Clients,” . Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies, , 17 : 31 – 40 .
  • 1939 . “Senator Ashurst on Ghostwriters,” . Current History and Forum, , 50 Aug. : 39 – 40 .
  • Lavency , Marius . 1957 . “Aspects de la logographie judiciarire a l'epoque de Lysias,” . L'Antiquite Classique, , 26 : 125 – 35 .
  • Stelkovis , Walter J. 1954 . “Ghostwriting: Ancient and Honorable,” . Today's Speech, , 2 Jan. : 17 – 19 .
  • Gunderson , Robert G. 1960 . “Political Phrasemakers in Perspective,” . Southern Speech Communication Journal, , 26 : 22
  • Folliard , Edward T. 1972 . “No Longer a Delicate Matter: Ghost Writing for Presidents,” . The Washington Post , 9 April : 6 Sec. B.
  • Fuess , Claude M. 1958 . “Ghosts in the White House,” . American Heritage, , 10 ( 1 ) : 45
  • 1971 . “A Presidential Ghost Story,” . Newsweek, , 77 11 Jan. : 21
  • Safire , William . 1968 . The New Language of Politics: An Anecdotal Dictionary of Catchwords, Slogans, and Political Usage , 414 New York : Random House .
  • Farrar , Larston D. 1956 . “Live Ghosts in Washington,” . The American Mercury, , 83 : 113
  • LaWanda and Cox , John H. 1961 . “Andrew Johnson and His Ghost Writers: An Analysis of the Freedmen's Bureau and Civil Rights Veto Message,” . The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, , 48 : 460 – 79 .
  • Bishop , Robert L . 1966 . “Bruce Barton — Presidential Stage Manager,” . Journalism Quarterly, , 43 : 85 – 89 .
  • Johnson , Seneca . 1939 . “In Defense of Ghost Writing,” . Harper's Magazine, , 179 : 538 – 39 .
  • Mathews , Milford M. 1951 . A Dictionary of Americanisms on Historical Principles Chicago
  • 1965 . History of Public Speaking in America , 515 Boston : Allyn and Bacon, Inc. .
  • Brandenburg , Earnest and Braden , Waldo . 1963 . “Franklin Delano Roosevelt,” . In A History and Criticism and American Public Address, , Edited by: Hochmuth , Marie III . 464 – 82 . Baton Rouge : Louisiana State University Press .
  • Brandenburg , Earnest . 1949 . “The Preparation of Franklin D. Roosevelt's Speeches,” . Quarterly Journal of Speech, , 35 : 214 – 21 .
  • Crowell , Laura . 1955 . “The Building of the ‘Four Freedoms’ Speech,” . Speech Monographs, , 22 : 266 – 83 .
  • Benson , Thomas . 1969 . “Inaugurating Peace: Franklin D. Roosevelt's Last Speech,” . Speech Monographs, , 36 : 138 – 47 .
  • Anderson , Patrick . 1968 . The President's Men , 19 29 40 – 42 . 57 72 77 – 78 . Garden City, N.Y. : Doubleday and Co., Inc. .
  • Ray , Robert F. 1956 . “Ghostwriting in Presidential Campaigns,” . Central States Speech Journal, , 8 : 10 – 11 .
  • Rosenman , Samuel I. 1952 . Working With Roosevelt , New York : Harper and Brothers, Publishers .
  • Michelson , Charles . 1944 . The Ghost Talks , New York : G.P. Putnam's Sons .
  • Sherwood , Robert E. 1948 . Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History , New York : Harper .
  • Tully , Grace G. 1949 . F.D.R., My Boss , New York : C. Scribner's Sons .
  • Carter , John Franklin . 1960 . Power and Persuasion , 20 New York : Duell, Sloan, and Pearch .
  • Moley , Raymond . 1948 . 27 Masters of Politics in a Personal Perspective , 149 New York : Funk and Wagnals Co. .
  • Perkins , Frances . 1946 . The Roosevelt I Knew , New York : The Macmillan Co. .
  • Bormann , Ernest . 1956 . “Ghostwriting Agencies,” . Today's Speech , 4 ( 3 ) : 20 – 23 . 30
  • 1952 . “The Talk of the Town,” . The New Yorker , 28 23 Feb. : 23
  • 1952 . “Notes and Comment: Course in Ghostwriting at American University,” . New Yorker , 28 26 Feb. : 23
  • Starr , Douglas P. 1977 . “Campus Innovation: Teaching Speech Ghostwriting as a Separate Course,” . Communication Education, , 26 Jan. : 79 – 82 .
  • Tarver , Jerry . 8 Feb. 1980 . “Logography in Academe: A Look at the Teaching of Speechwriting,” . 8 Feb. , Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina . lecture at the
  • 1948 . “Inside Strategy of the Campaign,” . Lile , 25 15 Nov. : 48
  • 1959 . “The Private Utters of the President,” . Life Magazine , 46 16 March : 106
  • 7 Jan. 1955 . “Behind Each Eisenhower Speech: Men Who Do the Writing,” . In U.S. News and World Report Vol. 38 , 7 Jan. , 12
  • Golden , James L . 1966 . “John F. Kennedy and the ‘Ghosts,’ “ . Quarterly Journal of Speech, , 52 : 348 – 57 .
  • Sorensen , Theodore C. 1965 . Kennedy , New York : Harper and Row .
  • Bryant , Donald C. and Wallace , Karl R. 1976 . Fundamentals of Public Speaking, , 5th ed. , 433 – 54 . Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice‐Hall, Inc. .
  • Hall , Robert N. 1965 . “Lyndon Johnson's Speech Preparation,” . Quarterly Journal of Speech, , 51 : 168 – 76 .
  • 28 June 1965 . “Who's Writing LBJ's Speeches?” . In U.S. News and World Report, Vol. 58 , 28 June , 57
  • Robertson , Nan . 1964 . “24 Writers Took 6 Weeks to Draft 40‐Minute Speech,” . New York Times , 9 Jan. : 16
  • McPherson , Harry . 1972 . “Beyond Words: Writing for the President,” . Atlantic Monthly , 229 April : 39 – 45 .
  • Fischer , John . 1965 . “A Footnote on Adlai E. Stevenson,” . Harper's Magazine, , 231 Nov. : 18 – 29 .
  • Windes , Russell Jr. 1960 . “Adlai E. Stevenson's Speech Staff in the 1956 Campaign,” . Quarterly Journal of Speech, , 46 : 32 – 43 .
  • 26 Sept. 1952 . “Stevenson's Ghost Writer,” . In U.S. News and World Report Vol. 33 , 26 Sept. , 57 – 59 .
  • Moley , Raymond . 1964 . “Goldwater's Staff — II,” . Newsweek , 64 31 Aug. : 80
  • Rovere , Richard H. 1964 . “The Minds of Barry Goldwater,” . Harper's Magazine, , 229 Sept. : 37 – 42 .
  • Smith , Craig R. 1976 . “Contemporary Political Speech Writing,” . The Southern Speech Communication Journal , 42 Fall : 59 – 60 .
  • Medhurst , Martin J. and Dreibelbis , Gary C. 1978 . “The Ghost of McGovern,” . Communication Quarterly, , 26 : 37 – 43 .
  • Persico , Joseph E. 1972 . “The Rockefeller Rhetoric: Writing Speeches for the 1970 Campaign,” . Today's Speech , 20 Spring : 57 – 61 .
  • Smith . “Contemporary,” . 54 – 57 . 60 – 61 .
  • Huebner , Lee W. 1970 . “The Debater. The Speechwriter, and the Challenge of Public Persuasion,” . The Journal of the American Forensic Association , 7 : 1 – 12 .
  • Safire , William . 1975 . Before the Fall: An Inside View of the Pre‐Watergate White House , Garden City, N.Y. : Doubleday and Co., Inc. .
  • Maxey , David R. 1970 . “How Nixon Decided to Invade Cambodia,” . Look , 34 11 Aug. : 22 – 25 .
  • Padrow , Ben and Richards , Bruce . 1959 . “Richard Nixon ... His Speech Preparation.” . Today's Speech , 7 ( 4 ) : 11 – 12 .
  • Bonafede , Dom . 1972 . “Report/Speechwriters Play Strategic Role in Conveying, Shaping Nixon's Policies,” . National Journal , 4 ( 8 ) : 311 – 20 .
  • Honen , William H. 1969 . “The Men Behind Nixon's Speeches,” . The New York Times Magazine , 19 Jan. : 20 – 21 . 63 65 – 67 . 73 75
  • Smith , Craig R. 1971 . “Richard Nixon's 1968 Acceptance Speech as a Model of Dual Audience Adaptation,” . Today's Speech , 19 ( 4 ) : 15 – 22 .
  • Keogh , James . 1972 . President Nixon and the Press , New York : Funk and Wagnalls .
  • Chapel , Gage William . 1976 . “Speechwriting in the Nixon Administration,” . Journal of Communication, , 26 : 65 – 72 .
  • Auer , J. Jeffery . 2 May 1978 . “Ghostwriting for Presidents,” . 2 May , 1 – 2 . 6 – 8 . Ohio University .
  • Reeves , Richard . 1975 . A Ford, Not a Lincoln , New York : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich .
  • Smith , Craig R. 1977 . “Appendum to ‘Contemporary Political Speech Writing,’ “ . The Southern Speech Communication Journal , 42 Winter : 191 – 94 .
  • Broder , David S. 1977 . “Ghosts of Speeches Past,” . Washington Post , 4 Dec. : 7 Sec. C
  • Chapel , Gage William . 1978 . “Humor in the White House: An Interview with Presidential Speechwriter Robert Orben.” . Communication Quarterly, , 26 : 44 – 49 .
  • Chapel , Gage W. 1976 . “Speechwriting in the Ford Administration: An Interview with Presidential Speech Writer Robert Orben,” . Exetasis , 3(15 June : 16 – 27 .
  • Kucharsky , David . 1976 . The Man From Plains: The Mind and Spirit of Jimmy Carter , 32 New York : Harper and Row, Publishers .
  • Hunt , Albert R. 1976 . “Jimmy Carter's Advisers,” . The Wall Street Journal , 25 May : 20
  • Shrum , Robert . 1976 . “No Private Smiles,” . New Times , 11 June : 23 – 42 .
  • Smith . “Contemporary,” . 61 – 64 .
  • Ritter , Kurt W. 1968 . “Ronald Reagan and ‘The Speech’: The Rhetoric of Public Relations Politics,” . Western Speech , 32 : 50 – 58 .
  • Adams , Alexander B. 1965 . Handbook on Practical Public Relations , New York : Thomas Y. Crowell Co. .
  • Arnold , Christian K. 1963 . “Tips on Using Ghostwriters,” . Management Review, , 52 May : 41 – 45 .
  • Pope , Jean . 1979 . “Care and Feeding of Speechwriters,” . Public Relations Journal , 35 May : 6 – 9 .
  • Harlan , Gene and Scott , Alan . 1956 . Contemporary Public Relations: Principles and Cases , Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice‐Hall, Inc. .
  • Harlow , Rex F. and Black , Marvin M. 1952 . Practical Public Relations , New York : Harper and Brothers .
  • Nielander , William A. and Miller , Raymond W. 1951 . Public Relations , New York : The Ronald Press Co. .
  • Stephenson , Howard , ed. 1960 . Handbook of Public Relations , New York : McGraw‐Hill Book Co. .
  • Smith , Craig . “Richard Nixon's 1968 Acceptance Speech,” . 15 – 22 .
  • Bormann . “Ghostwriting and the Rhetorical Critic,” . 287
  • 1967 . “Ghostwriters Give Boss the Word,” . Business Week , 21 Jan. : 74
  • Pimlott , John A.R. 1951 . Public Relations and American Democracy , Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press .
  • Bormann . “Ghostwrting and the Rhetorical Critic,” . 287 – 88 .
  • Chapel . “Speechwriting in the Nixon Administration,” . 67
  • Bart , Peter . 1963 . “The Busy Ghosts,” . Saturday Review , 46 14 Sept. : 78
  • Bormann . “Ghostwriting and the Rhetorical Critic,” . 288
  • Bormann , Ernest G. 1961 . “Ethics of Ghostwritten Speeches,” . Quarterly Journal of Speech, , 47 : 263
  • Bormann . “Ghostwriting and the Rhetorical Critic,” . 288
  • Bormann . “Ghostwriting Agencies,” . 23
  • Bormann , Ernest G. 1961 . “Ghostwritten Speeches — A Reply,” . Quarterly Journal of Speech, , 47 : 420 – 21 .
  • Sevareid , Eric . 1952 . One Ear , 160 – 63 . New York : Alfred A. Knopf .
  • May , Emest R. 1953 . “Ghost Writing and History,” . The American Scholar, , 22 : 463
  • Dart , Rufus II . 1932 . “The Ventriloquists of Washington,” . Scribner's Magazine, , 92 : 268 – 74 .
  • Lippman , Walter and Safire . The New Language, 414
  • Auer . “Ghostwriting for Presidents,” . 26 – 28 .
  • 1945 . “Ghost Never Tells,” . Christian Science Monitor , 24 Feb.
  • Auer , J. Jeffery . 1979 . “The Political Speechwriter,” . Communication Association of the Pacific Convention . July 31 1979 , Honolulu.
  • Smith , Donald K. 1961 . “Ghostwritten Speech,” . Quarterly Journal of Speech, , 47 : 416 – 20 .
  • McCroskey , James C. 1978 . An Introduction to Rhetorical Communication, , 3rd ed. , 283 – 84 . Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice‐Hall, Inc. .
  • Oliver , Robert T. 1962 . “Syngman Rhee: A Case Study in Transitional Oratory,” . Quarterly Journal of Speech, , 48 : 115 – 27 .
  • Johannesen , Richard L. 1981 . Ethics in Human Communication , 79 – 80 . Prospect Heights, Ill. : Waveland Press, Inc. .
  • Auer . “Ghostwriting for Presidents,” . 27
  • Bormann . “Ethics,” . 266
  • Safire . The New Language 414 – 15 .
  • Bormann . “Ghostwritten Speeches,” . 420
  • Moyers , Bill . “A Presidential,” . 22
  • Rosenman , Judge Samuel . “A Presidential,” . 22
  • 1978 . The Washington Star , 14 May
  • Tarver , Jerry , ed. June‐July 1978 . The Effective Speechwriter's Newsletter Vol. 4 , June‐July , No. 1
  • Berger , Josef and Benson , Thomas . 1968 . “Conversation with a Ghost,” . Today's Speech, , 16 : 73
  • Grayson , Mel . 1978 . “Ghosts at the Podium,” . Advertising Age , 49 9 Oct. : 65 – 66 .
  • Benson . “Conversation,” . 75 – 77 .
  • 1977 . Quarterly Journal of Speech, , 63 : 219 – 89 .
  • Auer . “The Political Speechwriter,” . 5 – 6 .
  • Auer , J. Jeffrey . 1959 . An Introduction to Research in Speech , 124 – 26 . New York : Harper and Brothers, Publishers .
  • Thonssen , Lester , Baird , A. Craig and Braden , Waldo W. 1970 . Speech Criticism, , 2nd ed. , 332 – 34 . New York : The Ronald Press Co. .
  • Devlin , L. Patrick . 1974 . “The Influences of Ghostwriting on Rhetorical Criticism,” . Today's Speech , 22 ( 3 ) : 7 – 12 .
  • Oliver . “Syngman Rhee,” . 115 – 27 .
  • Auer , J. Jeffery . 1979 . “The Image of the Right Honourable Margaret Thatcher,” . Central States Speech Journal, , 30 : 289 – 310 .
  • Bormann . “Ghostwriting Agencies,” . 20 – 23 . 30
  • Alberts , R.C. 1967 . “So Your Boss Wants a Speech?” . Public Relations Journal, , 23 July : 20 – 22 .
  • Zelko , Harold P. and Dance , Frank E.X. 1965 . Business and Professional Speech Communication , New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston .
  • Mason , Robert S. 1977 . “Is Anybody Listening? A Fresh Look at the Art of Management Speechmaking,” . Sloan Management Review , 18 ( 3 ) : 79 – 89 .
  • Lichacz , Janice . 1980 . “The Art of Corporate Speechwriting: Trends and Techniques,” . Fairfield University . Thesis
  • 1962 . “The Ghost at the Graduation,” . Time , 79 ( 13 ) 30 March : 56 58
  • Frankel , A. 1968 . “On the Fringe: Ghost‐writer of Autobiographies,” . Saturday Review World , 51 23 Nov. : 59
  • Haggin , B.H. 1973 . “Who Wrote Stravinsky's Prose?” . Encounter , March : 45 – 48 .
  • Higdon , H. 1971 . “When Sports Figures Tum Author: Jocks and Their Ghosts,” . Saturday Review , 14 Aug. : 48 – 49 .
  • Aswell , E. Duncan . 1966 . “James’ Treatment of Artistic Collaboration,” . Criticism, , 8 Spring : 180 – 95 .
  • Nelson , R.P. 1968 . “Kinds of Literary Collaboration,” . Writers Digest , Oct. : 53
  • Erdman , David V. 1966 . Evidence for Authorship: Essay on Problems of Attribution , Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University Press .
  • 1927 . “Pranks of the Literary Ghost,” . Literary Digest , 94 30 July : 27
  • Sisk , J.P. 1960 . “Literary Ghosts,” . Commonweal , 73 9 Dec. : 274 – 76 .
  • Pearl , J. 1970 . “I'm a Fiction Ghost,” . Writers Digest, , 50 June : 30 – 32 .

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