291
Views
35
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Optical Solitons in Fibers for Communication Systems

, , &
Pages 287-313 | Received 15 Nov 2004, Accepted 25 Nov 2004, Published online: 23 Feb 2007

References

  • Zakharov , V. E. and Shabat , A. B. 1971 . Exact theory of two dimensional self-focusing and one-dimensional self-modulation of waves in nonlinear media . Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. , 61 : 118 – 134 .
  • Gardner , C. S. , Green , J. M. , Krukal , M. D. and Miura , R. M. 1967 . Method for solving the Korteweg-de-Vries equation . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 19 : 1095 – 1097 . [CROSSREF]
  • Hasegawa , A. and Tappert , F. D. 1973 . Transmission of stationary non-linear optical pulses in dispersive dielectric fibers. I. Anomalous dispersion . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 23 : 142 – 144 . [CROSSREF]
  • Mollenauer , L. F. , Stolen , R. H. and Gordon , J. P. 1980 . Experimental observation of picosecond pulse narrowing and solitons in optical fibers . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 45 : 1095 – 1098 . [CROSSREF]
  • Hasegawa , A. 1983 . Amplification and reshaping of optical solitons in a glass fiber-IV: Use of the stimulated Raman process . Opt. Lett. , 8 : 650 – 652 .
  • Mollenauer , L. F. and Smith , K. 1988 . Demonstration of soliton transmission over more than 4,000 km in fiber with loss periodically compensated by Raman gain . Opt. Lett. , 13 : 675 – 677 .
  • Gordon , J. P. and Haus , H. A. 1986 . Random walk of coherently amplified solitons in optical fiber transmission . Opt. Lett. , 11 : 665 – 667 .
  • Nakazawa , M. , Kimura , Y. and Suzuki , K. 1989 . Soliton amplification and transmission with Er3+-doped fiber repeater pumped by GaInAsP laser diode . Electron. Lett. , 25 : 199 – 200 .
  • Mollenauer , L. F. , Evangelides , S. G. and Haus , H. A. 1991 . Long-distance soliton propagation using lumped amplifiers and dispersion shifted fibers . J. Lightwave Technol. , 9 : 194 – 196 . [CROSSREF]
  • Hasegawa , A. and Kodama , Y. 1991 . Guiding-center soliton in optical fibers . Opt. Lett. , 16 : 1385 – 1387 .
  • Blow , K. J. and Doran , N. J. 1991 . Average soliton dynamics and the operation of soliton systems with lumped amplifiers . IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. , 3 : 369 – 371 . [CROSSREF]
  • Mollenauer , L. F. , Neubelt , M. J. , Haner , M. , Lichtman , E. , Evangelides , S. and Nyman , B. M. 1991 . Demonstration of error free soliton transmission at 2.5 Gbit/s over more than 14,000 km . Electron. Lett. , 27 : 2055 – 2056 .
  • Mecozzi , A. , Moores , J. D. , Haus , H. A. and Lai , Y. 1991 . Soliton transmission control . Opt. Lett. , 16 : 1841 – 1843 .
  • Kodama , Y. and Hasegawa , A. 1991 . Generation of asymptotically stable optical solitons and suppression of the Gordon-Haus effect . Opt. Lett. , 17 : 31 – 33 .
  • Mollenauer , L. F. , Lichtman , E. , Neubelt , M. J. and Nyman , B. M. 1993 . Demonstration of error-free soliton transmission over more than 15,000 km at 15 Gbbit/s, single channel, and more than 11,000 km at 10 Gbit/s in two channel WDM . Electron. Lett. , 29 : 910 – 911 . [CSA]
  • Mollenauer , L. F. , Gordon , J. P. and Evangelides , S. G. 1992 . The sliding-frequency guiding filter: An improved form of soliton jitter control . Opt. Lett. , 17 : 1575 – 1577 .
  • Mollenauer , L. F. , Lichtman , E. , Neubelt , M. J. and Harvey , G. T. 1993 . Demonstration, using sliding-frequency filters, of error free soliton transmission over more than 20 Mm at 10 Gbit/s, single channel, and over more than 13 Mm at 20 Gbit/s in two-channel WDM . Electron. Lett. , 29 : 910 – 911 . [CSA]
  • Nakazawa , M. , Kamada , Y. , Kubota , H. and Suzuki , E. 1991 . 10 Gbit/s soliton dta transmission over one million of kilometers . Electron. Lett. , 27 : 1270 – 1272 .
  • Forysiak , W. , Knox , F. M. and Doran , N. J. 1994 . Average soliton propagation in periodically amplified systems with stepwise dispersion-profiled fiber . Opt. Lett. , 19 : 174 – 176 .
  • Hasegawa , A. , Kumar , S. and Kodama , Y. 1996 . Reduction of collision-induced timing jitters in dispersion-managed soliton transmission systems . Opt. Lett. , 22 : 39 – 41 .
  • Suzuki , M. , Morita , I. , Edagawa , N. , Yamamoto , S. , Toga , H. and Akiba , S. 1995 . Reduction of Gordon-Haus jitter by periodic dispersion compensation in soliton transmission . Electron. Lett. , 31 : 2027 – 2028 . [CROSSREF]
  • Smith , N. J. , Knox , F. M. , Doran , N. J. , Blow , K. J. and Bennion , I. 1996 . Enhanced power solitons in optical fibers with periodic dispersion management . Electron. Lett. , 32 : 54 – 55 . [CROSSREF]
  • Hasegawa , A. 1998 . New Trends in Optical Soliton Transmission Systems , Dordrecht, , Holland : Kluwer .
  • Satsuma , J. and Yajima , N. 1974 . Initial value problems of one-dimensional self-modulation of nonlinear waves in dispersive media . Prog. Theor. Phys. , 55 ( Suppl. ) : 284 – 306 .
  • Karpman , V. I. and Maslov , E. M. 1977 . Perturbation theory for solitons . Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. , 73 : 537 – 559 .
  • Hasegawa , A. and Kodama , Y. 1995 . Solitons in Optical Communications , Oxford, , U.K. : Oxford University Press .
  • Essiambre , R. J. and Agrawal , G. P. 1997 . “ Soliton communication systems ” . In Progress in Optics XXXVII , Edited by: Wolf , E. Amsterdam : North Holland Physics and Elsevier Science .
  • Ferreira , M. F. 2004b . “ Raman, Brillouin and parametric amplifiers ” . In Encyclopedia of Modern Optics , Edited by: Guenther , B. 297 – 308 . Oxford, , U.K. : Elsevier .
  • Ferreira , M. F. 2004a . “ Optical amplifiers ” . In Encyclopedia of Optical Engineering , Edited by: Driggers , R. New York : Marcel Dekker .
  • Haus , H. A. and Lai , Y. 1990 . Quantum theory of soliton squeezing: A linearized approach . J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , 7 : 386 – 392 .
  • Georges , T. and Favre , F. 1991 . Influence of soliton interaction on amplifier noise-induced jitter: A first-order analytical solution . Opt. Lett. , 16 : 1656 – 1658 .
  • Hasegawa , A. and Kodama , Y. 1987 . Nonlinear pulse propagation in a monomode dielectric guide . IEEE J. Quantum Electron. , 23 : 510 – 524 . [CROSSREF]
  • Gordon , J. P. 1986 . Theory of soliton self-frequency shift . Opt. Lett. , 11 : 662 – 664 .
  • Facão, , M. V. and Ferreira , M. F. 2001 . Analysis of timing jitter for ultrashort soliton communication systems using perturbation methods . J. Nonlinear Math. Phys. , 8 : 112 – 117 .
  • Hasegawa , A. 1980 . Self-confinement of multimode optical pulse in a glass fiber . Opt. Lett. , 5 : 416 – 417 .
  • Marcuse , D. , Menyuk , C. R. and Wai , P. K. 1997 . Application of the Manakov-PMD equation to studies of signal propagation in optical fibers with random varying birefringence . J. Lightwave Technol. , 15 : 1735 – 1746 . [CROSSREF]
  • Mollenauer , L. F. , Smith , K. , Gordon , J. P. and Menyuk , C. R. 1989 . Resistance of solitons to the effects of polarization dispersion in optical fibers . Opt. Lett. , 14 : 1219 – 1221 .
  • Bakhshi , B. , Hansryd , J. , Andrekson , P. A. , Brentel , J. , Kolltveit , E. , Olsson , B. E. and Karlsson , M. 1999 . Experimental observation of soliton robustness to polarization mode dispersion in optical fibers . Electron. Lett. , 35 : 15 – 66 . [CROSSREF]
  • Xie , C. , Karlsson , M. , Andrekson , P. A. , Sunnerud , H. and Li , J. 2002 . Influences of polarization-mode dispersion on soliton transmission systems . IEEE J. Select. Top. Quantum Electron. , 8 : 575 – 590 . [CROSSREF]
  • Xie , C. , Magnus , M. , Sunnerud , H. and Andrekson , P. A. 2001 . Comparison of soliton robustness with respect to polarization-mode dispersion with first-order polarization-mode dispersion-compensated linear systems . Opt. Lett. , 26 : 672 – 674 .
  • Mollenauer , L. F. and Gordon , J. P. 1994 . Birefringence-mediated timing jitter in soliton transmission . Opt. Lett. , 19 : 375 – 377 .
  • Baker , S. M. , Elgin , J. N. and Harvey , H. J. 1999 . Soliton jitter in birefringent fibers . Opt. Commun. , 163 : 27 – 32 . [CROSSREF]
  • Ferreira , M. F. 1994 . Analysis of femtosecond optical soliton amplification in fiber amplifiers . Optics Commun. , 107 : 365 – 368 . [CROSSREF]
  • Mecozzi , A. , Midrio , M. and Romagnoli , M. 1996 . Timing jitter in soliton transmission with sliding filters . Opt. Lett. , 21 : 402 – 404 .
  • Ferreira , M. F. and Latas , S. V. 2001 . Timing jitter in soliton transmission with up- and down-sliding-frequency guiding filters . J. Lightwave Technol. , 19 : 332 – 335 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Nakazawa , M. , Suzuki , K. , Yamada , E. , Kubota , H. , Kimura , Y. and Takaya , M. 1993 . Experimental demonstration of soliton data transmission ober unlimited distances with soliton control in time and frequency domains . Electron. Lett. , 29 : 729 – 730 .
  • Kodama , Y. , Romagnoli , M. and Wabnitz , S. 1992 . Soliton stability and interactions in fiber lasers . Electron. Lett. , 28 : 1981 – 1983 . [CSA]
  • Matsumoto , M. , Ikeda , H. , Uda , T. and Hasegawa , A. 1995 . Stable soliton transmission in the system with nonlinear gain . J. Lightwave Technol. , 13 : 658 – 665 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Ferreira , M. F. 1997 . “ Ultrashort soliton stability in distributed fiber amplifiers with different pumping configurations ” . In Applications of Photonic Technology , Edited by: Lampropoulos , G. and Lessard , R. Vol. 2 , 249 – 254 . New York : Plenum Press .
  • Ferreira , M. F. and Facão , M. V. 1997 . Subpicosecond-femtosecond soliton transmission characteristics in an ultralong active fiber . SPIE Proc. , 2841 : 154 – 161 .
  • Ferreira , M. F. and Facão , M. V. 1997b . Ultrashort soliton propagation in a distributed fiber amplifier . Photon. Optoelectron. , 3 : 147 – 151 .
  • Ferreira , M. F. and Latas , S. V. 2002b . Soliton stability and compression in a system with nonlinear gain . Optical Eng. , 41 : 1696 – 1703 . [CROSSREF]
  • Akhmediev , N. N. , Ankiewicz , A. and Soto-Crespo , J. M. 1998 . Stable soliton pairs in optical transmission lines and fiber lasers . J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , 15 : 515 – 523 .
  • Akhmediev , N. N. , Afanasjev , V. V. and Soto-Crespo , J. M. 1996 . Singularities and special soliton solutions of the cubic-quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation . Phys. Rev. E , 53 : 1190 – 1201 . [CROSSREF]
  • Soto-Crespo , J. M. , Akhmediev , N. N. and Afanasjev , V. V. 1996 . Stability of the pulselike solutions of the quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation . J. Opt. Soc. Am. B , 13 : 1439 – 1448 .
  • Ferreira , M. F. , Facão , M. V. and Latas , S. V. 1999 . Solitonlike pulses in a system with nonlinear gain . Photon. Optoelectron. , 5 : 147 – 153 .
  • Ferreira , M. F. , Facão , M. V. and Latas , S. V. 2000 . Stable soliton propagation in a system with spectral filtering and nonlinear gain . Fiber Integrated Opt. , 19 : 31 – 41 .
  • Akhmediev , N. N. , Rodrigues , A. and Townes , G. 2001 . Interaction of dual-frequency pulses in passively mode-locked lasers . Opt. Commun. , 187 : 419 – 426 .
  • Afanasjev , V. V. and Akhmediev , N. N. 1996 . Soliton interaction in nonequilibrium dynamical systems . Phys. Rev. E , 53 : 6471 – 6475 . [CROSSREF]
  • Ferreira , M. F. and Latas , S. V. 2002a . “ Bound states of plain and composite pulses in optical transmission lines and fiber lasers ” . In Applications of Photonic Technology Edited by: Lessard , R. , Lampropoulos , G. and Schinn , G. Vol. 4833 , 845 – 854 . SPIE
  • Ferreira , M. F. , Latas , S. C. and Rodrigues , A. S. Interaction of plain and composite pulses: Multi-soliton solutions. To appear . Opt. Fiber Technol. ,
  • Nijhof , J. H. B. , Forysiak , W. and Doran , N. J. 2000 . The averaging method for finding exactly periodic dispersion-managed solitons . IEEE J. Select. Top. Quantum Electron. , 6 : 330 – 336 . [CROSSREF]
  • Sousa , M. H. , Ferreira , M. F. and Panameño. , E. M. A simplified averaging method for finding the true dispersion-managed soliton . SPIE Proc. , To appear in[CSA]
  • Turitsyn , S. K. , Gabitov , I. , Laedke , E. W. , Mezentsev , V. K. , Musher , S. L. , Shapiro , E. G. , Schäfer , T. and Spatschek , K. H. 1998 . Variational approach to optical pulse propagaton in dispersion compensated transmission systems . Opt. Commun. , 151 : 117 – 135 . [CROSSREF]
  • Sousa , M. H. , Ferreira , M. F. and Panameño , E. M. Analytic description of dispersion-managed fiber systems . SPIE Proc , To appear in[CSA]
  • Nijhof , J. H. B. , Doran , N. J. , Forysiak , W. and Berntson , A. 1998 . Stable soliton-like propagation in dispersion managed systems with net anomalous, zero and normal dispersion . Electron. Lett. , 33 : 1726 – 1727 . [CROSSREF]
  • Sousa. , M. H. and Ferreira , M. F. 2001 . Dispersion-managed solitons with normal average dispersion . SPIE Proc. , 4581 : 137 – 148 .
  • Jacob , J. M. , Golovchenko , E. A. , Pilipetskii , A. N. , Carter , G. M. and Menyuk , C. R. 1997 . Experimental demonstration of soliton transmission over 28 Mm using mostly normal dispersion fiber . IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. , 9 : 130 – 131 . [CROSSREF]
  • Smith , N. J. , Forysiak , W. and Doran , N. J. 1996 . Reduced Gordon-Haus jitter due to enhanced power solitons in strongly dispersion managed systems . Electron. Lett. , 32 : 2085 – 2086 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Carter , G. M. , Jacob , J. M. , Menyuk , C. R. , Golovchenko , E. A. and Pilipetskii , A. N. 1997 . Timing-jitter reduction for a dispersion-managed soliton system: Experimental evidence . Opt. Lett. , 22 : 513 – 515 .
  • Okamawari , T. , Maruta , A. and Kodama , Y. 1998 . Reduction of Gordon-Haus jitter in a dispersion compensated optical transmission system: Analysis . Opt. Commun. , 149 : 261 – 266 . [CROSSREF]
  • Kumasako , J. , Matsumoto , M. and Waiyapot , S. 2000 . Linear stability analysis of dispersion-managed solitons controlled by filters . J. Lightwave Technol. , 18 : 1064 – 1068 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Waiyapot , S. and Matsumoto , M. 1999 . Stability analysis of dispersion-managed solitons controlled by synchronous amplitude modulators . IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. , 11 : 1408 – 1410 . [CROSSREF]
  • Ferreira , M. F. and Sousa , M. H. 2001 . Timing jitter of dispersion-managed solitons controlled by filters: Analytical results . Electron. Lett. , 37 : 1184 – 1185 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Sousa , M. H. and Ferreira , M. F. 2004a . Analysis of the timing jitter of dispersion-managed solitons controlled by filters . Laser Phys. Lett. , 1 : 491 – 494 . [CROSSREF]
  • Sousa , M. H. and Ferreira , M. F. 2004b . Total suppression of the timing jitter in dispersion-managed soliton systems . Laser Phys. Lett. , 1 : 602 – 604 . [CROSSREF]
  • Ferreira , M. F. and Sousa , M. H. Timing jitter and stability of dispersion-managed solitons controlled by synchronous amplitude modulators . Nonlinear Optics, Quantum Optics , To appear in
  • Nishioka , I. , Hirooka , T. and Hasegawa , A. 2000 . Effect of map strength on polarization mode dispersion in dispersion-managed soliton systems . IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. , 12 : 1480 – 1482 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Fukuchi , K. , Kakui , M. , Sasaki , A. , Ito , T. , Inada , Y. , Tsuzaki , T. , Shitomi , T. , Fujii , K. , Shikii , I. S. , Sugahara , H. and Hasegawa , A. 1.1 Tb (55 × 20 Gbit/s) dense WDM soliton transmission over 3,020 km widely-dispersion managed transmission line employing 1.55/1.58 μm hybrid repeaters . European Conference on Optical Communications . Nice, France. Paper PD2-10
  • Suzuki , M. and Edagawa , N. 2003 . Dispersion-managed high-capacity ultra-long-haul transmission . J. Lightwave Technol. , 21 : 916 – 929 . [CROSSREF]

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.