References
- Alston, M., & Bowles, W. (2019). Research for social workers: An introduction to methods. Routledge.
- Anderson, E., & Cairncross, G. (2005). Understanding and managing volunteer motivation: Two regional tourism cases. Australian Journal on Volunteering, 10(2), 7–17.
- Bang, H. (2015). Volunteer age, job satisfaction, and intention to stay: A case of nonprofit sport organizations. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 36(2), 161–176. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-04-2013-0052
- Barr, S. M., Budge, S. L., & Adelson, J. L. (2016). Transgender community belongingness as a mediator between strength of transgender identity and well-being. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63(1), 87–97. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000127
- Barrett, D., & Pollack, L. (2005). Whose gay community?: Social class, sexual self‐expression, and gay community involvement. The Sociological Quarterly, 46(3), 437–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2005.00021.x
- Battle, J., & Harris, A. (2013). Belonging and acceptance: Examining the correlates of sociopolitical involvement among bisexual and lesbian Latinas. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 25(2), 141–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720.2013.782520
- Battle, J., Harris, A., Donaldson, V., & Mushtaq, O. (2015). Understanding identity making in the context of sociopolitical involvement among Asian and Pacific Islander American lesbian and bisexual women. Women, Gender, and Families of Color, 3(2), 209–226. https://doi.org/10.5406/womgenfamcol.3.2.0209
- Bortree, D. S., & Waters, R. D. (2014). Race and inclusion in volunteerism: Using communication theory to improve volunteer retention. Journal of Public Relations Research, 26(3), 215–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2013.864245
- Brueckner, M., Holmes, K., & Pick, D. (2017). Out of sight: Volunteering in remote locations in Western Australia in the shadow of managerialism. Third Sector Review, 23(1), 29–49.
- Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2016). Volunteering in the United States—2015. https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/volun.pdf
- Bussell, H., & Forbes, D. (2002). Understanding the volunteer market: The what, where, who and why of volunteering. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 7(3), 244–257. https://doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.183
- Byun, J., Post, R. H., Frost, C. J., Self, A., Glenn, A. B., & Gren, L. H. (2019). Assessing the approach to HIV case management. Social Work in Public Health, 34(4), 307–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/19371918.2019.1606751
- Cesnales, N. I., Dakin, E. K., & Rose, P. D. (2016). HIV case managers’ attitudes toward empirically supported interventions. Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services, 15(2), 234–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/15381501.2014.951504
- Clary, E. G., Snyder, M., & Stukas, A. A. (1996). Volunteers’ motivations: Findings from a national survey. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 25(4), 485–505. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764096254006
- Clary, E. G., Snyder, M., Ridge, R. D., Copeland, J., Stukas, A. A., Haugen, J., & Miene, P. (1998). Understanding and assessing the motivations of volunteers: A functional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 1516–1530. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1516
- Cochran, S. D., Mays, V., Corliss, H., Smith, T. W., & Turner, J. (2009). Self-reported altruistic and reciprocal behaviors among homosexually and heterosexually experienced adults: Implications for HIV/AIDS service organizations. AIDS Care, 21(6), 675–682. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120802511919
- Cox, J., Oh, E. Y., Simmons, B., Graham, G., Greenhill, A., Lintott, C., Masters, K., & Woodcock, J. (2018). Doing good online: The changing relationships between motivations, activity, and retention among online volunteers. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 47(5), 1031–1056. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764018783066
- Dávila, M. C. (2018). The relationship between social networks and volunteerism among seniors. Journal of Social Service Research, 44(1), 38–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2017.1395382
- Diedrich, L. (2007). Doing queer love: Feminism, AIDS, and history. Theoria, 54(112), 25–50. https://doi.org/10.3167/th.2007.5411203
- Dolinsky, R. C. (2013). Emotional memories stemming from a crisis: A snapshot of AIDS activism in Washington, DC (1981–1986). Journal of Homosexuality, 60(12), 1666–1694. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2013.834210
- Dolnicar, S., & Randle, M. (2007). What motivates which volunteers?: Psychographic heterogeneity among volunteers in Australia. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 18(2), 135–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-007-9037-5
- Drushel, B. E. (2016). In service of camp or the campiness of service: “The Court” as queer civic and fraternal organization. The Journal of American Culture, 39(1), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/jacc.12521
- Gandy-Guedes, M. E., & Paceley, M. S. (2019). Activism in southwestern queer and trans young adults after the marriage equality era. Affilia, 34(4), 439–460. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109919857699
- Garner, J. T., & Garner, L. T. (2011). Volunteering an opinion: Organizational voice and volunteer retention in nonprofit organizations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 40(5), 813–828. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764010366181
- Gates, T. G., & Kelly, B. L. (2013). LGB cultural phenomena and the social work research enterprise: Toward a strengths-based, culturally anchored methodology. Journal of Homosexuality, 60(1), 69–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2013.735939
- Gates, T. G., Russell, E. B., & Gainsburg, J. (2016). Volunteers work for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer rights: Motivations at a Rochester social justice organization. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 28(1), 39–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720.2016.1124352
- Gorman-Murray, A. (2016). Gayborhoods. In A. E. Goldberg (Ed.), Sage encyclopedia of LGBTQ studies (pp. 438–439). Sage.
- Gray, N. N., Mendelsohn, D. M., & Omoto, A. M. (2015). Community connectedness, challenges, and resilience among gay Latino immigrants. American Journal of Community Psychology, 55(1–2), 202–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-014-9697-4
- Hahm, J., Ro, H., & Olson, E. D. (2018). Sense of belonging to a lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender event: The examination of affective bond and collective self-esteem. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(2), 244–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2017.1357519
- Harley, D. A., Gassaway, L., & Dunkley, L. (2016). Isolation, socialization, recreation, and inclusion of LGBT elders. In D. A. Harley & P. B. Teaster (Eds.). Handbook of LGBT elders (pp. 563–581). Springer International.
- Harms, W., & Skyms, B. (2008). Evolution of moral norms. In M. Ruse (Ed.). The Oxford handbook of philosophy of biology (pp. 434–450). Oxford University Press.
- Hidalgo, M. C., & Moreno, P. (2009). Organizational socialization of volunteers: The effect on their intention to remain. Journal of Community Psychology, 37(5), 594–601. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20317
- Hostetler, A. J. (2012). Community involvement, perceived control, and attitudes toward aging among lesbians and gay men. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 75(2), 141–167. https://doi.org/10.2190/AG.75.2.c
- Hyde, M. K., Dunn, J., Bax, C., & Chambers, S. K. (2016). Episodic volunteering and retention: An integrated theoretical approach. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 45(1), 45–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764014558934
- Hyde, M. K., & Knowles, S. R. (2013). What predicts Australian university students’ intentions to volunteer their time for community service? Australian Journal of Psychology, 65(3), 135–145. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajpy.12014
- Jamison, I. B. (2003). Turnover and retention among volunteers in human service agencies. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 23(2), 114–132. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X03023002003
- Jones, R. R. M., Simpson, G. M., & Stansbury, K. (2018). Informal support experiences of older African–American gay men living with HIV/AIDS. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 30(3), 209–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720.2018.1463886
- Kane, M. D., & Ayers, M. (2016). LGBT activism in North America. In N. Naples (Ed.). Wiley-Blackwell encyclopedia of gender and sexualities studies. Wiley-Blackwell. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118663219.wbegss538
- Kayal, P. (2003). Healing brokenness: Gay volunteerism in AIDS. Humanity & Society, 27(4), 464–478. https://doi.org/10.1177/016059760302700404
- Kayal, P. M. (1993). Bearing witness: Gay men’s health crisis and the politics of AIDS. Westview.
- Kayal, P. M. (1994). Communalization and homophile organization membership: Gay volunteerism before and during AIDS. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 1(1), 33–58. https://doi.org/10.1300/J041v01n01_03
- Kuhns, L. M., Ramirez‐Valles, J. (2016). Creating identity and community: Latino gay and bisexual men’s motives for participation in the AIDS movement. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 26(1), 32–46. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2233
- Lambe, J., Cerezo, A., & O'Shaughnessy, T. (2017). Minority stress, community involvement, and mental health among bisexual women. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 4(2), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000222
- LeBeau, R. T., & Jellison, W. A. (2009). Why get involved? Exploring gay and bisexual men's experience of the gay community. Journal of Homosexuality, 56(1), 56–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918360802551522
- Locke, M., Ellis, A., & Smith, J. D. (2003). Hold on to what you’ve got: The volunteer retention literature. Voluntary Action, 5(3), 81–99.
- Logie, C. H., Lys, C. L., Schott, N., Dias, L., Zouboules, M. R., & Mackay, K. (2018). ‘In the North you can't be openly gay’: Contextualising sexual practices among sexually and gender diverse persons in Northern Canada. Global Public Health, 13(12), 1865–1877. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2018.1449881
- Maguire, S., Hardy, C., & Lawrence, T. B. (2004). Institutional entrepreneurship in emerging fields: HIV/AIDS treatment advocacy in Canada. Academy of Management Journal, 47(5), 657–679. https://doi.org/10.5465/20159610
- Mittelman, R., & Rojas-Mendez, J. (2018). Why Canadians give to charity: An extended theory of planned behaviour model. International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 15(2), 189–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12208-018-0197-3
- Molina, Y., Dirkes, J., & Ramirez-Valles, J. (2017). Burnout in HIV/AIDS volunteers: A socio-cultural analysis among latino gay, bisexual men, and transgender people. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 46(6), 1231–1249. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764017718632
- Nencini, A., Romaioli, D., & Meneghini, A. M. (2016). Volunteer motivation and organizational climate: Factors that promote satisfaction and sustained volunteerism in NPOs. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 27(2), 618–639. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-015-9593-z
- Newton, C., Becker, K., & Bell, S. (2014). Learning and development opportunities as a tool for the retention of volunteers: A motivational perspective. Human Resource Management Journal, 24(4), 514–530. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12040
- Omoto, A., & Packard, C. (2016). The power of connections: Psychological sense of community as a predictor of volunteerism. The Journal of Social Psychology, 156(3), 272–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2015.1105777
- Omoto, A. M., & Snyder, M. (1995). Sustained helping without obligation: Motivation, longevity of service, and perceived attitude change among AIDS volunteers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(4), 671–686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.4.671
- Overgaard, C. (2019). Rethinking volunteering as a form of unpaid work. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 48(1), 128–145. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764018809419
- Paceley, M., Keene, L., & Lough, B. (2015). Motivations for involvement in nonmetropolitan LGBTQ organizations: A multimethod qualitative exploration. Journal of Community Practice, 23(1), 102–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705422.2014.985412
- Pender, K. N., Hope, E. C., & Riddick, K. N. (2019). Queering Black activism: Exploring the relationship between racial identity and Black activist orientation among Black LGBTQ youth. Journal of Community Psychology, 47(3), 529–543. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22136
- Ramirez-Valles, J., Kuhns, L., Vázquez, R., & Benjamin, G. (2014). Getting involved: Exploring Latino GBT volunteerism and activism in AIDS and LGBT organizations. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 26(1), 18–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720.2013.865577
- Selden, S. C., & Sowa, J. E. (2015). Voluntary turnover in nonprofit human service organizations: The impact of high performance work practices. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 39(3), 182–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/23303131.2015.1031416
- Sherr, M. (2008). Social work with volunteers. Lyceum Books.
- Southby, K., South, J., & Bagnall, A. M. (2019). A rapid review of barriers to volunteering for potentially disadvantaged groups and implications for health inequalities. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 30(5), 907–920. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-019-00119-2
- Stowe, S. (2013). Volunteer work and informal learning: Major international trends. In F. Duguid, K. Mundel, & D. Schugurensky (Eds.), Volunteer work, informal learning and social action (pp. 37–62). Sense Publishers.
- Stukas, A. A., Snyder, M., & Clary, E. G. (2015). Volunteerism and community involvement: Antecedents, experiences, and consequences for the person and the situation. In D. A. Schroeder & W. Graziano (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of prosocial behavior (pp. 459–493). Oxford University Press.
- Stukas, A. A., Snyder, M., & Clary, E. G. (2016). Understanding and encouraging volunteerism and community involvement. The Journal of Social Psychology, 156(3), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2016.1153328
- Swank, E., & Fahs, B. (2016). Gay rights activism: Collection action frames, networks, and protesting among gays, lesbians, and bisexuals. Journal of Civil Society, 12(4), 430–447. https://doi.org/10.1080/17448689.2016.1244983
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Allyn and Bacon.
- Tett, R. P., & Meyer, J. P. (2006). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: Path analyses based on meta‐analytic findings. Personnel Psychology, 46(2), 259–293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00874.x
- VanDaalen, R., & Santos, C. (2017). Racism and sociopolitical engagement among lesbian, gay, and bisexual racial/ethnic minority adults. The Counseling Psychologist, 45(3), 414–437. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000017699529
- Volunteer Canada. (2018). Data on giving, volunteering, and participating in Canada. https://volunteer.ca/index.php?MenuItemID=364
- Wheeler, D. P. (2003). Methodological issues in conducting community-based health and social services research among urban Black and African American LGBT populations. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 15(1-2), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1300/J041v15n01_05
- Wilson, J. (2000). Volunteering. Annual Review of Sociology, 26(1), 215–240. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.215
- Yamashita, T., Keene, J. R., Lu, C. J., & Carr, D. C. (2019). Underlying motivations of volunteering across life stages: A study of volunteers in nonprofit organizations in Nevada. Journal of Applied Gerontology: The Official Journal of the Southern Gerontological Society, 38(2), 207–231. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464817701202