Examining the Factors Affecting the Voluntary Participation and Effects of Volunteering in the Child Welfare in Türkiye^*

References

• Akintola, O. (2011). What motivates people to volunteer? The case of volunteer AIDS caregivers in faith-based organizations in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Health Policy and Planning, 26(1), 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czq019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alfes, K., Shantz, A., & Bailey, C. (2016). Enhancing volunteer engagement to achieve desirable outcomes: What can non-profit employers do? VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 27(2), 595–617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-015-9601-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bang, H., Bravo, G. A., Mello Figuerôa, K., & Mezzadri, F. M. (2019). The impact of volunteer experience at sport mega‐events on intention to continue volunteering: Multigroup path analysis. Journal of Community Psychology, 47(4), 727–742. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beale, A. V. (1984). Exploring careers through volunteerism. The School Counselor, 32(1), 68–71.
   Google Scholar
• Beyazova, A., & Durmuş, G. (2020). Abla Bir Daha Gelecek misin?” Türkiye’de Çocuklarla Gönüllülük Deneyimleri. In E. Erdoğan. P. Uyan Semerci. N. Yentürk ve L. Yurttagüler (Eds.), Türkiye’de gönüllülük (pp. 133–164). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
   Google Scholar
• Blome, W. W., & Steib, S. (2008). An examination of oversight and review in the child welfare system: The many watch the few serve the many. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 1(3), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1300/J479v01n03_02
   Google Scholar
• Bovaird, T., Van Ryzin, G. G., Loeffler, E., & Parrado, S. (2015). Activating citizens to participate in collective co-production of public services. Journal of Social Policy, 44(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279414000567
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandsen, T., & Pestoff, V. (2006). Co-production, the third sector and the delivery of public services: An introduction. Public Management Review, 8(4), 493–501. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719030601022874
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brozmanová Gregorová, A., & Stachoň, M. (2014). Volunteering in the context of social work–historical connection and perspectives. Historia i Polityka, 12(19), 97–110.
   Google Scholar
• Bryan, V., Collins-Camargo, C., & Jones, B. (2011). Reflections on citizen-state child welfare partnerships: Listening to citizen review panel volunteers and agency liaisons. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(5), 612–621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.11.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan, V., Jones, B., & Lawson, E. (2010). Key features of effective citizen-state child welfare partnerships: Findings from a national study of citizen review panels. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(4), 595–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.12.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butt, M. U., Hou, Y., Soomro, K. A., & Acquadro Maran, D. (2017). The ABCE model of volunteer motivation. Journal of Social Service Research, 43(5), 593–608. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2017.1355867
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CAF. (2018). Caf World Giving Index 2018. https://www.cafonline.org/about-us/publications/2018-publications/caf-world-giving-index-2018
   Google Scholar
• Cheung, C. K., & Tang, K. L. (2010). Socialization factors conducive to social work students’ gain in competence: Experience in the Hong Kong SAR. China. Journal of Social Work, 10(1), 42–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468017309349990
   Google Scholar
• Cheung, C. K., Lo, T. W., & Liu, E. S. C. (2016). Sustaining social trust and volunteer role identity reciprocally over time in pre-adult, adult, and older volunteers. Journal of Social Service Research, 42(1), 70–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2015.1078267
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung, C. K., Lo, T. W., & Liu, S. C. (2012). Measuring volunteering empowerment and competence in Shanghai. Administration in Social Work, 36(2), 149–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/03643107.2011.564722
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clary, E. G., & Snyder, M. (1999). The motivations to volunteer: Theoretical and practical considerations. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8(5), 156–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clary, E. G., Snyder, M., & Stukas, A. A. (1996). Volunteers’ motivations: Findings from a national survey. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 25(4), 485–505. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764096254006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clary, E. G., Snyder, M., Ridge, R. D., Copeland, J., Stukas, A. A., Haugen, J., & Miene, P. (1998). Understanding and assessing the motivations of volunteers: A functional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 1516–1530. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cnaan, R. A., & Cascio, T. A. (1999). Performance and commitment: Issues in management of volunteers in human service organizations. Journal of Social Service Research, 24(3–4), 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1300/J079v24n03_01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordingley, S., & Bates, K. (2004). Supporting volunteering in Australia. Volunteering Australia Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Corporation for National and Community Service. (2018). Research. https://www.nationalservice.gov/serve/via/research
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Dageid, W., Akintola, O., & Saeberg, T. (2016). Sustaining motivation among community health workers in aids care in Kwazulu‐natal, South Africa: Challenges and prospects. Journal of Community Psychology, 44(5), 569–585. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21787
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeJonckheere, M., & Vaughn, L. M. (2019). Semistructured interviewing in primary care research: A balance of relationship and rigour. Family Medicine and Community Health, 7(2), e000057–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2018-000057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dekker, P., & Halman, L. (2003). The values of volunteering: Cross-cultural perspectives. Springer Science & Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Devine, F., & Roberts, J. (2003). Alternative approaches to researching social capital: A comment on van Deth’s measuring social capital. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 6(1), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645570305054
   Google Scholar
• Dovidio, J. F., Piliavin, J. A., Schroeder, D. A., & Penner, L. A. (2006). The social psychology of prosocial behavior. Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ekmekci, A., Doğan, Y. B., Çoksöyler, E., Mısırlıoğlu, İ., Varon, L., Lermioğlu Yılmaz, S., et al. (2013). Civil society monitoring report 2012: New constitution, public-CSO relations, volunteerism, freedom of association. Van earthquake. TUSEV Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Erasmus, B., & Morey, P. J. (2016). Faith-based volunteer motivation: Exploring the applicability of the volunteer functions inventory to the motivations and satisfaction levels of volunteers in an Australian faith-based organization. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 27(3), 1343–1360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-016-9717-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ertas, N. (2020). How public, nonprofit, and private-sector employees access volunteer Roles. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 32(2), 105–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/10495142.2018.1526744
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkelstein, M. A., & Brannick, M. T. (2007). Applying theories of institutional helping to informal volunteering: Motives, role identity, and prosocial personality. Social Behavior and Personality: An İnternational Journal, 35(1), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.1.101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer, L. R., & Schaffer, K. B. (1993). Older volunteers: A guide to research and practice. Sage Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Freeman, R. B. (1997). Working for nothing: The supply of volunteer labor. Journal of Labor Economics, 15(1, Part 2), S140–S166. https://doi.org/10.1086/209859
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garland, D. R., Myers, D. R., & Wolfer, T. A. (2009). Protestant Christian volunteers in community social service programs: What motivates, challenges, and sustains their service. Administration in Social Work, 33(1), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/03643100802508627
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillath, O. M. R. I., Shaver, P. R., Mikulincer, M., Nitzberg, R. E., Erez, A., & Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2005). Attachment, caregiving, and volunteering: Placing volunteerism in an attachment theoretical framework. Personal Relationships, 12(4), 425–446. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2005.00124.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilster, M. E. (2012). Comparing neighborhood‐focused activism and volunteerism: Psychological well‐being and social connectedness. Journal of Community Psychology, 40(7), 769–784. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glavin, R. (2011). The role of nonprofits in American life. In D. R. Heyman (Ed.), Nonprofit management 101 (pp. 5–20). Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Halman, L. (2003). Volunteering, democracy, and democratic attitudes? In P. Dekker & L. Halman (Eds.), The values of volunteering: Cross-cultural perspectives (pp. 179–198). Kluwer.
   Google Scholar
• Haski ‐Leventhal, D. (2009). Altruism and volunteerism: The perceptions of altruism in four disciplines and their impact on the study of volunteerism. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 39(3), 271–299. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.2009.00405.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haski-Leventhal, D., & Cnaan, R. A. (2009). Group processes and volunteering: Using groups to enhance volunteerism. Administration in Social Work, 33(1), 61–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/03643100802508635
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haski-Leventhal, D., Hustinx, L., & Handy, F. (2011). What money cannot buy: The distinctive and multidimensional impact of volunteers. Journal of Community Practice, 19(2), 138–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705422.2011.568930
   Google Scholar
• Haski‐Leventhal, D., Meijs, L. C., Lockstone‐Binney, L., Holmes, K., & Oppenheimer, M. (2018). Measuring volunteerability and the capacity to volunteer among non‐volunteers: Implications for social policy. Social Policy & Administration, 52(5), 1139–1167. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12342
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haski-Leventhal, D., Ronel, N., York, A. S., & Ben-David, B. M. (2008). Youth volunteering for youth: Who are they serving? How are they being served? Children and Youth Services Review, 30(7), 834–846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2007.12.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haugh, H., & Kitson, M. (2007). The Third Way and the third sector: New Labour’s economic policy and the social economy. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 31(6), 973–994. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bem027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewege, C., & Mitchell, J. (2013). Understanding media constructions of volunteering: An Australian perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, 23(3), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185385.2013.818198
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiatt, S. W., Michalek, P., Younge, P., Miyoshi, T., & Fryer, E. (2000). Characteristics of volunteers and families in a neonatal home visitation project: The Kempe Community Caring Program. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24(1), 85–97.(99)00114-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurley, N., Wilson, L., & Christie, I. (2008). Scottish household survey analytical topic report: Volunteering Scottish Government Social Research.
   Google Scholar
• Hustinx, L., & Handy, F. (2009). Where do I belong? Volunteer attachment in a complex organization. Administration in Social Work, 33(2), 202–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/03643100902769129
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hustinx, L., Cnaan, R. A., & Handy, F. (2010). Navigating theories of volunteering: A hybrid map for a complex phenomenon. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 40(4), 410–434. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.2010.00439.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hustinx, L., Vanhove, T., Declercq, A., Hermans, K., & Lammertyn, F. (2005). Bifurcated commitment, priorities, and social contagion: The dynamics and correlates of volunteering within a university student population. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 26(4), 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425690500200111
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• İçduygu, A., Meydanoğlu, Z., & Sert, D. (2011). Civil society in Türkiye: A turning point. Civil society index project analytical country report for Turkey II. TUSEV Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, E. J., & Adarlo, G. (2016). Soft power’, selfishness, or altruism? Motivations and satisfaction of US-based ınternational volunteers. The International Journal of Diversity in Education, 16(3), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.18848/2327-0020/CGP/v16i03/21-34
   Google Scholar
• Jones, B. L. (2004). Citizen participation in public child welfare: A multi-state study of citizens review panel members’ perceptions of effectiveness (Doctoral dissertation). University of Kentucky).
   Google Scholar
• Kallio, H., Pietila, A., Johnson, M., & Kangasniemi, M. (2016). Systematic methodological review: Developing a framework for a qualitative semi-structured interview guide. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72(12), 2954–2965. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kam, P. K. (2002). Senior volunteerism and empowerment. Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, 12(1), 112–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650993.2002.9755891
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawachi, I., & Berkman, L. F. (2001). Social ties and mental health. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 78(3), 458–467. https://doi.org/10.1093/jurban/78.3.458
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenyatta, G. N., & Zani, A. P. (2014). An evaluation of the motives behind volunteering and existing motivational strategies among voluntary organizations in Kenya. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 4, 84–95.
   Google Scholar
• Kifle Mekonen, Y., & Adarkwah, M. A. (2022). Volunteers in the COVID-19 pandemic era: Intrinsic, extrinsic, or altruistic motivation? Postgraduate international students in China. Journal of Social Service Research, 48(2), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2021.1980482
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobulsky, J. M., Cage, J., & Celeste, G. (2018). The perceived effects of volunteer use by public child welfare agencies. Children and Youth Services Review, 89, 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.04.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lammers, J. C. (1991). Attitudes, motives, and demographic predictors of volunteer commitment and service duration. Journal of Social Service Research, 14(3–4), 125–140. https://doi.org/10.1300/J079v14n03_07
   Google Scholar
• Larsson, M., Pettersson, C., Eriksson, C., & Skoog, T. (2016). Initial motives and organizational context enabling female mentors’ engagement in formal mentoring–A qualitative study from the mentors’ perspective. Children and Youth Services Review, 71, 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.10.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littlepage, L., Obergfell, E., & Zanin, G. (2003). Family volunteering: An exploratory study of the impact on families. School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana University
   Google Scholar
• Lowndes, V., & Wilson, D. (2001). Social capital and local governance: Exploring the institutional design variable. Political Studies, 49(4), 629–647. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00334
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez, J. M. (2003). Liability and volunteer organizations: A survey of the law. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 14(2), 151–169. https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.27
   Google Scholar
• Martinez, T. A., & McMullin, S. L. (2004). Factors affecting decisions to volunteer in non-governmental organizations. Environment and Behavior, 36(1), 112–126. https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.27
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marx, J. D. (1999). Motivational characteristics associated with health and human service volunteers. Administration in Social Work, 23(1), 51–66. https://doi.org/10.1300/J147v23n01_03
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meijs, L. C. P., & Voort, J. M. v d (2004). Corporate volunteering: From charity to profit—nonprofit partnerships. Australian Journal on Volunteering, 9, 21–32.
   Google Scholar
• Metz, J., Roza, L., Meijs, L., Baren van, E., & Hoogervorst, N. (2017). Differences between paid and unpaid social services for beneficiaries. European Journal of Social Work, 20(2), 153–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2016.1188772
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, A., Simpson, B., Lieben, J., & Simpson, B. J. (2011). Understanding The Role of Volunteerism In Creating Social Inclusion. South West Communities Resource Centre.
   Google Scholar
• Milligan, C., & Fyfe, N. R. (2005). Preserving space for volunteers: Exploring the links between voluntary welfare organisations, volunteering and citizenship. Urban Studies, 42(3), 417–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980500034884
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrow-Howell, N. (2010). Volunteering in later life: Research frontiers. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65(4), 461–469. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbq024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mountain, G., Gossage‐Worrall, R., Cattan, M., & Bowling, A. (2017). Only available to a selected few? Is it feasible to rely on a volunteer workforce for complex intervention delivery? Health & Social Care in the Community, 25(1), 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musick, M. A., & Wilson, J. (2003). Volunteering and depression: The role of psychological and social resources in different age groups. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 56(2), 259–269.(02)00025-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musick, M. A., & Wilson, J. (2008). Volunteers: A social profile. Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Omoto, A. M., & Snyder, M. (1993). AIDS volunteers and their motivations: Theoretical issues and practical concerns. Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 4(2), 157–176. https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.4130040204
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Omoto, A. M., & Snyder, M. (1995). Sustained helping without obligation: Motivation, longevity of service, and perceived attitude change among AIDS volunteers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(4), 671–686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.4.671
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omoto, A. M., & Snyder, M. (2002). Considerations of community: The context and process of volunteerism. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(5), 846–867. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764202045005007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opdenakker, R. (2006). Advantages and disadvantages of four interview techniques in qualitative research. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 7(4), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-7.4.175
   Google Scholar
• Paturyan, Y., & Gevorgyan, V. (2014). Trust towards NGOs and volunteering in South Caucasus: Civil society moving away from post-communism?. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 14(2), 239–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2014.904544
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penner, L. A. (2002). Dispositional and organizational influences on sustained volunteerism: An interactionist perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 58(3), 447–467. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540/-4560.00270
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perlmutter, F. D., & Cnaan, R. A. (1994). Challenging human service organizations to redefine volunteer roles. Administration in Social Work, 17(4), 77–95. https://doi.org/10.1300/J147v17n04_06
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitkeathley, J. (1985). Volunteers wanted. Geriatric Nursing, 5(1), 16–18.
   Google Scholar
• Plowden, W. (2003). The compact: Attempts to regulate relationships between government and the voluntary sector in England. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 32(3), 415–432. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764003254909
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prochaska, F. (2007). Charity and social democracy an Anglo American historical perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, 17(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650993.2007.9756008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam, R. D. (1995). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. Journal of Democracy, 6(1), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62965-7_12
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone [Paper presentation]. The collapse and Revival of American Community. Touchstone.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, J. M., & Devine, F. (2004). Some everyday experiences of voluntarism: Social capital, pleasure, and the contingency of participation. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 11(2), 280–296. https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxh036
   Google Scholar
• Rochlin, S., & Boguslaw, J. (2001). Business and community development, aligning corporate performance with community economic development to achieve win-win impacts. The Center for Corporate Citizenship at Boston College.
   Google Scholar
• Rook, K. S., & Sorkin, D. H. (2003). Fostering social ties through a volunteer role: Implications for older-adults’ psychological health. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 57(4), 313–337. https://doi.org/10.2190/NBBN-EU3H-4Q1N-UXHR
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotolo, T., & Wilson, J. (2006). Employment sector and volunteering: The contribution of nonprofit and public sector workers to the volunteer labor force. The Sociological Quarterly, 47(1), 21–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2006.00036.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruci, L., van Allen, Z. M., & Zelenski, J. M. (2018). Pro-social personality traits, helping behavior, and ego-depletion: Is helping really easier for the dispositionally pro-social? Personality and Individual Differences, 120, 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherr, M. E. (2008). Social work with volunteers. Lyceum Books.
   Google Scholar
• Shmotkin, D., Blumstein, T., & Modan, B. (2003). Beyond keeling active: Concomitants of being a volunteer in old age. Psychology and Aging, 18(3), 602–607. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.18.3.602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverberg, K. E., Backman, S. J., & Backman, K. F. (2000). Understanding parks and recreation volunteers: A functionalist perspective. Loisir et Société / Society and Leisure, 23(2), 453–475. https://doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2000.10707539
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, D. H. (1994). Determinants of voluntary association participation and volunteering: A literature review. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 23(3), 243–263. https://doi.org/10.1177/089976409402300305
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Southby, K., & South, J. (2016). Volunteering, inequalities and barriers to volunteering: A rapid evidence review. Project Report. Volunteering Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Stevens, E. S. (1991). Toward satisfaction and retention of senior volunteers. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 16(3–4), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.1300/J083v16n03_04
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (3rd ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Stryker, S., & Serpe, R. (1982). Commitment, identity salience and role behavior: Theory and research example. In W. Ickesve & E. S. Knowles (Eds.), Personality, roles, and social behavior (pp. 199–218). Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Stuart, P. H. (2013). Social work profession: History. In C. Franklin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of social work. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Swartz, A., & Colvin, C. J. (2015). It’s in our veins’: Caring natures and material motivations of community health workers in contexts of economic marginalisation. Critical Public Health, 25(2), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2014.941281
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tawil, S. (2013). Education for ‘global citizenship’: A framework for discussion (ERF working papers series, no.7). UNESCO Education, Research and Foresight.
   Google Scholar
• TGA. (2019). Türkiye’de Gönüllülük Araştırması. Available at: https://stk.bilgi.edu.tr/media/uploads/2019/12/16/Go%CC%88nu%CC%88llu%CC%88lu%CC%88kAras%CC%A7t%C4%B1rmaSonuc%CC%A7lar%C4%B1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Theiss-Morse, E., & Hibbing, J. R. (2005). Citizenship and civic engagement. Annual Review of Political Science, 8(1), 227–249. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.8.082103.104829
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoits, P. A., & Hewitt, L. N. (2001). Volunteer work and well-being. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 42(2), 115–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tschirhart, M., Mesch, D. J., Perry, J. L., Miller, T. K., & Lee, G. (2001). Stipended volunteers: Their goals, experiences, satisfaction, and likelihood of future service. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 30(3), 422–443. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764001303002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tunstill, J., & Malin, N. (2012). Enhancing the delivery of safeguarding services: A role for volunteers? Journal of Social Work, 12(5), 455–474. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468017310392284
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uslaner, E. M. (2003). Volunteering and social capital: How trust and religion shape civic participation in The United States. In P. Dekker & E. M. Uslaner (Eds.), Social Capital and Participation in Everyday Life (pp. 104–117). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Van den Bos, C. M. (2014). Using volunteering ınfrastructure to build civil society. Erasmus University.
   Google Scholar
• Van Goethem, A. A., Van Hoof, A., van Aken, M. A., de Castro, B. O., & Raaijmakers, Q. A. (2014). Socialising adolescent volunteering: How important are parents and friends? Age dependent effects of parents and friends on adolescents’ volunteering behaviours. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 35(2), 94–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2013.12.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, J. (2000). Volunteering. Annual Review of Sociology, 26(1), 215–240. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.215
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, J., & Musick, M. (1997). Who cares? Toward an integrated theory of volunteer work. American Sociological Review, 62(5), 694–713. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657355
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, J., & Musick, M. (1999). The effects of volunteering on the volunteer. Law and Contemporary Problems, 62(4), 141–168. https://doi.org/10.2307/1192270
   Google Scholar
• Wong, H. K. (2007). The foundations for charitable organization and giving. Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, 17(1), 35–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650993.2007.9756010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• York, A. S. (2009). Social Work with Volunteers, by M. E. Sherr. Journal of Community Practice, 17(3), 350–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705420903121223
   Google Scholar
• Zakour, M. J. (1994). Measuring career-development volunteerism: Guttman scale analysis using Red Cross volunteers. Journal of Social Service Research, 19(3–4), 103–120. https://doi.org/10.1300/J079v19n03_06
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar