Publication Cover
Leisure Sciences
An Interdisciplinary Journal
Volume 34, 2012 - Issue 1
3,616
Views
49
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Activity Engagement as Escape from Self: The Role of Self-Suppression and Self-Expansion

, &
Pages 19-38 | Received 23 Sep 2010, Accepted 15 Aug 2011, Published online: 10 Jan 2012

References

  • Aron , A. , Aron , E. N. , Tudor , M. and Nelson , G. 1991 . Close relationships as including other in the self . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 60 : 241 – 253 .
  • Augustine , A. A. , Hemenover , S. H. , Larsen , R. and Shulman , T. E. 2010 . Composition and consistency of the desired affective state: The role of personality and motivation . Motivation and Emotion , 34 : 133 – 143 .
  • Baron , R. B. and Kenny , D. A. 1986 . The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 : 1173 – 1182 .
  • Baumeister , R. F. 1990 . Suicide as escape from self . Psychological Review , 97 : 90 – 113 .
  • Baumeister , R. F. 1991 . Escaping the self: Alcoholism, spirituality, masochism, and other flights from the burden of selfhood , New York , NY : Basic Books .
  • Blanchard , C. , Perreault , S. and Vallerand , R. J. 1998 . Participation in team sports: A self-expansion perspective . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 29 : 289 – 302 .
  • Cohen , S. and Taylor , L. 1992 . Escape attempts: The theory and practice of resistance to everyday life , 2nd ed. , New York , NY : Routledge .
  • Costa , P. T. and McCrae , R. R. 1992 . NEO PI-R. Professional manual , Lutz , FL : Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc .
  • Csikszentmihalyi , M. 1990 . Flow: The psychology of optimal experience , New York , NY : Harper Collins .
  • Csikszentmihalyi , M. and LeFevre , J. A. 1989 . Optimal experience in work and leisure . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 56 : 815 – 822 .
  • Cury , F. , Elliott , A. , Sarrazin , P. , Fonseca , D. D. and Rufo , M. 2002 . The trichotomous achievement goal model and intrinsic motivation: A sequential mediational model . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 38 : 473 – 481 .
  • Deci , E. L. and Ryan , R. M. 2000 . The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior . Psychological Inquiry , 11 : 269 – 318 .
  • Diener , E. , Emmons , R. A. , Larsen , R. J. and Griffin , S. 1985 . The satisfaction with life scale . Journal of Personality Assessment , 41 : 71 – 75 .
  • Elliott , A. J. and Harackiewicz , J. M. 1994 . Goal setting, achievement orientation, and intrinsic motivation: A mediational analysis . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 66 : 968 – 980 .
  • Elliott , A. J. and Harackiewicz , J. M. 1996 . Approach and avoidance achievement goals and intrinsic motivation: A mediational analysis . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 70 : 461 – 475 .
  • Fejfar , M. C. and Hoyle , R. H. 2000 . Effect of private self-awareness on negative affect and self-referent attribution: A quantitative review . Personality and Social Psychology Review , 4 : 132 – 142 .
  • Folkman , S. and Lazarus , R. S. 1980 . An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 21 : 219 – 239 .
  • Folkman , S. and Lazarus , R. S. 1985 . If it changes it must be a process: A study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 48 : 150 – 170 .
  • Fournier , J. , Gaudreau , P. , Demontrond-Behr , P. , Visioli , J. , Forest , J. and Jackson , S. 2007 . French translation of the Flow State Scale-2: Factor structure, cross-cultural invariance, and associations with goal attainment . Psychology of Sport and Exercise , 8 : 897 – 916 .
  • Fredrickson , B. L. 2001 . The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions . American Psychologist , 56 : 218 – 226 .
  • Getty , H. A. , Watson , J. and Frisch , G. R. 2000 . A comparison of depression and styles of coping in male and female GA members and controls . Journal of Gambling Studies , 16 : 377 – 391 .
  • Gibson , J. J. 1979 . The ecological approach to visual perception , Boston , MA : Haughton Mifflin .
  • Gosling , S. D. , Vazire , S. , Srivastava , S. and John , O. P. 2004 . Should we trust web-based studies? A comparative analysis of six preconceptions about Internet questionnaires . American Psychologist , 59 : 93 – 104 .
  • Gross , J. J. 1999 . Emotion regulation: Past, present, and future . Cognition and Emotion , 13 : 551 – 573 .
  • Gross , J. J. and Levenson , R. W. 1993 . Emotional suppression: Physiology, self-report, and expressive behavior . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 64 : 970 – 986 .
  • Gross , J. J. and John , O. P. 2003 . Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 85 : 348 – 362 .
  • Haga , S. M. , Kraft , P. and Corby , E. K. 2009 . Emotion regulation: Antecedents and well-being outcomes of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in cross-cultural samples . Journal of Happiness Studies , Retrieved from http://www.springerlink.com/content/863010l6t8748270/fulltext.html
  • Higgins , E. T. 1997 . Beyond pleasure and pain . American Psychologist , 52 : 1280 – 1300 .
  • Higgins , E. T. 1998 . Promotion and prevention: Regulatory focus as a motivational principle . Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , 30 : 1 – 46 .
  • Higgins , E. T. 2005 . Value from hedonic experience and engagement . Psychological Review , 113 : 439 – 460 .
  • Hull , J. G. , Young , R. D. and Jouriles , E. 1986 . Applications of the self-awareness model of alcohol consumption: Predicting patterns of use and abuse . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 : 790 – 796 .
  • Hutchinson , S. L. , Baldwin , C. K. and Oh , S. 2006 . Adolescent coping: Exploring adolescents’ leisure-based responses to stress . Leisure Sciences , 28 : 115 – 131 .
  • Hutchinson , S. , Kleiber , D. and Douglas , A. 2005 . Gifts of the ordinary: Casual leisure's contribution to health and well-being . World Leisure Journal , 47 : 2 – 16 .
  • Iwasaki , Y. 2003 . The impact of leisure coping beliefs and strategies on adaptive outcomes . Leisure Studies , 22 : 93 – 108 .
  • Iwasaki , Y. and Mannell , R. C. 2000 . Hierarchical dimensions of leisure stress coping . Leisure Sciences , 22 : 163 – 181 .
  • Iwasaki , Y. and Schneider , I. E. 2003 . Leisure, stress, and coping: An evolving area of inquiry . Leisure Sciences , 25 : 107 – 113 .
  • Jackson , S. A. and Eklund , R. C. 2002 . Assessing flow in physical activity: The Flow State Scale-2 and Dispositional Flow Scale-2 . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 24 : 133 – 150 .
  • Jackson , S. A. and Marsh , H. W. 1996 . Development and validation of a scale to measure optimal experience: The Flow State Scale . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 18 : 17 – 35 .
  • Judd , C. , Kenny , D. A. and McClelland , G. H. 2001 . Estimating and testing mediation and moderation in within-subject designs . Psychological Methods , 6 : 115 – 134 .
  • Kline , R. B. 2005 . Principles and practice of structural equation modeling , 2nd ed. , New York , NY : The Guilford Press .
  • Kowal , J. and Fortier , M. S. 1999 . Motivational determinants of flow: Contributions from self-determination theory . Journal of Social Psychology , 139 : 355 – 368 .
  • Lazarus , R. S. and Folkman , S. 1984 . Stress, appraisal, and coping , New York , NY : Springer Publishing .
  • Ledgerwood , D. M. and Petry , N. M. 2006 . Psychological experience of gambling and subtypes of pathological gamblers . Psychiatry Research , 144 : 17 – 27 .
  • Manfredo , M. J. , Driver , B. L. and Tarrant , M. A. 1996 . Measuring leisure motivation: A meta-analysis of the recreation experience preference scales . Journal of Leisure Research , 28 : 188 – 213 .
  • McCreary , D. R. and Sadava , S. W. 1998 . Stress, drinking, and the adverse consequences of drinking in two samples of young adults . Psychology of Addictive Behaviors , 4 : 247 – 261 .
  • Norman , D. A. 1988 . The psychology of everyday things , New York , NY : Basic Books .
  • Paxton , S. J. and Diggens , J. 1997 . Avoidance coping, binge eating, and depression: An examination of the escape theory of binge eating . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 22 : 83 – 87 .
  • Preacher , K. J. and Hayes , A. F. 2004 . SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models . Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers , 36 : 717 – 731 .
  • Preacher , K. J. and Hayes , A. F. 2008 . Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models . Behavior Research Methods , 40 : 879 – 891 .
  • Pyszczynski , T. and Greenberg , J. 1987 . Self-regulatory perseveration and the depressive self-focusing style: A self-awareness theory of reactive depression . Psychological Bulletin , 102 : 122 – 138 .
  • Rogatko , T. P. 2009 . The influence of flow on positive affect among college students . Journal of Happiness Studies , 10 : 133 – 148 .
  • Ryan , R. M. and Deci , E. L. 2000 . Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being . American Psychologist , 55 : 68 – 78 .
  • Stenseng , F. 2008 . The two faces of leisure activity engagement: Harmonious and obsessive passion in relation to intrapersonal conflict and life domain outcomes . Leisure Sciences , 30 : 465 – 478 .
  • Stenseng , F. and Dyrdal , G. M. 2011 . “ The life balance scale—a dynamic approach to the measurement of subjective well-being ” . (Manuscript in preparation)
  • Stenseng , F. , Rise , J. and Kraft , P. 2011 . The dark side of leisure: Obsessive passion and its covariates and outcomes . Leisure Studies , 30 : 49 – 62 .
  • Tangney , J. P. , Baumeister , R. F. and Boone , A. L. 2004 . High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success . Journal of Personality , 72 : 271 – 324 .
  • Tuan , Y. 1998 . Escapism , Baltimore , MD : Johns Hopkins University Press .
  • Vallerand , R. J. , Blanchard , C. , Mageau , G. A. , Koestner , R. , Ratelle , C. , Léonard , M. and Gagné , M. 2003 . Les passions de l’âme: On obsessive and harmonious passion . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 85 : 756 – 767 .
  • Vallerand , R. J. , Salvy , S. , Mageau , G. A. , Elliot , A. J. , Denis , P. L. , Grouzet , F. M. E. and Blanchard , C. 2007 . On the role of passion in performance . Journal of Personality , 75 : 505 – 533 .
  • Wanner , B. , Ladouceur , R. , Auclair , A. V. and Vitaro , F. 2006 . Flow and dissociation: Examination of mean levels, cross-links, and links to emotional well-being across sports and recreation and pathological gambling . Journal of Gambling Studies , 22 : 289 – 304 .
  • Watson , D. and Clark , L. A. 1999 . “ The PANAS-X: Manual for the positive and negative affect schedule-expanded form ” . Retrieved from http://www.psychology.uiowa.edu/Faculty/Watson/Watson.html

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.