Publication Cover
Leisure Sciences
An Interdisciplinary Journal
Volume 40, 2018 - Issue 6
1,782
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Why People Play at Work: A Theoretical Examination of Leisure-at-Work

, &
Pages 634-648 | Received 23 Jan 2017, Accepted 18 Apr 2017, Published online: 12 Jul 2017

References

  • Ashforth, B. E., Kreiner, G. E., & Fugate, M. (2000). All in a day's work: Boundaries and micro role transitions. Academy of Management Review, 25(3), 472–491.
  • Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., & Li, N. (2013). The theory of purposeful work behavior: The role of personality, higher-order goals, and job characteristics. Academy of Management Review, 38(1), 132–153.
  • Barrick, M. R., Thurgood, G. R., Smith, T. A., & Courtright, S. H. (2015). Collective organizational engagement: Linking motivational antecedents, strategic implementation, and firm performance. Academy of Management Journal, 58(1), 111–135.
  • Blackshaw, T. (2010). Leisure. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Blasche, G. W., Arlinghaus, A., & Dorner, T. E. (2014). Leisure opportunities and fatigue in employees: A large cross-sectional study. Leisure Sciences, 36(3), 235–250.
  • Block, J., & Kremen, A. M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2), 349–361.
  • Bloom, J. D., Kompier, M., Geurts, S., de Weerth, C., Taris, T., & Sonnentag, S. (2009). Do we recover from vacation? Meta-analysis of vacation effects on health and well-being. Journal of Occupational Health, 51(1), 13–25.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Cameron, K., Mora, C., Leutscher, T., & Calarco, M. (2011). Effects of positive practices on organizational effectiveness. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 47(3), 266–308.
  • Cameron, K. S., & Spreitzer, G. M. (2011). The Oxford handbook of positive organizational scholarship. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
  • Cameron, K., Dutton, J., & Quinn, R. E. (Eds.). (2003). Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a new discipline. Berrett-Koehler Publishers San Francisco.
  • Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 89–136.
  • Coatsworth, J. D., Sharp, E. H., Palen, L.-A., Darling, N., Cumsille, P., & Marta, E. (2005). Exploring adolescent self-defining leisure activities and identity experiences across three countries. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29(5), 361–370.
  • Cooney, M. (2012). Inside Google at work and play. Network World. Retrieved from http://www.networkworld.com/slideshow/27019
  • Crawford, D. W., Jackson, E. L., & Godbey, G. (1991). A hierarchical model of leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences, 13(4), 309–320.
  • Cropley, M., & Millward, L. J. (2009). How do individuals ‘switch# off’from work during leisure? A qualitative description of the unwinding process in high and low ruminators. Leisure Studies, 28(3), 333–347.
  • DeLeire, T., & Kalil, A. (2010). Does consumption buy happiness? Evidence from the United States. International Review of Economics, 57(2), 163–176.
  • Dimanche, F., & Samdahl, D. M. (1994). Leisure as symbolic consumption: A conceptualization and prospectus for future research. Leisure Sciences, 16(2), 119–129.
  • Duerden, M. D., Widmer, M. A., Taniguchi, S. T., & McCoy, J. K. (2009). Adventures in identity development: The impact of a two-week adventure program on adolescent identity development. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 9(4), 341–359. doi:10.1080/15283480903422806
  • Eccles, J. S., & Barber, B. L. (1999). Student council, volunteering, basketball, or marching band: What kind of extracurricular involvement matters? Journal of Adolescent Research, 14(1), 10–43. doi:10.1177/0743558499141003
  • Erickson, R. J., & Wharton, A. S. (1997). Inauthenticity and depression assessing the consequences of interactive service work. Work and Occupations, 24(2), 188–213.
  • Fleming, P. (2005). Workers' playtime?: Boundaries and cynicism in a “culture of fun” program. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 41(3), 285–303. doi:10.1177/0021886305277033
  • Florida, R. (2014). The rise of the creative class. New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Foster, K. (2013). Generation and discourse in working life stories. The British Journal of Sociology, 64(2), 195–215.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2003). The value of positive emotions: The emerging science of positive psychology is coming to understand why it's good to feel good. American Scientist, 91(4), 330–335.
  • Fredrickson, B. L., & Dutton, J. E. (2008). Unpacking positive organizing: Organization as sites of individual and group flourishing. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(1), 1–3.
  • Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 331–362.
  • Grandey, A. A. (2003). When “the show must go on”: Surface acting and deep acting as determinants of emotional exhaustion and peer-rated service delivery. Academy of Management Journal, 46(1), 86–96.
  • Griffiths, A. (1996). The benefits of employee exercise programmes: A review. Work & Stress, 10(1), 5–23.
  • Guadagnolo, F. (1978). Employee recreation. In G. Godbey (Ed.), Recreation, park and leisure services: Foundations, organization, administration (pp. 174–185). Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders Company.
  • Iso-Ahola, S. E., & Park, C. J. (1996). Leisure-related social support and self-determination as buffers of stress-illness relationship. Journal of Leisure Research, 28(3), 169–187.
  • Iwasaki, Y. (2003). Examining rival models of leisure coping mechanisms. Leisure Sciences, 25(2–3), 183–206.
  • Iwasaki, Y., & Mannell, R. (2000). Hierarchical dimensions of leisure stress coping. Leisure Sciences, 22(3), 163–181. doi:10.1080/01490409950121843
  • Juniu, S., Tedrick, T., & Boyd, R. (1996). Leisure or work?: Amateur and professional musicians' perception of rehearsal and performance. Journal of Leisure Research, 28(1), 44.
  • Kabanoff, B. (1980). Work and nonwork: A review of models, methods, and findings. Psychological Bulletin, 88(1), 60–77.
  • Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692–724.
  • Karl, K., & Peluchette, J. (2006). How does workplace fun impact employee perceptions of customer service quality? Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 13(2), 2–13.
  • Kelly, J. R. (2009). Work and leisure: A simplified paradigm. Journal of Leisure Research, 41(3), 439–451.
  • Kelly, J. R. (2012). Leisure. Urbana, IL: Sagamore Publishing.
  • Kühnel, J., & Sonnentag, S. (2011). How long do you benefit from vacation? A closer look at the fade-out of vacation effects. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(1), 125–143.
  • Kyle, G., Graefe, A., Manning, R., & Bacon, J. (2003). An examination of the relationship between leisure activity involvement and place attachment among hikers along the Appalachian Trail. Journal of Leisure Research, 35(3), 249–273.
  • Lamm, E., & Meeks, M. D. (2009). Workplace fun: The moderating effects of generational differences. Employee Relations, 31(6), 613–631.
  • Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541–572.
  • Mannell, R., & Kleiber, D. (1997). A social psychology of leisure. State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
  • Mannell, R., & Reid, D. G. (1999). Work and leisure. In E. L. Jackson & T. L. Burton (Eds.), Leisure studies: Prospects for the twenty-first century (pp. 151–165). State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
  • Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709–734.
  • McGillivray, D. (2005a). Fitter, happier, more productive: Governing working bodies through wellness. Culture & Organization, 11(2), 125–138. doi:10.1080/14759550500091036
  • McGillivray, D. (2005b). Governing working bodies through leisure. Leisure Sciences, 27(4), 315–330. doi:10.1080/01490400590962425
  • McGillivray, D. (2003). Governing working bodies: A genealogical analysis of organisational well-ness (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland.
  • Meissner, M. (1971). The long arm of the job: A study of work and leisure. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 10(3), 239–260.
  • Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(1), 20–52.
  • Molynue, K., Widmer, M., & Taniguchi, S. (2012, October). Qualitative analysis of a corporate outdoor adventure learning program. Poster presented at the Leisure Research Symposium, Anaheim, CA.
  • Mokaya, S. O., & Gitari, J. W. (2012). Effects of workplace recreation on employee performance: The case of Kenya Utalii College. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(3), 176–183.
  • Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), 224–247.
  • Munson, W. W., & Widmer, M. A. (1997). Leisure behavior and occupational identity in university students. The Career Development Quarterly, 46(2), 190–198.
  • Neulinger, J. (1974). The psychology of leisure. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
  • Owler, K., Morrison, R., & Plester, B. (2010). Does fun work? The complexity of promoting fun at work. Journal of Management & Organization, 16(3), 338–352.
  • Parker, S. (1983). Leisure and work. London, England: George Allen and Unwyn.
  • Petrou, P., & Bakker, A. B. (2016). Crafting one's leisure time in response to high job strain. Human Relations, 69(2), 507–529.
  • Poder, P. (2007). Relatively liquid interpersonal relationship in flexible work life. In A. Elliott (Ed.), The contemporary Bauman (pp. 136–153). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Pogson, C. E., Cober, A. B., Doverspike, D., & Rogers, J. R. (2003). Differences in self-reported work ethic across three career stages. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62(1), 189–201.
  • Pollak, L. (2014). Becoming the boss: New rules for the next generation of leaders. New York, NY: Harper.
  • Rich, B. L., Lepine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 53(3), 617–635.
  • Rojek, C. (1995). Decentering leisure: Rethinking leisure theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Russell, R. V. (2013). Pastimes: The context of contemporary leisure (5th ed.). Urbana, IL: Sagamore Publishing.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American psychologist, 55(1), 68–78.
  • Seligman, M. E. (2002). Authentic happiness. New York, NY: Free Press.
  • Shaw, S. M. (1984). The measurement of leisure: A quality of life issue. Loisir et Société/Society and Leisure, 7(1), 91–107.
  • Shaw, S. M., Kleiber, D. A., & Caldwell, L. L. (1995). Leisure and identity formation in male and female adolescents: A preliminary examination. Journal of Leisure Research, 27(3), 245–263.
  • Snir, R., & Harpaz, I. (2002). Work-leisure relations: Leisure-orientation and the meaning of work. Journal of Leisure Research, 34(2), 178–203.
  • Sonnentag, S. (2003). Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface between nonwork and work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 518–528.
  • Sonnentag, S., & Bayer, U. V. (2005). Switching off mentally: Predictors and consequences of psychological detachment from work during off-job time. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(4), 393–414.
  • Sonnentag, S., & Natter, E. (2004). Flight attendants' daily recovery from work: Is there no place like home? International Journal of Stress Management, 11(4), 366–391.
  • Sonnentag, S., & Zijlstra, F. R. (2006). Job characteristics and off-job activities as predictors of need for recovery, well-being, and fatigue. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(2), 330–350.
  • Sørensen, B. M., & Spoelstra, S. (2012). Play at work: continuation, intervention and usurpation. Organization, 19(1), 81–97. doi:10.1177/1350508411407369
  • Spreitzer, G., Sutcliffe, K., Dutton, J., Sonenshein, S., & Grant, A. M. (2005). A socially embedded model of thriving at work. Organization Science, 16(5), 537–549.
  • Sylvester, C. (1999). The western idea of work and leisure: Traditions, transformations, and the future. In E. L. Jackson & T. L. Burton (Eds.), Leisure studies: Prospects for the twenty-first century (pp. 17–33). State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
  • Tan, H. H., & Tan, C. S. (2000). Toward the differentiation of trust in supervisor and trust in organization. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 126(2), 241–260.
  • Tett, R. P., & Burnett, D. D. (2003). A personality trait-based interactionist model of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 500–517.
  • The Daily Muse Editor. (2014). 13 companies that play as hard as they work. The Muse. Retrieved from https://www.themuse.com/advice/13-companies-that-play-as-hard-as-they-work
  • Totterdell, P., Spelten, E., Smith, L., Barton, J., & Folkard, S. (1995). Recovery from work shifts: How long does it take? Journal of Applied Psychology, 80(1), 43–57.
  • Tsaur, S. H., Liang, Y. W., & Hsu, H. J. (2012). A multidimensional measurement of work-leisure conflict. Leisure Sciences, 34(5), 395–416.
  • Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(2), 320–333.
  • Twenge, J. M., Campbell, S. M., Hoffman, B. J., & Lance, C. E. (2010). Generational differences in work values: Leisure and extrinsic values increasing, social and intrinsic values decreasing. Journal of Management, 36(5), 1117–1142.
  • Walker, G. J. (2016). Social class and basic psychological need satisfaction during leisure and paid work. Journal of Leisure Research, 48(3), 228–244.
  • Waterman, A. S. (1990). Personal expressiveness: Philosophical and psychological foundations. The Journal of Mind and Behavior, 11(1), 47–74.
  • Waterman, A. S. (1992). Identity as an aspect of optimal psychological functioning. In G. R. Adams, T. P. Gullotta, & R. Montemayor (Eds.), Adolescent identity formation (pp. 50–72). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Waters, L. E., & Moore, K. A. (2002). Reducing latent deprivation during unemployment: The role of meaningful leisure activity. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75(1), 15–32.
  • Widmer, M. A., Duerden, M. D., & Taniguchi, S. T. (2013). The diversity of therapeutic recreation: Application of TR in the corporate world of business. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 47(1), 1–12.
  • Williams, D. R., & Roggenbuck, J. W. (1989, October). Measuring place attachment: Some preliminary results. Paper presented at the Leisure Research Symposium, San Antonio, TX.
  • Youssef, C. M., & Luthans, F. (2007). Positive organizational behavior in the workplace: The impact of hope, optimism, and resilience. Journal of Management, 33(5), 774–800.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.