References
- Acton, T., & Ryder, A. (2012). Recognising Gypsy, Roma and traveller history and culture. In J. Richardson & A. R. Ryder (Eds.), Gypsies and travellers: Empowerment and inclusion in British society (pp. 135–150). Polity Press.
- Ahmed, S. (2006). Queer phenomenology: Orientations, objects, others. Duke University Press.
- Akkan, B., Deniz, M. B., & Ertan, M. (2017). The romanization of poverty: Spatial stigmatization of Roma neighborhoods in Turkey. Romani Studies, 27(1), 73–93. https://doi.org/10.3828/rs.2017.4
- Austin, R. (1994). A nation of thieves: Securing black people’s right to shop and to sell in White America. Utah Law Review, 147, 147–177.
- Azzarito, L., & Hill, J. (2013). Girls looking for a ‘second home’: Bodies, difference and places of inclusion. Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy, 18(4), 351–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2012.666792
- Bergin, M., Boyle, B., Lilja, M., & Prellwitz, M. (2023). Irish traveller children’s play: A scoping review. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 32(12), 3860–3875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-023-02695-w
- Braun, V., Clarke, V., & Weate, P. (2016). Using thematic analysis in sport and exercise research. In B. Smith & A. Sparkes (Eds.), Routledge handbook of qualitative research in sport and exercise. Routledge.
- Butler, J. (1993). Bodies that matter: On the discursive limits of sex. Routledge.
- Carastathis, A. (2010). Fanon on Turtle Island: Revisiting the question of violence. In E. A. Hoppe & T. Nicholls (Eds.), Fanon and the decolonization of philosophy (pp. 77–102). Lexington Books.
- Carter, R. T., & Forsyth, J. (2010). Reactions to racial discrimination: Emotional stress and help-seeking behaviors. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 2(3), 183–191. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020102
- Colman, A. V. (2022). Corporeal schemas and body images: Fanon, Merleau-Ponty, and the lived experience of race. In L. Laubscher, D. Hook, & M. U. Desai (Eds.), Fanon, phenomenology and psychology (pp. 127–138). Routledge.
- Creţan, R., & Light, D. (2020). COVID-19 in Romania: Transnational labour, geopolitics, and the Roma ‘outsiders. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 61(4–5), 559–572. https://doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2020.1780929
- Creţan, R., Kupka, P., Powell, R., & Walach, V. (2022). Everyday Roma stigmatization: Racialized urban encounters, collective histories and fragmented habitus. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 46(1), 82–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.13053
- Cruickshank, J. (2003). Realism and sociology: Anti-foundationalism, ontology and social research. Routledge.
- Çakı, F., & Kızıltepe, B. (2017). Üçüncü yerler olarak kafeler ve gençlik: Balıkesir örnek olay incelemesi [Youth and cafés as third places: A case study in Balıkesir]. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, 12(1), 173–202.
- DiAngelo, R. (2018). White fragility: Why it’s so hard for white people to talk about racism. Beacon Press.
- Ellefsen, R., Banafsheh, A., & Sandberg, S. (2022). Resisting racism in everyday life: From ignoring to confrontation and protest. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 45(16), 435–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2022.2094716
- Ergin, M. (2021). Racial otherness, citizenship, and belonging: Experiences of “not looking like a Turk. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 44(12), 2234–2254. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2021.1895274
- European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI). (2016). ECRI report on Turkey: Fifth monitoring cycle. Council of Europe.
- Fanon, F. (1963). The wretched of the earth. Grove Press.
- Fanon, F. (1967). Black skin, white masks. Grove Press.
- Feagin, J. R. (1991). The continuing significance of race: AntiBlack discrimination in public places. American Sociological Review, 56(1), 101–116. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095676
- Fleming, C. M., Lamont, M., & Welburn, J. S. (2012). African Americans respond to stigmatization: The meanings and salience of confronting, deflecting conflict, educating the ignorant and ‘managing the self. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 35(3), 400–417. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2011.589527
- Fletcher, T., & Spracklen, K. (2014). Cricket, drinking and exclusion of British Pakistani Muslims? Ethnic and Racial Studies, 37(8), 1310–1327. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.790983
- Flood, J. P., & McAvoy, L. H. (2007). Use of national forests by Salish-Kootenai tribal members: Traditional recreation and a legacy of cultural values. Leisure/Loisir, 31(1), 191–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2007.9651378
- Gilmore, R. W. (2007). Golden Gulag: Prisons, surplus, crisis, and opposition in globalizing (Vol. 21). University of California Press.
- Greenfields, M., & Ryder, A. (2010). Being with our own kind: The contexts of Gypsy-traveller elders’ social and leisure engagement. In B. Humberstone (Ed.), Third age and leisure: Research, principles and practice (pp. 97–115). Leisure Studies Association.
- Grill, J. (2012). “It’s building up to something and it won’t be nice when it erupts”: The making of Roma/Gypsy migrants in post-industrial Scotland. Focaal, 2012(62), 42–54. https://doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2012.620104
- Gündoğdu, A. (2022). Border deaths as forced disappearances: Frantz Fanon and the outlines of a critical phenomenology. Puncta, 5(3), 12–41. https://doi.org/10.5399/pjcp.v5i3.2
- Hylton, K. (2012). Talk the talk, walk the walk: Defining critical race theory in research. Race Ethnicity and Education, 15(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2012.638862
- İzmen, U. (2015). Bölgesel kalkınma dinamikleri: Edirne için Orta Gelir tuzağından çıkış Stratejileri ve 2023 senaryoları [The dynamics of regional development: Strategies for Edirne to escape middle income traps and 2023 scenarios]. https://turkonfed.org/Files/ContentFile/bolgesel-kalkinma-dinamikleri-edirne.pdf.
- Kloek, M. E., Peters, K., & Sijtsma, M. (2013). How Muslim women in the Netherlands negotiate discrimination during leisure activities. Leisure Sciences, 35(5), 405–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2013.831285
- Lambrev, V. (2020). “They clip our wings”: Studying achievement and racialisation through a Roma perspective. Intercultural Education, 31(2), 139–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2019.1702292
- Lee, K. J., & Scott, D. (2016). Bourdieu and African Americans’ park visitation: The case of cedar hill state park in Texas. Leisure Sciences, 38(5), 424–440. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2015.1127188
- Lee, K. J., Fernandez, M., Scott, D., & Floyd, M. (2023). Slow violence in public parks in the U.S.: Can we escape our troubling past? Social & Cultural Geography, 24(7), 1185–1202. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2022.2028182
- Lenneis, V., & Agergaard, S. (2018). Enacting and resisting the politics of belonging through leisure. The debate about gender-segregated swimming sessions targeting Muslim women in Denmark. Leisure Studies, 37(6), 706–720. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2018.1497682
- Lewis, T. E. (2018). “But I’m not a racist!” phenomenology, racism, and the body schema in white, pre-service teacher education. Race Ethnicity and Education, 21(1), 118–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2016.1195354
- Long, J. A., Dashper, K., Fletcher, T., & Ormerod, N. (2015). Understanding participation and non-participation in sport amongst Black and minority ethnic groups in Wales. Report by ISPAL and Ecorys for Sport Wales. Leeds Beckett University.
- Loveland, M. T., & Popescu, D. (2016). The Gypsy threat narrative: Explaining anti-Roma attitudes in the European Union. Humanity & Society, 40(3), 329–352. https://doi.org/10.1177/0160597615601715
- Matache, M., Bhabha, J., Alley, I., Barney, M., Peisch, S. F., & Lewin, V. (2020). Romani realities in the United States: Breaking the silence, challenging the stereotypes. FXB center for health and human rights at Harvard University. https://cdn1.sph.harvard.edu/wpcontent/uploads/sites/2464/2020/11/Romani-realities-report-final-11.30.2020.pdf.
- Matache, M., & Bhabha, J. (2020). Anti-Roma racism is spiraling during COVID-19 pandemic. Health and Human Rights, 22(1), 379.
- McGarry, A. (2017). Romaphobia: The last acceptable form of racism. Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Merleau-Ponty, M. (2002). Phenomenology of perception. Routledge.
- Miles, R. (1982). Racism and migrant labour: A critical text. Routledge and Kegan Paul.
- Mowatt, R. A. (2018a). A people’s history of leisure studies: Leisure, the tool of racecraft. Leisure Sciences, 40(7), 663–674. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2018.1534622
- Mowatt, R. A. (2018b). The peculiar heritage of lynching in America. In H. Silverman & M. Frihammer (Eds.), Heritage of death: Landscapes of emotion, memory and practice (pp. 178–192). Routledge.
- Mowatt, R. A. (2023). Fear city, cop city and others tales, a call for police research. Leisure Sciences, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2023.2270981
- Oravcová, A., & Slačálek, O. (2020). Roma youth in Czech rap music: Stereotypes, objectification and ‘triple inauthenticity’. Journal of Youth Studies, 23(7), 926–944. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2019.1645946
- Puwar, N. (2004). Space invaders: Race, gender and bodies out of place. Berg Publishers.
- Roberts, N. S. (2009). Crossing the color line with a different perspective on whiteness and (anti) racism: A response to Mary McDonald. Journal of Leisure Research, 41(4), 495–509. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2009.11950187
- Sharaievska, I., Stodolska, M., Shinew, K. J., & Kim, J. (2010). Perceived discrimination in leisure settings in Latino urban communities. Loisir [Leisure], 34(3), 295–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2010.521319
- Sharaievska, I., Stodolska, M., & Floyd, M. F. (2014). Discrimination in leisure contexts. In M. Stodolska, K. Shinew, M. Floyd, & G. Walker (Eds.), Race, ethnicity and leisure (pp. 177–190). Human Kinetics Publishers Inc.
- Soltani, A. (2021). Hijab in the water! Muslim women and participation in aquatic leisure activities in New Zealand: An intersectional approach. Leisure Studies, 40(6), 810–825. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2021.1933143
- Song, S. (2017). Bridging epidermalization of black inferiority and the racial epidermal schema: Internalizing oppression to the level of possibilities. DiGeSt, 4(1), 49–61.
- Sparkes, A. C., & Smith, B. (2014). Qualitative research methods in sport, exercise and health: From process to product. Routledge.
- Stephenson, M. L., & Hughes, H. L. (2005). Racialised boundaries in tourism and travel: A case study of the UK black Caribbean community. Leisure Studies, 24(2), 137–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/0261436052000308811
- The Traveller Movement. (2017). The last acceptable form of racism? The pervasive discrimination and prejudice experienced by Gypsy. Gypsy, Roma and Traveller Communities.
- TUIK (Turkish Statistical Institute). (2020). Adrese dayalı nüfus kayıt sistemi [Address based population registration results for Edirne] [online]. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=tr.
- Turgut, S. (2021). Kürt Damgası: Etnik Sınırlar ve Başa Çıkma Stratejileri [The Kurdish stigma: Ethnic boundaries and coping strategies]. İletişim Yayınları.
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. (2022). Genocide of European Roma (Gypsies), 1939–1945. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/genocide-of-european-roma-gypsies-1939-1945?series=19.
- Ziemer, U. (2011). Minority youth, everyday racism and public spaces in contemporary Russia. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 14(2), 229–242. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549410385182