References
- Arnold , M. and Shinew , K. 1998 . The role of gender, race, and income on park use constraints . Journal of Park and Recreation Administration. , 16 : 39 – 56 .
- Christyson , M. J. Cleveland Metroparks Marketing Plan , Unpublished manuscript 80
- Crawford , D. W. and Godbey , G. C. 1987 . Reconceptualizing barriers to family leisure . Leisure Sciences. , 9 : 119 – 127 .
- Godbey , G. 1985 . Non-participation in public leisure services: A model . Journal of Park and Recreation Administration. , 3 : 1 – 13 .
- Godbey , G. 1989 . “ Implications of recreation and leisure research for professionals. ” . In Understanding leisure and recreation: Mapping the past, charting the future , Edited by: Jackson , E. L. and Burton , T. L. 613 – 628 . State College, PA : Venture Publishing .
- Henderson , K. A. and Bialeschki , M. D. 1991 . A sense of entitlement to leisure as constraint and empowerment for women . Leisure Sciences. , 12 : 51 – 65 .
- Howard , D. R. and Crompton , J. L. 1984 . Who are the consumers of public park and recreation services? An analysis of the users and non-users of three municipal leisure service organizations . Journal of Park and Recreation Administration. , 2 : 33 – 48 .
- Hultsman , W. Z. 1993 . Is constrained leisure an internally homogeneous concept? An extension . Journal of Leisure Research. , 25 : 319 – 334 .
- Iso-Ahola , S. E. and Mannell , R. C. 1985 . “ Social and psychological constraints on leisure ” . In Constraints on Leisure , Edited by: Wade , M. G. 111 – 151 . Springfield, IL : Charles C Thomas .
- Jackson , E. L. Constraints to Leisure , State College, PA : Venture Publishing . In Press
- Jackson , E. L. and Rucks , V. C. 1993 . Reasons for ceasing participation and barriers to participation: Further examination of constrained leisure as an internally homogeneous concept . Leisure Sciences. , 15 : 217 – 230 .
- Jackson , E. L. and Scott , D. 1999 . “ Constraints to leisure. ” . In Leisure studies: Prospects for the twenty-first century , Edited by: Jackson , E. L. and Burton , T. L. 299 – 321 . State College, PA : Venture Publishing .
- Jackson , E. L. and Witt , P. A. 1994 . Change and stability in leisure constraints: A comparison of two surveys conducted four years apart . Journal of Leisure Research. , 26 : 322 – 336 .
- Mannell , R. C. and Zuzanek , J. 1991 . The nature and variability of leisure constraints in daily life: The case of the physically active leisure of older adults . Leisure Sciences. , 13 : 337 – 351 .
- McGuire , F. A. 1984 . A factor analytic study of leisure constraints in advanced adulthood . Leisure Sciences. , 6 : 313 – 326 .
- McGuire , F. A. , O'Leary , J. T. , Yeh , C. -K. and Dottavio , F. D. 1989 . Integrating ceasing participation with other aspects of leisure behaviour: A replication and extension . Journal of Leisure Research. , 21 : 316 – 326 .
- Mowen , A. J. and Confer , J. J. 2003 . The relationship between perceptions, distance, and socio- demographic characteristics upon public use of an urban park “in-fill.” . Journal of Park and Recreation Administration , 21 ( 3 ) : 58 – 74 .
- Samdahl , D. M. and Jekubovich , N. J. 1997 . A critique of leisure constraints: Comparative analyses and understandings . Journal of Leisure Research. , 29 : 430 – 452 .
- Scott , D. and Jackson , E. L. 1996 . Factors that limit and strategies that might encourage people's use of public parks . Journal of Park and Recreation Administration. , 14 : 1 – 17 .
- Scott , D. and Munson , W. 1994 . Perceived constraints to park usage among individuals with low incomes . Journal of Park and Recreation Administration. , 12 : 52 – 69 .
- Searle , M. S. and Brayley , R. E. 1992 . Is constrained leisure an internally homogeneous concept? A further examination , Paper presented at the 1992 NRPA Leisure Research Symposium, Cincinnati, Ohio
- United States Bureau of the Census (2000). Population, Housing Units, and Density: 2000. Available http://www.census.gov (http://www.census.gov)
- World Tourism Organization (November 2001). Tourism after 11 September 2001: Analysis, remedial actions and prospects. Retrieved May 26, 2004, from http://www.world-tourism.org/market_research/recovery/WTO_TTRC_Summ.pdf. (http://www.world-tourism.org/market_research/recovery/WTO_TTRC_Summ.pdf.)
- Wright , B. , Rodgers , E. B. D. and Backman , K. F. 2001 . Assessing the temporal stability of hunting participation and the structure and intensity of constraints: A panel study. . Journal of Leisure Research , 33 : 450 – 469 .