Publication Cover
Leisure Sciences
An Interdisciplinary Journal
Volume 11, 1989 - Issue 1
210
Views
128
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research articles

Urban region parks and black minorities: Subculture, marginality, and interracial relations in park use in the Detroit metropolitan area

Pages 11-28 | Published online: 13 Jul 2009

References

  • Allport , G.W. 1985 . The nature of prejudice , Reading, MA : Addison‐Wesley Publishing .
  • Ballard , R.D. and Wright , B.H. 1986 . The politics of pollution: implications for the black community . Phylon , 67 (1) : 71 – 78 .
  • Billinsley , A. 1987 . Black families in white America , New York : Prentice‐Hall .
  • Campbell , A. 1971 . White attitudes towards black people , Ann Arbor : University of Michigan, Institute For Social Research .
  • Cheek , N.H. , Field , D.R. and Burdge , R.J. 1976 . Leisure and recreation places , Ann Arbor : Ann Arbor Science Publishers .
  • Cook , L. , Cooper , L.A. , Engebert , P. , Irvin , P. , Liberty , P. and Thomas , C. 1986 . City of Dearborn Park ordinance 85–330: Against race or for space , Ann Arbor : University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources . Unpublished Report
  • Craig , W. 1972 . Recreational activity patterns in a small negro urban community: The role of the cultural base . Economic Geography , 48 : 107 – 115 .
  • Edwards , P.K. 1981 . Race, residence and leisure style: Some policy implications . Leisure Sciences , 4 : 95 – 112 .
  • Fly , J.M. and Marans , R.W. . Public responses to urban recreation resources: Comparisons between black and white respondents in the Detroit metropolitan area . Paper presented at Symposium on Leisure Research, Congress for Recreation and Parks . Oct. 19–23 , Phoenix, Arizona.
  • Gans , H. 1970 . “ We won't end the urban crisis until we end “majority rule” . In Prejudice and race relations , Edited by: Mack , R.W. 126 – 41 . Chicago : Quadrangle Books .
  • Gay , C. , Mehi , V. , Neering , M. , Olds , R. , Robinson , W. and Walsh , M. 1987 . Kensington Metro‐park: A case study , Ann Arbor : University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources . Unpublished Report
  • Glazer , N. and Moynihan , D.P. 1975 . Ethnicity: theory and experience , Cambridge : Harvard University Press .
  • Hirsch , A. 1983 . Making the second ghetto: race and housing in Chicago, 1940–1960 , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Hutchinson , I.J. Jr. 1974 . “ Recreation and racial minorities ” . In Recreation and special populations , Edited by: Stein , Thomas A. and Sessoms , H. Douglas . 323 – 52 . Boston : Holbrook Press .
  • Hutchison , R. 1987 . Ethnicity and urban recreation: whites, blacks, and Hispanics in Chicago's public parks . Journal of Leisure Research , 19 (3) : 205 – 222 .
  • Jackson , R.G. 1973 . A preliminary bicultural study of value orientations and leisure attitudes . Journal of Leisure Research , 5 : 10 – 22 .
  • Kish , L.A. 1949 . A procedure for objective respondent selection within the household . Journal of the American Statistical Association , 44 : 380 – 87 .
  • Kochman , T. 1981 . Black and white styles in conflict , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Lee , R. 1972 . “ The social definition of outdoor recreation places ” . In Social behavior, natural resources, and environment , Edited by: Burch , W.R. Jr. , Cheek , N. and Taylor , L. 68 – 84 . New York : Harper and Row .
  • Marans , R.W. and Fly , J.M. 1981 . Recreation and the quality of urban life: recreational resources, behaviors, and evaluations of people in the Detroit region , Research Report Series Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, the University of Michigan .
  • McCaull , S. 1977 . “ Discriminatory air pollution ” . In Readings in ecology, energy and human society , Edited by: Burch , W.R. Jr. 150 – 56 . New York : Harper and Row .
  • Meeker , J.W. , Woods , W.K. and Lucas , W. 1973 . Red, white, and black in the national parks . North American Review , 258 : 3 – 7 .
  • Miller , Herman P. 1970 . “ The job gap ” . In Prejudice and race relations , Edited by: Mack , R. 116 – 25 . Chicago : Quadrangle Books .
  • Murphy , J.F. 1970 . “ Notes on the negro and the recreation movement in America, 1885–1970 ” . In Recreation and leisure service for the disadvantaged , Edited by: Nesbitt , J. A. , Brown , P.D. and Murphy , J.F. 114 – 30 . Philadelphia : Lea and Febiger .
  • National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders . 1970 . “ Kerner Commission Report: Grievances ” . In Recreation and leisure service for the disadvantaged , Edited by: Nesbitt , J.A. , Brown , P.D. and Murphy , J.F. 41 – 48 . Philadelphia : Lea and Febiger .
  • Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission (ORRRC) . 1962 . National recreation survey , ORRRC Study Report 19 Berkeley : University of California, Wildland Research Center .
  • Peterson , G.L. . Recreation preferences of urban teenagers: The influence of cultural and environmental attributes . Children, nature, and the urban environment: Proceedings of a symposium fair . pp. 113 – 21 . Upper Darby, Pennsylvania : Northeast Experiment Station . USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report NE‐30
  • Pinkney , A. 1984 . The Myth of black progress , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Rex , J. and Mason , D. 1988 . Theories of race and ethnic relationships , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Scherman , R.B. 1970 . The negro and the city , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice‐Hall .
  • Schuman , H. and Gruenberg , B. 1972 . “ Dissatisfaction with city services: Is race an important factor? ” . In People and Politics in Urban Society , Edited by: Hahn , H. 369 – 92 . Beverly Hills : Sage Publications .
  • Schuman , H. , Steeth , C. and Bobo , L. 1985 . Racial attitudes in America: Trends and interpretations , Cambridge : Harvard University Press .
  • Stamps , S.M. Jr. and Stamps , M. B. 1985 . Race, class, and leisure activities of urban residents . Journal of Leisure Research , 17 (1) : 40 – 56 .
  • Washburne , R.F. 1978 . Black under‐participation in wildland recreation: Alternative explanations . Leisure Sciences , 1 : 175 – 89 .
  • Weber , M. 1968 . “ Class, status, and party ” . In Class, status, and power , Edited by: Bendix , R. and Lipset , S.M. 21 – 28 . New York : The Free Press .
  • Wendling , R.C. . Black/white differences in outdoor recreation behavior: State‐of‐the‐art and recommendations for management and research . Paper presented at the Conference on Social Research in National Parks and Wildland Areas, Great Smokey Mountains National Park . March 21–22 , Gatlinburg, Tennessee.
  • Willie , C.V. 1974 . The black family and social class . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 44 : 50 – 60 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.