Diversity in the Simulation of Chlorophyll Concentration by CMIP5 Earth System Models over the Indian Ocean

References

• Adachi, Y., S. Yukimoto, M. Deushi, A. Obata, H. Nakano, T. Y. Tanaka, M. Hosaka, T. Sakami, H. Yoshimura, M. Hirabara, et al. 2013. Basic performance of a new earth system model of the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI-ESM1). Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics 64:1–19.
   Google Scholar
• Anju, M., M. G. Sreeush, V. Valsala, B. R. Smitha, F. Hamza, G. Bharathi, and C. V. Naidu. 2020. Understanding the role of nutrient limitation on plankton biomass over Arabian Sea via 1‐D coupled biogeochemical model and bio‐Argo observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 125 (6):e2019JC015502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banse, K. 1987. Seasonality of phytoplankton chlorophyll in the central and northern Arabian Sea. Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers 34 (5–6):713–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandt, A., H. Griffiths, J. Gutt, K. Linse, S. Schiaparelli, T. Ballerini, B. Danis, and O. Pfannkuche. 2014. Challenges of deep-sea biodiversity assessments in the Southern Ocean. Advances in Polar Science 25 (3):204–12.
   Google Scholar
• Chassot, E., S. Bonhommeau, N. K. Dulvy, F. Mélin, R. Watson, D. Gascuel, and O. Le Pape. 2010. Global marine primary production constrains fisheries catches. Ecology Letters 13 (4):495–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du, Y., S. P. Xie, G. Huang, and K. Hu. 2009. Role of air–sea interaction in the long persistence of El Niño–induced north Indian Ocean warming. Journal of Climate 22 (8):2023–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunne, J. P., J. G. John, E. Shevliakova, R. J. Stouffer, J. P. Krasting, S. L. Malyshev, P. C. D. Milly, L. T. Sentman, A. J. Adcroft, W. Cooke, et al. 2013. GFDL’s ESM2 global coupled climate–carbon earth system models. Part II: Carbon system formulation and baseline simulation characteristics. Journal of Climate 26 (7):2247–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falkowski, P. G., R. T. Barber, and V. Smetacek. 1998. Biogeochemical controls and feedbacks on ocean primary production. Science (New York, N.Y.) 281 (5374):200–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falkowski, P., R. J. Scholes, E. Boyle, J. Canadell, D. Canfield, J. Elser, N. Gruber, K. Hibbard, P. Högberg, S. Linder, et al. 2000. The global carbon cycle: A test of our knowledge of earth as a system. Science (New York, N.Y.) 290 (5490):291–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaube, P., D. B. Chelton, P. G. Strutton, and M. J. Behrenfeld. 2013. Satellite observations of chlorophyll, phytoplankton biomass, and Ekman pumping in nonlinear mesoscale eddies. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 118 (12):6349–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gildor, H., and M. J. Follows. 2002. Two‐way interactions between ocean biota and climate mediated by biogeochemical cycles. Israel Journal of Chemistry 42 (1):15–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girishkumar, M. S., M. Ravichandran, and V. Pant. 2012. Observed chlorophyll-a bloom in southern Bay of Bengal during winter 2006-07. International Journal of Remote Sensing 33 (4):1264–1275.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregg, W. W., and N. W. Casey. 2007. Modeling coccolithophores in the global oceans. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 54 (5–7):447–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hareesh Kumar, P. V., and B. Mathew. 1997. On the heat budget of the Arabian Sea. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 62 (3-4):215–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01029703.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huot, Y., M. Babin, F. Bruyant, C. Grob, M. S. Twardowski, and H. Claustre. 2007. Relationship between photosynthetic parameters and different proxies of phytoplankton biomass in the subtropical ocean. Biogeosciences 4 (5):853–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilyina, T., K. D. Six, J. Segschneider, E. Maier‐Reimer, H. Li, and I. Núñez‐Riboni. 2013. Global ocean biogeochemistry model HAMOCC: Model architecture and performance as component of the MPI‐Earth system model in different CMIP5 experimental realizations. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 5 (2):287–315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jyothibabu, R., P. A. Maheswaran, N. V. Madhu, T. M. Ashraf, V. J. Gerson, P. C. Haridas, and T. C. Gopalakrishnan. 2004. Differential response of winter cooling on biological production in the northeastern Arabian Sea and northwestern Bay of Bengal. Current Science 87(6):783–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keerthi, M. G., M. Lengaigne, M. Levy, J. Vialard, V. Parvathi, C. de Boyer Montégut, C. Ethé, O. Aumont, I. Suresh, V. P. Akhil, et al. 2017. Physical control of interannual variations of the winter chlorophyll bloom in the northern Arabian Sea. Biogeosciences 14 (15):3615–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, S. A., B. J. Soden, and N. C. Lau. 1999. Remote sea surface temperature variations during ENSO: Evidence for a tropical atmospheric bridge. Journal of Climate 12 (4):917–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koné, V., O. Aumont, M. Lévy, and L. Resplandy. 2009. Physical and biogeochemical controls of the phytoplankton seasonal cycle in the Indian Ocean: A modeling study. Indian Ocean Biogeochemical Processes and Ecological Variability 185:350.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, S., N. Ramaiah, M. Gauns, V. Sarma, P. M. Muraleedharan, S. Raghukumar, M. Dileep Kumar, and M. Madhupratap. 2001. Physical forcing of biological productivity in the Northern Arabian Sea during the Northeast Monsoon. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 48 (6-7):1115–26. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00133-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lévy, M., André, J.-M., Shankar, D., Durand, F., & Shenoi, S. S. C. 2006. A quantitative method for describing the seasonal cycles of surface chlorophyll in the Indian Ocean. Remote Sensing of the Marine Environment. doi:https://doi.org/10.1117/12.693587
   Google Scholar
• Lévy, M., D. Shankar, J. M. André, S. S. C. Shenoi, F. Durand, and C. de Boyer Montégut. 2007. Basin‐wide seasonal evolution of the Indian Ocean's phytoplankton blooms. Journal of Geophysical Research 112 (C12). doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jc004090
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maritorena, S., O. H. F. d'Andon, A. Mangin, and D. A. Siegel. 2010. Merged satellite ocean color data products using a bio-optical model: Characteristics, benefits and issues. Remote Sensing of Environment 114 (8):1791–804.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, G. M., Dearden, C. Greeves, C. Hinton, T. Inness, P. James. P, Pope, V. D., Ringer, M. A., Stratton, R. A., and G. Y. Yang. 2004. Evaluation of the atmospheric performance of HadGAM. GEM1 (Hadley Centre Technical Note 54). Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research/Met Office, 1-64. http://www.metoffice.com/research/hadleycentre/pubs/HCTN/HCTN_54.pdf
   Google Scholar
• McCreary, J. P., Murtugudde, R., Vialard, J., Vinayachandran, P. N., Wiggert, J. D., Hood, R. R., … Shetye, S. 2009. Biophysical processes in the Indian Ocean. Geophysical Monograph Series, 9–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gm000768.
   Google Scholar
• McPhaden, M. J., S. E. Zebiak, and M. H. Glantz. 2006. ENSO as an integrating concept in earth science. Science (New York, N.Y.) 314 (5806):1740–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ménard, F., F. Marsac, E. Bellier, and B. Cazelles. 2007. Climatic oscillations and tuna catch rates in the Indian Ocean: A wavelet approach to time series analysis. Fisheries Oceanography 16 (1):95–104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monolisha, S., T. Platt, S. Sathyendranath, J. Jayasankar, G. George, and T. Jackson. 2018. Optical Classification of the Coastal Waters of the Northern Indian Ocean. Frontiers in Marine Science 5. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00087.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, J. K., S. C. Doney, and K. Lindsay. 2004. Upper ocean ecosystem dynamics and iron cycling in a global three-dimensional model. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18 (4). doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morel, A., and S. Maritorena. 2001. Bio-optical properties of oceanic waters: A reappraisal. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 106 (C4):7163–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murtugudde, R., and A. J. Busalacchi. 1999. Interannual variability of the dynamics and thermodynamics of the tropical Indian Ocean. Journal of Climate 12 (8):2300–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Reilly, J. E., S. Maritorena, B. G. Mitchell, D. A. Siegel, K. L. Carder, S. A. Garver, M. Kahru, and C. McClain. 1998. Ocean color chlorophyll algorithms for SeaWiFS. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 103 (C11):24937–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oschlies, A. 2001. Model-derived estimates of new production: New results point towards lower values. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 48 (10):2173–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer, J. R., and I. J. Totterdell. 2001. Production and export in a global ocean ecosystem model. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 48 (5):1169–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasanna Kumar, S., M. Nuncio, J. Narvekar, A. Kumar, S. Sardesai, S. N. de Souza, M. Gauns, N. Ramaiah, and M. Madhupratap. 2004. Are eddies nature's trigger to enhance biological productivity in the Bay of Bengal? Geophysical Research Letters 31:L07309. doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravichandran, M., M. S. Girishkumar, and S. Riser. 2012. Observed variability of chlorophyll-a using Argo profiling floats in the southeastern Arabian Sea. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 65:15–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reason, C. J. C., R. J. Allan, J. A. Lindesay, and T. J. Ansell. 2000. ENSO and climatic signals across the Indian Ocean basin in the global context: Part I, Interannual composite patterns. International Journal of Climatology 20 (11):1285–327.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resplandy, L., M. Lévy, G. Madec, S. Pous, O. Aumont, and D. Kumar. 2011. Contribution of mesoscale processes to nutrient budgets in the Arabian Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (C11). doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roxy, M. K., A. Modi, R. Murtugudde, V. Valsala, S. Panickal, S. Prasanna Kumar, M. Ravichandran, M. Vichi, and M. Lévy. 2016. A reduction in marine primary productivity driven by rapid warming over the tropical Indian Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters 43 (2):826–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saji, N. H., B. N. Goswami, P. N. Vinayachandran, and T. Yamagata. 1999. A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean. Nature 401 (6751):360–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarangi, R. K. (2011). Impact of cyclones on the Bay of Bengal chlorophyll variability using remote sensing satellites. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 40 (6):794–801.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Séférian, R., L. Bopp, M. Gehlen, J. C. Orr, C. Ethé, P. Cadule, O. Aumont, D. Salas y Mélia, A. Voldoire, and G. Madec. 2013. Skill assessment of three earth system models with common marine biogeochemistry. Climate Dynamics 40 (9–10):2549–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smitha, A., Syam, S., Menon, N. N., & Pettersson, L. H. 2018. Using Remote Sensing to Study Phytoplankton Biomass and Its Influence on Herbivore Fishery in the South-Eastern Arabian Sea. Remote Sensing of the Asian Seas, 449–465. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94067-0_25.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, K. E. 2001. Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 106 (D7):7183–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, K. E., R. J. Stouffer, and G. A. Meehl. 2012. An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 93 (4):485–498. doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-11-00094.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripathy, M., M. Raman, R. M. Dwivedi, and A. Ajai. 2012. Frequency of Cyclonic Disturbances and Changing Productivity Patterns in the North Indian Ocean Region: A Study Using Sea Surface Temperature and Ocean Colour Data. International Journal of Geosciences 03 (03):490–506. doi:https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2012.33052.
   Google Scholar
• Venzke, S., M. Latif, and A. Villwock. 2000. The coupled GCM ECHO-2. Part II: Indian Ocean response to ENSO. Journal of Climate 13 (8):1371–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vichi, M., N. Pinardi, and S. Masina. 2007. A generalized model of pelagic biogeochemistry for the global ocean ecosystem. Part I: Theory. Journal of Marine Systems 64 (1–4):89–109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinayachandran, P. N., and S. Mathew. 2003. Phytoplankton bloom in the Bay of Bengal during the northeast monsoon and its intensification by cyclones. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (11):1572. doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016717.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinayachandran, P. N., J. P. McCreary, Jr, R. R. Hood, and K. E. Kohler. 2005. A numerical investigation of the phytoplankton bloom in the Bay of Bengal during Northeast Monsoon. Journal of Geophysical Research 110 (C12). doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jc002966.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinueza, L. R., G. M. Branch, M. L. Branch, and R. H. Bustamante. 2006. Top‐down herbivory and bottom‐up El Niño effects on Galápagos Rocky‐shore communities. Ecological Monographs 76 (1):111–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C., and P. C. Fiedler. 2006. ENSO variability and the eastern tropical Pacific: A review. Progress in Oceanography 69 (2–4):239–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, D., and H. Zhao. 2008. Estimation of phytoplankton responses to Hurricane Gonu over the Arabian Sea based on ocean color data. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 8 (8):4878–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiggert, J. D., R. R. Hood, K. Banse, and J. C. Kindle. 2005. Monsoon-driven biogeochemical processes in the Arabian Sea. Progress in Oceanography 65 (2-4):176–213. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2005.03.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiggert, J. D., B. H. Jones, T. D. Dickey, K. H. Brink, R. A. Weller, J. Marra, and L. A. Codispoti. 2000. The Northeast Monsoon's impact on mixing, phytoplankton biomass and nutrient cycling in the Arabian Sea. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 47 (7–8):1353–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiggert, J. D., R. G. Murtugudde, and C. R. McClain. 2002. Processes controlling interannual variations in wintertime (Northeast Monsoon) primary productivity in the central Arabian Sea. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 49 (12):2319–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyrtki, K. 1973. An equatorial jet in the Indian Ocean. Science (New York, N.Y.) 181 (4096):262–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, S. P., K. Hu, J. Hafner, H. Tokinaga, Y. Du, G. Huang, and T. Sampe. 2009. Indian Ocean capacitor effect on Indo–Western Pacific climate during the summer following El Niño. Journal of Climate 22 (3):730–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahariev, K., J. R. Christian, and K. L. Denman. 2008. Preindustrial, historical, and fertilization simulations using a global ocean carbon model with new parameterizations of iron limitation, calcification, and N2 fixation. Progress in Oceanography 77 (1):56–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar