Fungal Communities on Rock Surfaces in Demänovská Ice Cave and Demänovská Cave of Liberty (Slovakia)

References

• Ballero M, Gioannis N, de Goretti G, Lombardini S, Frenquelli G. 1992. Comparative study about airborne spores in Caligari and Perugia. Aerobiologia 8:141–147.
   Google Scholar
• Barton HA, Northup DE. 2007. Geomicrobiology in cave environments: past current and future perspectives. J Cave Karst Stud 69:163–178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bensch K, Braun U, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW. 2012. The genus Cladosporium. Stud Mycol 72:1–401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackwell M. 2011. The fungi: 1, 2, 3 … 5.1 million species? Am J Bot 98:426–438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boswell GP, Jacobs H, Davidson FA, Gadd GM, Ritz K. 2003. Growth and function of fungal mycelia in heterogeneous environments. Bull Math Biol 65:447–477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boswell GP, Jacobs H, Ritz K, Gadd GM, Davidson FA. 2006. The development of fungal networks in complex environments. Bull Math Biol 69:605–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burford EP, Kierans M, Gadd GM. 2003a. Geomycology: fungi in mineral substrata. Mycologist 17(3):98–107.
   Google Scholar
• Burford EP, Fomina M, Gadd GM. 2003b. Fungal involvement in bioweathering and biotransformation of rocks and minerals. Miner Mag 67:1127–1155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burford EP, Hillier S, Gadd GM. 2006. Biomineralization of fungal hyphae with calcite (CaCO3) and calcium oxalate mono- and dihydrate in carboniferous limestone microcosms. Geomicrobiol J 23:599–611.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro IM, Fietto JLR, Vieira RX, Tropia MJM, Campos LMM, Paniago EB, Brandao RL. 2000. Bioleaching of zinc and nickel from silicates using Aspergillus niger cultures. Hydrometallurgy 57:39–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang JCS, Foarde KK, Vanosdell DW. 1995. Growth evaluation of fungi (Penicillium and Aspergillus spp.) on ceiling tiles. Atmos Environ 29(17):2331–2337.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chilvers MI, du Toit LJ. 2006. Detection and identification of Botrytis species associated with neck rot, scape blight, and umbel blight of onion. Plant Health Progress. Online. doi:10.1094/PHP-2006-1127-01-DG
   Google Scholar
• Cwalina B. 2008. Biodeterioration of concrete. ACEE 4:133–140.
   Google Scholar
• De Hoog GS, Zeng JS, Harrak MJ, Sutton DA. 2006. Exophiala xenobiotica sp. nov., an opportunistic black yeast inhabiting environments rich in hydrocarbons. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 90(3):257–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domsch KH, Games W, Anderson TH. 1980. Compendium of Soil Fungi. London: Academic Press, pp201–208.
   Google Scholar
• Douwes J, Thorne P, Pearce N, Heederik D. 2003. Bioaerosol health effects and exposure assessment: Progress and prospects. Ann Occup Hyg 47(3):187–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eduard W. 2009. Fungal spores: A critical review of the toxicological and epidemiological evidence as a basis for occupational exposure limit setting. Crit Rev Toxicol 39(10):799–864.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrlich HL. 1998. Geomicrobiology: its significance for geology. Earth Sci Rev 45:45–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eschete ML, King JW, West BC, Oberle A. 1981. Penicillium chrysogenum endophthalmitis: first reported case. Mycopathologia 74:125–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frisvad JC, Samson RA. 2004. Polyphasic taxonomy of Penicillium subgenus Penicillium. A guide to identification of food and air-borne terverticillate Penicillia and their mycotoxins. Stud Mycol 49:1–173.
   Google Scholar
• Gadd GM. 2007. Geomycology: biogeochemical transformations of rocks, minerals, metals and radionuclides by fungi, bioweathering and bioremediation. Mycol Res 111(1):3–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gadd GM. 2008. Bacterial and fungal geomicrobiology: a problem with communities? Geobiology 6:278–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gadd GM. 2010. Metals, minerals and microbes: geomicrobiology and bioremediation. Microbiology 156:609–643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gadd GM, Rhee YJ, Stephenson K, Wei Z. 2012. Geomycology: metals, actinides and biominerals. Environ Microbiol Rep 4(3):270–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerrath JF, Gerrath JA, Larson DW. 1995. A preliminary account of endolithic algae of limestone cliffs of the Niagara Escarpment. Can J Bot 73:788–793.
   Google Scholar
• Gerrath JF, Gerrath JA, Matthes U, Larson DW. 2000. Endolithic algae and cyanobacteria from cliffs of the Niagara Escarpment, Ontario, Canada. Can J Bot 78:807–815.
   Google Scholar
• Glaeser JA, Smith KT. 2010. Decay fungi associated with Oaks and other hardwoods in the Western United States. Proceedings of the 6th Western Hazard Tree Workshop, June 14–18, Medford, Oregon.
   Google Scholar
• Golubev VI. 1981. New combinations in the yeast genus Cryptococcus. Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya 15(6):467–468.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grinn-Gofroń A, Strzelczak A, Wolski T. 2011. The relationships between air pollutants, meteorological parameters and concentration of airborne fungal spores. Environ Pollut 159:602–608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu JD. 2003. Microbiological deterioration and degradation of synthetic polymeric materials: recent research advances. Intern Biodeter Biodegr 52:69–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu JD, Ford TE, Berke NS, Mitchell R. 1998. Biodeterioration of concrete by the fungus Fusarium. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 41(2):101–109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsch P, Eckhardt FEW, Palmer RJ Jr. 1995. Fungi active in weathering of rock and stone monuments. Can J Bot 73(S1):1384–1390.
   Google Scholar
• Hjelmroos M. 1993. Relationship between airborne fungal spore presence and weather variables. Grana 32:40–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman M, Bash E, Berger SA, Burke M, Yust I. 1992. Fatal necrotizing esophagitis due to Penicillium chrysogenum in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 11:1158–1160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmberg K. 1987. Indoormould exposure to health effects. In: Seifert B, Esdorn H, Fischer M, Ruden H, Wegner J, editors. Indoor Air ‘87: Volatile Organic Compounds, Combustion Gases, Particles and Fibers, Microbiological Agents. Berlin: Institute for Water Soil and Air Hygiene, pp637–642.
   Google Scholar
• Honegger R. 1991. Functional aspects of the lichen symbiosis. Annu Rev Plant Biol 42:553–578.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honeyborne DB. 2011. Weathering and decay of masonry. In: Ashurts J, Dimes FG, editors. Conservation of Bulding and Decorative Stone. Routledge. New York: Taylor & Francis Group, pp168.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes KA, Lawley B. 2003. A novel Antarctic microbial endolithic community within gypsum crusts. Environ Microbiol 5:555–565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter CA Lea RG. 1995. The airborne fungal population of representative British homes. Air Qual Monogr 2:141–153.
   Google Scholar
• Jung PE, Fong JJ, Park MS, Oh S-Y, Kim C, Lim YW. 2014. Sequence validation for the identification of the White-Rot fungi Bjerkandera in Public Sequence Databases. J Microbiol Biotechnol 24(10):1313–1319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karkun A, Tiwari KL, Jadav SK. 2012. Fungal diversity of Mandeepkhol Cave in Chhattisgarh, India. Adv Biores 3(2):119–123.
   Google Scholar
• Kim JY, Kwon HW, Yun YH, Kim SH. 2016. Identification and characterization of Trichoderma species damaging shiitake mushroom bed-logs infested by Camptomyia Pest. J Microbiol Biotechnol 26(5):909–917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koilraj AJ, Marimuthu G. 1998. Algal flora in the cave soils. Curr Sci 75(11):1111–1113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruczalak K, Olanczuk-Neyman K. 2004. Microorganisms in the air over wastewater treatment plants. Pol J Environ Stud 13(5):537–542.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krumbein WE, Urzí C. 1993. Biologically induced decay phenomena of antique marbles—some general considerations. In: Decrouez D, Chamy J, Zezza F, editors. The Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin, Proc. 2nd Int Symp. Geneve: Musee d’ Art et d’ Histoire Naturelle, pp219–235.
   Google Scholar
• Krzysiak P, Skórka M, Macura AB. 2011. Atlas grzybów chorobotwórczych człowieka (Atlas of human fungal pathogens). Wrocław: MedPharm Polska [in Polish]
   Google Scholar
• Kuhad RC, Singh A, Eriksson KE. 1997. Microorganisms and enzymes involved in the degradation of plant fiber cell walls. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 57:45–125.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Larsen L, Gravesen S. 1991. Seasonal variation of outdoor airborne viable microfungi in Copenhagen, Denmark. Grana 30:467–471.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li XS, Arai H, Shimoda I, Kuraishi H, Katayama Y. 2008. Enumeration of sulfuroxidizing microorganisms on deteriorating stone of the Angkor monuments, Cambodia. Microb Environ 23:293–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim YW, Lee JS, Jung HS. 2010. Fungal Flora of Korea. Basidiomycota: Hymenomycetes: Aphyllophorales. Wood Rotting Fungi. National Institute of Biological Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Luef E, Prey T, Kubicek CP. 1991. Biosorption of zinc by fungal mycelial wastes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 34:688–692.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luley CJ. 2005. Wood Decay Fungi Common to Urban Living Trees in the Northeast and Central United States. Naples, NY: Urban Forestry LLC., pp60.
   Google Scholar
• Macher JM. 2001. Review of methods to collect settled dust and isolate culturable microorganisms. Indoor Air 11(2):99–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marušin M. 2003. Geological conditions—factor of origin of two different cave systems in two adjacent valleys (the Demänovská Valley and the Jánska Valley, the Low Tatras, Slovakia). Acta carsol 32(1):121–130.
   Google Scholar
• May E. 2003. Microbes on building stone for good or bad? Culture 24:4–8.
   Google Scholar
• Mehta AP, Torma AE, Murr LE. 1979. Effect of environmental parameters on the efficiency of biodegradation of basalt rock by fungi. Biotechnol Bioeng 21:875–885.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller GT, Spoolman S. 2016. Environmental Science. 15th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, pp292.
   Google Scholar
• Mottershead D, Lucas G. 2000. The role of lichens in inhibiting erosion of a soluble rock. Lichenologist 32:601–609.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukhin VA, Votintseva A. 2002. Basidiospore germination and conidial stages in the life cycles of Fomes fomentarius and Fomitopsis pinicola (Fungi, Polyporales). Polish Bot J 47(2):265–272.
   Google Scholar
• Nahas E. 1996. Factors determining rock phosphate solubilization by microorganisms isolated from soil. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 12:567–572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman DK, Banfield JF. 2002. Geomicrobiology: how molecular-scale interactions underpin biogeochemical systems. Science 700 (5570):1071–1077.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Northup DE, Lavoie KH. 2001. Geomicrobiology of caves: a review. Geomicrobiol J 18(3):199–222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nováková A. 2009. Microscopic fungi isolated from the Domica Cave system (Slovak Karst National Park, Slovakia). A review. Int J Speleol 38(1):71–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogórek R, Lejman A, Matkowski K. 2013. The fungi isolated from the Niedźwiedzia Cave in Kletno (Lower Silesia, Poland). Int J Spel 42(2):161–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogórek R, Lejman A, Pusz W, Miłuch A, Miodyńska P. 2012. Characteristics and taxonomy of Cladosporium fungi. Mikol Lek 19(2):80–85.
   Google Scholar
• Ogórek R, Pusz W, Matkowski K, Pląskowska E. 2014a. Assessment of abundance and species composition of filamentous fungi in the underground Rzeczka complex in Sowie Mountains (Lower Silesia, Poland). Geomicrobiol J 10:900–906.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogórek R, Pusz W, Lejman A, Uklańska-Pusz C. 2014b. Microclimate effects on number and distribution of fungi in the underground complex in the Owl mountains (Góry Sowie), Poland. J Caves Karst Stud 76(2):146–153, doi:10.4311/2013MB0123
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogórek R, Lejman A, Matkowski K. 2014c. Influence of the external environment on airborne fungi isolated from a cave. PJoES 23(2):435–440.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogórek R, Višňovská Z, Tančinová D. 2016a. Mycobiota of underground habitats: case study of Harmanecká Cave in Slovakia. Microb Ecol 71(1):87–99, doi: 10.1007/s00248-015-0686-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogórek R, Dyląg M, Višňovská Z, Tančinová D, Zalewski D. 2016b. Speleomycology of air and rock surfaces in Driny Cave (Lesser Carpathians, Slovakia). J Caves Karst Stud 78(2):119–127, doi: 10.4311/2015MB0128
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogórek R, Dyląg M, Kozak B. 2016c. Dark stains on rock surfaces in Driny Cave (Little Carpathian Mountains, Slovakia). Extremophiles 20(5):641–652, doi: 10.1007/s00792-016-0853-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostry ME, Anderson NA, O'Brien JG. 2011. Field guide to common macrofungi in Eastern forests and their ecosystem functions. U.S. Forest Service, Pennsylvania, PA.
   Google Scholar
• Parkinson SM, Wainwright M, Killham K. 1989. Observations on oligotrophic growth of fungi on silica gel. Mycol Res 93:529–534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pekkanen J, Hyvarinen A, Haverinen-Shaughnessy U, Korppi M, Putus T, Nevalainen A. 2007. Moisurendamage and childhood asthma: a population-based incident case-control study. Eur Respir J 29(3):509–515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piasecki J, Sawiński T, Strug K, Zelnika J. 2006. Selected characteristics of the microclimate of the Demänovská Ice Cave (Slovakia). Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Ice Caves, Demänovská Dolina, Slovakia, pp50–61.
   Google Scholar
• Pitt JI. 1979. The genus Penicillium and its teleomorphic states Eupenicillium and Talaromyces. London: Academic Press Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Poulson TL, White WB. 1969. The cave environment. Science 165(3897):971–981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pusz W, Ogórek R, Knapik R, Kozak B, Bujak H. 2015. The occurrence of fungi in the recently discovered Jarkowicka cave in the Karkonosze Mts. (Poland). Geomicrobiol J 32:59–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pusz W, Ogórek R, Uklańska-Pusz C, Zagożdżon P. 2014. Speleomycological research in underground Osówka complex in Sowie Mountains (Lower Silesia, Poland). Int J Speleol 43(1):27–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapiejko P, Lipiec A, Wojdas A, Jurkiewicz D. 2004. Threshold pollen concentration necessary to evoke allergic symptoms. Int Rev Allergol Clin Immunol 10:91–94.
   Google Scholar
• Rippel-Baldes A. 1955. Grundzüge der Mikrobiologie, 3rd ed. Berlin: Springer, pp418
   Google Scholar
• Sadyś M. 2017. An analysis of the exposure time to very high concentrations of Cladosporium conidia in the air of an urban site. Aerobiologia. doi:10.1007/s10453-017-9472-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sautour M, Rouget A, Dantigny P, Divies C, Bensoussan M. 2004. Application of Doehlert design to determine the combined effects of temperature, water activity and pH on conidial germination of Penicillium chrysogenum. JAM 91:900–906.
   Google Scholar
• Scheerer S, Ortega-Morales O, Gaylarde C. 2009. Microbial deterioration of stone monuments: an updated overview. Adv Appl Microbiol 66:97–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slovak Caves Administration. 2017. Demänovská Ice Cave. Available at http://www.ssj.sk/en/jaskyna/5-demanovska-ice-cave, access: 10.02.2017.
   Google Scholar
• Staley JT, Palmer F, Adams JB. 1982. Microcolonial fungi: common inhabitants on desert rocks. Science 215:1093–1095.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterflinger K. 2000. Fungi as geologic agents. Geomicrobiol J 17:97–124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stępalska D, Harmata K, Kasprzyk I, Myszkowska D, Stach A. 1999. Occurrence of air borne Cladosporium and Alternaria spores in Southern and Central Poland in 1995–1996. Aerobiologia 15:39–47.
   Google Scholar
• Stolwijk JAJ. 1991. Sick-building syndrome. Environ Health Perspect 95:99–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka K, Endo M, Hirayama K, Okane I, Hosoya T, Sato T. 2001. Phylogeny of Discosia and Seimatosporium, and introduction of Adisciso and Immersidiscosia genera nova. Persoonia 26:85–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka H, Koike K, Itakura S, Enoki A. 2009. Degradation of wood and enzyme production by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Enzyme Microb Technol 45:384–390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanderwolf KJ, Malloch D, McAlpine DF, Forbes GJ. 2013. A world review of fungi, yeasts, and slime molds in caves. Int J Speleol 42(1):77–96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visagie CM, Varga J, Houbraken J, Meijer M, Kocsubè S, Yilmaz N, Fotedar R, Seifert KA, Frisvad JC, Samson RA. 2014. Ochratoxin production and taxonomy of the yellow aspergilli (Aspergillus section Circumdati). Stud Mycol 78:1–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wainwright M. 1993. Oligotrophic growth of fungi-stress or natural state? In: Jennings DH, editor. Stress Tolerance of Fungi. New York: Marcel Dekker, Mycology Series, vol. 10, pp127–144.
   Google Scholar
• Wainwright M, Tasnee AA, Barakah F. 1993. A review of the role of oligotrophic microorganisms in biodeterioration. Int Biodeter Biodegr 31:1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. 1983. Indoor Air Pollutants: exposure and health effects. WHO EURO Reports and studies. Copenhagen: World Health Organization. Report No 1983:78.
   Google Scholar
• Woudenberg JHC, Groenewald JZ, Binder M, Crous PW. 2013. Alternaria redefined. Stud Mycol 75:171–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar