Mineralization of the Pharmaceutical β-Blocker Atenolol by Means of Indirect Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Process: Parametric and Kinetic Study

REFERENCES

• Darlymple, O. K.; Yeh, D. H.; Trotz, M. A. (2007) Removing pharmaceuticals and endocrine-disrupting compounds from wastewater by photocatalysis. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechno., 82: 121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khetan, S. K.; Collins, T. J. (2007) Human pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment: a challenge to green chemistry. Chem. Rev., 107: 2319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatzitakis, A.; Berberidou, C.; Paspaltsis, I.; Kyriakou, G.; Sklaviadis, T.; Poulios, I. (2008) Photocatalytic degradation and drug activity reduction of Chloramphenicol. Water Res., 42 (1–2): 386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendez-Arriaga, F.; Esplugas, S.; Gimenez, J. (2008) Photocatalytic degradation of non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs with TiO2 and simulated solar irradiation. Water Res., 42: 585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos, L. H. M. L. M.; Araujo, A. N.; Fachini, A.: A. Pena,; Delerue-Matos, C.; Montenegro, M. C. B. S. M. (2010) Ecotoxicological aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. J. Haz. Mat., 175: 45.
   Google Scholar
• Sanchez, W.; Sremski, W.; Piccini, B.; Palluel, O.; Maillot- Maréchal, E.; Betoulle, S.; Jaffal, A.; Aït-Aïssa, S.; Brion, F.; Thybaud, E.; Hinfray, N.; Porcher, J. M. (2011) Adverse effects in wild fish living downstream from pharmaceutical manufacture discharges. Env. Int., 37: 1342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madden, J. C.; Enoch, S. J.; Hewitt, M.; Cronin, M. T. D. (2009) Pharmaceuticals in the environment: Good practice in predicting acute, ecotoxicological effects. Toxicology Letters, 185: 85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacher, F.; Lange, F. T.; Brauch, H.-J.; Blankenhorn, I. (2001) Pharmaceuticals in groundwaters: Analytical methods and results of a monitoring program in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. J. Chrom. A, 938 (1–2): 199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musolff, A.; Leschik, S.; Möder, M.; Strauch, G.; Reinstorf, F.; Schirmer, M. (2009) Temporal and spatial patterns of micropollutants in urban receiving waters. Env. Pol., 157 (11): 3069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valdes-Abellan, J.; Candela, L.; Jiménez-Martínez, J.; Saval-Pérez, J.M. (2013) Brackish groundwater desalination by reverse osmosis in southeastern Spain: Presence of emerging contaminants and potential impacts on soil-aquifer media. Des.Wat. Treat., 51 (10–12): 2431.
   Google Scholar
• Halling-Sorensen, B.; Nielsen, S. N.; Lanzky, P. F.; Ingerslev, F.; Lutzhoft Holten, H. C.; Jorgensen, S.E. (1998) Occurrence, fate and effects of pharmaceutical substances in the environment: A review. Chemosphere, 36: 357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernando, M. D.; Mezcua, M.; Fernandez-Alba, A. R.; Barcelo, D. (2006) Environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical residues in wastewater effluents, surface waters and sediments. Talanta, 69: 334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alder, A. C.; Schaffnera, C.; Majewskya, M.; Klasmeierb, J.; Fennera, K. (2010) Fate of β-blocker human pharmaceuticals in surface water: Comparison of measured and simulated concentrations in the Glatt Valley Watershed, Switzerland. Wat. Res., 44: 936.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, H.; An, T.; Li, G.; Song, W.; Cooper, W. J.; Luo, H.; Guo, X. (2010) Photocatalytic degradation kinetics and mechanism of environmental pharmaceuticals in aqueous suspension of TiO2: A case of β-blockers. J. Haz. Mat., 179: 834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klavarioti, M.; Mantzavinos, D.; Kassinos, D. (2009) Removal of residual pharmaceuticals from aqueous systems by advanced oxidation processes, Env. Int., 35: 402.
   Google Scholar
• Feng, L.; van Hullebusch, E. D.; Rodrigo, M. A.; Esposito, G.; Oturan, M. A. (2013) Removal of residual anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceuticals from aqueous systems by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes: A review. Chem. Eng. J., 228: 944.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diagne, M.; Oturan, N.; Oturan, M. A. (2007) Removal of methyl parathion from water by electrochemically generated Fenton’s reagent. Chem., 66: 841.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, Y. M.; Lu, H. Q. (2000) Degradation of the dye X-3B by UV/Fe(III)-generated hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, 136: 73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez-Huitle, C. A.; Brillas, E. (2009) Decontamination of wastewaters containing synthetic organic dyes by electrochemical methods: A general review. App. Cat. B: Env., 87: 105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brillas, E.; Sires, I.; Oturan, M. A. (2009) Electro-Fenton process and related electrochemical technologies based on fenton’s reaction chemistry. Chem. Rev., 109: 6570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daneshvar, N., Ashassi Sorkhabi, H., Kasiri, M. B. (2004) Decolorization of dye solution containing Acid Red 14 by electrocoagulation with a comparative investigation of different electrode connections. J. Haz. Mat., 112 (1–2): 55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosales, E.; Pazos, M.; Longo, M. A.; Sanromá (2009) Electro-Fenton decoloration of dyes in a continuous reactor: A promising technology in colored wastewater treatment. Chem. Eng. J., 155: 62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bensadok, K.; El Hanafi, N.; Lapicque, F. (2011) Electrochemical treatment of dairy effluent using combined Al and Ti/P electrodes system. Des., 280: 244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadtochenko, V.: Kiwi, J. (1998) Primary photochemical reactions in the photo-Fenton system with ferric chloride. 1. A case study of xylidine oxidation as a model compound, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32: 3273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maa, X.; Zhoub, M. A comparative study of azo dye decolorization by electro-Fenton in two common electrolytes. J. Chem. Tech. Biotech., 84 (10): 1544.
   Google Scholar
• Fan, Y.; Ai, Z.; Zhang, L. (2010) Design of an electro-Fenton system with a novel sandwich film cathode for wastewater treatment. J. Haz. Mat., 176: 678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei, X.; Maekawa, T. (2007) Electrochemical treatment of anaerobic digestion effluent using a Ti/Pt–IrO2 electrode. Bioresource Tech., 98: 3521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y.; Li, X.; Zhen, L.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, C. (2012) Electro-Fenton treatment of concentrates generated in nanofiltration of biologically pretreated landfill leachate. J. Haz. Mat., 229-230: 115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu, Y. Y.; Qian, Y.; Wang, W.J.; Deng, X.L. (2012) A dual-cathode electro-Fenton oxidation coupled with anodic oxidation system used for 4-nitrophenol degradation J. Haz. Mat., 199 –200: 179.
   Google Scholar
• Lin, S. H.; Shyu, C. T.; Sun, M. C. (1998) Saline wastewater treatment by electrochemical method. Wat. Res., 32 (4): 1059.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimoglo, A.; Akbulut, H.Y.; Cihan, F.; Karpuzcu, M. (2004) Petrochemical wastewater treatment by means of clean electrochemical technologies. Clean Technol. Environ. Policy, 6: 288.
   Google Scholar
• Ozcan, A.; Sahin, Y.; Savas Koparal, A.; Oturan, M. A. (2008) Carbon sponge as a new cathode material for the electro-Fenton process: Comparison with carbon felt cathode and application to degradation of synthetic dye basic blue 3 in aqueous medium. J. Electroanalytical Chem., 616: 71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar