Hexavalent chromium scavenging performances of one-pot synthesized hydrous cerium-copper-mixed oxide from contaminated water with plausible mechanism

References

• Anirudhan, T. S.; Jalajamony, S.; Suchithra, P. S. Improved Performance of a Cellulose-Based Anion Exchanger with Tertiary Amine Functionality for the Adsorption of Chromium(vi) from Aqueous Solutions. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Aspects. 2009, 335(1–3), 107–113. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.10.035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hossini, H.; Shafie, B.; Niri, A. D.; Nazari, M.; Esfahlan, A. J.; Ahmadpour, M.; Nazmara, Z.; Ahmadimanesh, M.; Makhdoumi, P.; Mirzaei, N., et al. A Comprehensive Review on Human Health Effects of Chromium: Insights on Induced Toxicity. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2022, 29(47), 70686–70705. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22705-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, P.; Singh, S. P.; Parakh, S. K.; Tong, Y. W. Health Hazards of Hexavalent Chromium (Cr (VI)) and Its Microbial Reduction. Bioengineered. 2022, 13(3), 4923–4938. DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2037273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clesceri, L. S.; Greenberg, A. E.; Eaton, A. D. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Edition; Washington, D.C.: APHA American Public Health Association, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Alemu, A.; Habtu, N. Assessment of Chromium Contamination in the Surface Water and Soil at the Riparian of Abbay River Caused by the Nearby Industries in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia. Water. Pract. Technol. 2017, 12(1), 72–79. DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2017.012.
   Google Scholar
• Chandra, P.; Sinha, S.; Rai, U. N. Bioremediation of Chromium from Water and Soil by Vascular Aquatic Plants. In Phytoremediation of Soil and Water Contaminants; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society 1997; Vol. 664, pp. 274–282. DOI: 10.1021/bk-1997-0664.ch020.
   Google Scholar
• Xie, Q.; Wang, D.; Han, Z.; Tao, H.; Liu, S. Removal of Carbon and Dioxins from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash by Ball Milling and Flotation Methods. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 2023, 25(1), 62–73. DOI: 10.1007/s10163-022-01514-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pi, S.-Y.; Wang, Y.; Pu, C.; Mao, X.; Liu, G.-L.; Wu, H.-M.; Liu, H. Cr(vi) Reduction Coupled with Cr(iii) Adsorption/Precipitation for Cr(vi) Removal at Near Neutral pHs by Polyaniline Nanowires-Coated Polypropylene Filters. J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 2021, 123, 166–174. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.05.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nabavi, S. R.; Seyednezhad, S. M.; Shakiba, M. Fabrication of Polyamide6/Polyaniline As an Effective Nano-Web Membrane for Removal of Cr (VI) from Water and a Black Box Approach in Modeling of Adsorption Process. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2023, 30(36), 85968–85985. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28566-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammed, A. M.; Thalji, M. R.; Yasin, S. A.; Shim, J.-J.; Chong, K. F.; Guda, A. A.; Ali, G. A. M. Recent Advances in Electrospun Fibrous Membranes for Effective Chromium (VI) Removal from Water. J. Mol. Liq. 2023, 383, 122110. DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.122110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roa, K.; Boulett, A.; Oyarce, E.; Sánchez, J. Removal of Cr(vi) by Ultrafiltration Enhanced by a Cellulose-Based Soluble Polymer. J. Water Process Eng. 2023, 51, 103478. DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.103478.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Z.; Zhang, H.; Ali, E.; Shahab, A.; Huang, H.; Ullah, H.; Zeng, H. Synthesis of Novel Magnetic Activated Carbon for Effective Cr(vi) Removal via Synergistic Adsorption and Chemical Reduction. Environ. Technol. Innov. 2023, 30, 103092. DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2023.103092.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, H.; Yu, L.; Chen, Z.; Xiao, B.; Jin, K. The Characteristics of Adsorption Cr(vi) by Iron-Modified and Iron-Doped Phosphorus-Based Biochar Biochar. Green Chem. Lett. Rev. 2024, 17(1), 2329607. DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2024.2329607.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawat, S.; Misra, N.; Singh, M.; Tiwari, M.; Ghosh, A.; Shelkar, S. A.; Samanta, S.; Goel, N. K.; Kumar, V. Remediation of Cr(vi) Using a Radiation Functionalized Green Adsorbent: Adsorption Modelling, Mechanistic Insights and Prototype Water Purifier Demonstration. J. Water Process Eng. 2024, 60, 105109. DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.105109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, S.; Anil, A. G.; Uppara, B.; Behera, S. K.; Nath, B.; N, P.; Bhati, S.; Singh, J.; Khan, N. A.; Ramamurthy, P. C. Adsorption and DFT Investigations of Cr(vi) Removal Using Nanocrystals Decorated with Graphene Oxide. Npj Clean Water. 2024, 7(1), 1–13. DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00306-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacob, A. P.; Soni, P. Chromium(vi) Removal from Water Using Different Bio-Adsorbents: Comparison and Scope in the Treatment of Local Water Bodies with Economic Analysis. Desalin & Water. Treat. 2024, 318, 100314. DOI: 10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Qodah, Z.; Dweiri, R.; Khader, M.; Al-Sabbagh, S.; Al-Shannag, M.; Qasrawi, S.; Al-Halawani, M. Processing and Characterization of Magnetic Composites of Activated Carbon, Fly Ash, and Beach Sand As Adsorbents for Cr(vi) Removal. Case Stud. Chem. & Environ. Eng. 2023, 7, 100333. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2023.100333.
   Google Scholar
• Recillas, S.; Colón, J.; Casals, E.; González, E.; Puntes, V.; Sánchez, A.; Font, X. Chromium VI Adsorption on Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and Morphology Changes During the Process. J. Hazard. Mater. 2010, 184(1–3), 425–431. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.08.052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam, A.; Angove, M. J.; Morton, D. W.; Pramanik, B. K.; Awual, R. A Mechanistic Approach of Chromium (VI) Adsorption Onto Manganese Oxides and Boehmite. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2020, 8(2), 103515. DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2019.103515.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, C.-Y.; Lo, S.-L.; Liou, Y.-H.; Hsu, Y.-W.; Shih, K.; Lin, C.-J. Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Near Natural Water by Copper–Iron Bimetallic Particles. Water Res. 2010, 44(10), 3101–3108. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.02.037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen, Z.; Ke, J.; Xu, J.; Guo, S.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, R. One-Step Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of Flowerlike Ce/Fe Bimetallic Oxides for Efficient As(v) and Cr(vi) Remediation: Performance and Mechanism. Chem. Eng. J. 2018, 343, 416–426. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.03.034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alizadeh, A.; Abdi, G.; Khodaei, M. M.; Ashokkumar, M.; Amirian, J. Graphene Oxide/Fe 3 O 4/SO 3 H Nanohybrid: A New Adsorbent for Adsorption and Reduction of Cr(vi) from Aqueous Solutions. R.S.C. Adv. 2017, 7(24), 14876–14887. DOI: 10.1039/C7RA01536D.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aravind, M. K.; Kappen, J.; Narayanamoorthi, E.; Sanjaykumar, A.; Varalakshmi, P.; Arockiadoss, T.; John, S. A.; Ashokkumar, B. Bioengineered Magnetic Graphene Oxide Microcomposites for Bioremediation of Chromium in ex situ - a Novel Strategy for Aggrandized Recovery by Electromagnetic Gadgetry. Environ. Pollut. 2022, 308, 119675. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preethi, J.; Meenakshi, S. Fabrication of La 3+ Impregnated Chitosan/β-Cyclodextrin Biopolymeric Materials for Effective Utilization of Chromate and Fluoride Adsorption in Single Systems. J. Chem. Eng, Data. 2018, 63(3), 723–731. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jced.7b00889.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandal, S.; Mahapatra, S. S.; Patel, R. K. Enhanced Removal of Cr(vi) by Cerium Oxide Polyaniline Composite: Optimization and Modeling Approach Using Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Networks. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2015, 3(2), 870–885. DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2015.03.028.
   Google Scholar
• Zou, H.; Zhao, J.; He, F.; Zhong, Z.; Huang, J.; Zheng, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, Y.; Yu, F.; Bashir, M. A., et al. Ball Milling Biochar Iron Oxide Composites for the Removal of Chromium (Cr(vi)) from Water: Performance and Mechanisms. J. Hazard. Mater. 2021, 413, 125252. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao, W.; Zhou, X.; Cai, N.; Chen, Z.; Yang, H.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, X.; Chen, H. Simultaneous Removal of Cadmium, Lead, Chromate by Biochar Modified with Layered Double Hydroxide with Sulfide Intercalation. Bioresour. Technol. 2022, 360, 127630. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh, A.; Pal, M.; Biswas, K.; Ghosh, U. C.; Manna, B. Manganese Oxide Incorporated Ferric Oxide Nanocomposites (MIFN): A Novel Adsorbent for Effective Removal of Cr(vi) from Contaminated Water. J. Water Process Eng. 2015, 7, 176–186. DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2015.06.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh, A.; Basu, T.; Manna, B.; Bhattacharya, S.; Chand Ghosh, U.; Biswas, K. Synthesis of a Nanocomposite Adsorbent with High Adsorptive Potential and Its Application for Abatement of Chromium(vi) from Aqueous Stream. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2015, 3(1), 565–573. DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2015.01.012.
   Google Scholar
• Babić, B. M.; Milonjić, S. K.; Polovina, M. J.; Kaludierović, B. V. Point of Zero Charge and Intrinsic Equilibrium Constants of Activated Carbon Cloth. Carbon. 1999, 37(3), 477–481. DOI: 10.1016/S0008-6223(98)00216-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rath, R. K.; Subramanian, S.; Sivanandam, V.; Pradeep, T. Studies on the Interaction of Guar Gum with Chalcopyrite. Can. Metall. Q. 2001, 40(1), 1–11. DOI: 10.1179/cmq.2001.40.1.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albadarin, A. B.; Yang, Z.; Mangwandi, C.; Glocheux, Y.; Walker, G.; Ahmad, M. N. M. Experimental Design and Batch Experiments for Optimization of Cr(vi) Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Hydrous Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 2014, 92(7), 1354–1362. DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2013.10.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguirre, J. M.; Gutiérrez, A.; Giraldo, O. Simple Route for the Synthesis of Copper Hydroxy Salts. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2011, 22(3), 546–551. DOI: 10.1590/S0103-50532011000300019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahimi-Nasrabadi, M.; Pourmortazavi, S. M.; Davoudi-Dehaghani, A. A.; Hajimirsadeghi, S. S.; Zahedi, M. M. Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Oxalate and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles by Statistically Optimized Controlled Precipitation and Calcination of Precursor. CrystEngcomm. 2013, 15(20), 4077. DOI: 10.1039/c3ce26930b.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakthiraj, K.; Karthikeyan, B. Synthesis and Characterization of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Different Solvents for Electrochemical Applications. Appl. Phys. A. 2020, 126(1), 52. DOI: 10.1007/s00339-019-3227-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devamani, R. H. P.; Alagar, M. Synthesis and Characterisation of Copper II Hydroxide Nano Particles. Nano Biomed Eng. 2013, 5(3), 116–120. DOI: 10.5101/nbe.v5i3.p116-120.
   Google Scholar
• Nilchi, A.; Yaftian, M.; Aboulhasanlo, G.; Rasouli Garmarodi, S. Adsorption of Selected Ions on Hydrous Cerium Oxide. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2009, 279(1), 65–74. DOI: 10.1007/s10967-007-7255-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teterin Yu, A.; Lebedev, A. M.; Utkin, I. O. The XPS Spectra of Cerium Compounds Containing Oxygen. J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 1998, 88–91, 275–279. DOI: 10.1016/S0368-2048(97)00139-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X.; Cao, J.; Zhang, W. Stoichiometry of Cr(vi) Immobilization Using Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron (nZVI): A Study with High-Resolution X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HR-XPS). Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2008, 47(7), 2131–2139. DOI: 10.1021/ie061655x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdhury, S. R.; Yanful, E. K.; Pratt, A. R. Chemical States in XPS and Raman Analysis During Removal of Cr(vi) from Contaminated Water by Mixed Maghemite–Magnetite Nanoparticles. J. Hazard. Mater. 2012, 235–236, 246–256. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.07.054.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thommes, M.; Kaneko, K.; Neimark, A. V.; Olivier, J. P.; Rodriguez-Reinoso, F.; Rouquerol, J.; Sing, K. S. W. Physisorption of Gases, with Special Reference to the Evaluation of Surface Area and Pore Size Distribution (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. 2015, 87(9–10), 1051–1069. DOI: 10.1515/pac-2014-1117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Y.; Cha, L.; Fan, Y.; Fang, P.; Ming, Z.; Sha, H. Activated Biochar Prepared by Pomelo Peel Using H3PO4 for the Adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium: Performance and Mechanism. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2017, 228(10), 405. DOI: 10.1007/s11270-017-3587-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, K.; Lee, S.; Park, J. O.; Park, J.-A.; Cho, S.-H.; Lee, S. Y.; Lee, J. H.; Choi, J.-W. Chromium Removal from Aqueous Solution by a PEI-Silica Nanocomposite. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8(1), 1438. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20017-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klumpen, C.; Breunig, M.; Homburg, T.; Stock, N.; Senker, J. Microporous Organic Polyimides for CO 2 and H 2 O Capture and Separation from CH 4 and N 2 Mixtures: Interplay Between Porosity and Chemical Function. Chem. Mater. 2016, 28(15), 5461–5470. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b01949.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You, T.; Niwa, O.; Tomita, M.; Ando, H.; Suzuki, M.; Hirono, S. Characterization and Electrochemical Properties of Highly Dispersed Copper Oxide/Hydroxide Nanoparticles in Graphite-Like Carbon Films Prepared by RF Sputtering Method. Electrochem. Commun. 2002, 4(5), 468–471. DOI: 10.1016/S1388-2481(02)00340-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szabó, M.; Kalmár, J.; Ditrói, T.; Bellér, G.; Lente, G.; Simic, N.; Fábián, I. Equilibria and Kinetics of Chromium(vi) Speciation in Aqueous Solution – a Comprehensive Study from pH 2 to 11. Inorganica. Chimica. Acta. 2018, 472, 295–301. DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.05.038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues, L. A.; Maschio, L. J.; da Silva, R. E.; da Silva, M. L. C. P. Adsorption of Cr(vi) from Aqueous Solution by Hydrous Zirconium Oxide. J. Hazard. Mater. 2010, 173(1–3), 630–636. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badruddoza, A. Z.; Shawon, Z. B. Z.; Rahman, T.; Hao, K. W.; Hidajat, K.; Uddin, M. S. Ionically Modified Magnetic Nanomaterials for Arsenic and Chromium Removal from Water. Chem. Eng. J. 2013, 225, 607–615. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2013.03.114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, C.; Tian, Z.; Yang, B.; Zhang, L.; Yan, S. Manganese Dioxide/Iron Oxide/Acid Oxidized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Magnetic Nanocomposite for Enhanced Hexavalent Chromium Removal. Chem. Eng. J. 2013, 234, 256–265. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2013.08.084.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, L.; Fan, L.; Sun, M.; Qiu, H.; Li, X.; Duan, H.; Luo, C. Adsorbent for Chromium Removal Based on Graphene Oxide Functionalized with Magnetic Cyclodextrin–Chitosan. Colloids And Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2013, 107, 76–83. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.01.074.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeraatkar Moghaddam, A.; Esmaeilkhanian, E.; Shakourian-Fard, M. Immobilizing Magnetic Glutaraldehyde Cross-Linked Chitosan on Graphene Oxide and Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Oxide As Well-Dispersible Adsorbents for Chromate Removal from Aqueous Solutions. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019, 128, 61–73. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canzano, S.; Iovino, P.; Salvestrini, S.; Capasso, S. Comment on “Removal of Anionic Dye Congo Red from Aqueous Solution by Raw Pine and Acid-Treated Pine Cone Powder As Adsorbent: Equilibrium, Thermodynamic, Kinetics, Mechanism and Process Design. Water Res. 2012, 46(13), 4314–4315. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.05.040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballav, N.; Maity, A.; Mishra, S. B. High Efficient Removal of Chromium(vi) Using Glycine Doped Polypyrrole Adsorbent from Aqueous Solution. Chem. Eng. J. 2012, 198–199, 536–546. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2012.05.110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, L.-H.; Sun, Q.; Yang, C.; Lu, A.-H. Synthesis of Magnetic Hollow Carbon Nanospheres with Superior Microporosity for Efficient Adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium Ions. Sci. China Mater. 2015, 58(8), 611–620. DOI: 10.1007/s40843-015-0076-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, D.; Zhang, G. Efficient Removal of Fluoride by Hierarchical Ce–Fe Bimetal Oxides Adsorbent: Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Mechanism. Chem. Eng. J. 2016, 283, 721–729. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.08.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Nguyen, N.; Lee, J.; Jeong, J.; Pandey, B. D. Enhancing the Adsorption of Chromium(vi) from the Acidic Chloride Media Using Solvent Impregnated Resin (SIR). Chem. Eng. J. 2013, 219, 174–182. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2012.12.091.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber, W. J.; Morris, J. C. Kinetics of Adsorption on Carbon from Solution. J. Sanit. Eng. Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 1963, 89(1), 31–60. DOI: 10.1061/JSEDAI.0000430.
   Google Scholar
• Polowczyk, I.; Urbano, B. F.; Rivas, B. L.; Bryjak, M.; Kabay, N. Equilibrium and Kinetic Study of Chromium Sorption on Resins with Quaternary Ammonium and N-Methyl- D -Glucamine Groups. Chem. Eng. J. 2016, 284, 395–404. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.09.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saikia, J.; Saha, B.; Das, G. Efficient Removal of Chromate and Arsenate from Individual and Mixed System by Malachite Nanoparticles. J. Hazard. Mater. 2011, 186(1), 575–582. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukhopadhyay, K.; Naskar, A.; Ghosh, U. C.; Sasikumar, P. One-Pot Synthesis of β-Cyclodextrin Amended Mesoporous Cerium(iv) Incorporated Ferric Oxide Surface Towards the Evaluation of Fluoride Removal Efficiency from Contaminated Water for Point of Use. J. Hazard. Mater. 2020, 384, 121235. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosal, P. S.; Gupta, A. K. An Insight into Thermodynamics of Adsorptive Removal of Fluoride by Calcined Ca–Al–(NO 3) Layered Double Hydroxide. R.S.C. Adv. 2015, 5(128), 105889–105900. DOI: 10.1039/C5RA20538G.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duranoğlu, D.; Trochimczuk, A. W.; Beker, U. Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Hexavalent Chromium Adsorption Onto Activated Carbon Derived from Acrylonitrile-Divinylbenzene Copolymer. Chem. Eng. J. 2012, 187, 193–202. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2012.01.120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AL-Othman, Z. A.; Ali, R.; Naushad, M. Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Aqueous Medium by Activated Carbon Prepared from Peanut Shell: Adsorption Kinetics, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Studies. Chem. Eng. J. 2012, 184, 238–247. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2012.01.048.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avila, M.; Burks, T.; Akhtar, F.; Göthelid, M.; Lansåker, P. C.; Toprak, M. S.; Muhammed, M.; Uheida, A. Surface Functionalized Nanofibers for the Removal of Chromium(vi) from Aqueous Solutions. Chem. Eng. J. 2014, 245, 201–209. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2014.02.034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh, U. C.; Dasgupta, M.; Debnath, S.; Bhat, S. C. Studies on Management of Chromium(vi) – Contaminated Industrial Waste Effluent Using Hydrous Titanium Oxide (HTO). Water Air Soil Pollut. 2003, 143(1), 245–256. DOI: 10.1023/A:1022814401404.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goswami, S.; Bhat, S. C.; Ghosh, U. C. Crystalline Hydrous Ferric Oxide: An Adsorbent for Chromium(vi)-Contaminated Industrial Wastewater Treatment. Water Environ. Res. 2006, 78(9), 986–993. DOI: 10.2175/106143005X73604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goswami, S.; Ghosh, U. C. Studies on Adsorption Behaviour of Cr(vi) Onto Synthetic Hydrous Stannic Oxide. WSA. 2006, 31(4), 597–602. DOI: 10.4314/wsa.v31i4.5150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, H.; Ai, Z.; Zhang, L. Nonaqueous Sol−gel Synthesized Hierarchical CeO 2 Nanocrystal Microspheres as Novel Adsorbents for Wastewater Treatment. J. Phys. Chem. C. 2009, 113(38), 16625–16630. DOI: 10.1021/jp9050269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J.-H.; Kim, J.-H.; Bokare, V.; Kim, E.-J.; Chang, Y.-Y.; Chang, Y.-S. Enhanced Removal of Chromate from Aqueous Solution by Sequential Adsorption–Reduction on Mesoporous Iron–Iron Oxide Nanocomposites. J Nanopart Res. 2012, 14(8), 1010. DOI: 10.1007/s11051-012-1010-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weilong, W.; Xiaobo, F. Efficient Removal of Cr(vi) with Fe/Mn Mixed Metal Oxide Nanocomposites Synthesized by a Grinding Method. J. Nanomater. 2013, 2013, 1–8. DOI: 10.1155/2013/514917.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dey, S.; Bhattacharjee, S.; Chaudhuri, M. G.; Bose, R. S.; Halder, S.; Ghosh, C. K. Synthesis of Pure Nickel(iii) Oxide Nanoparticles at Room Temperature for Cr(vi) Ion Removal. R.S.C. Adv. 2015, 5(67), 54717–54726. DOI: 10.1039/C5RA05810D.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisht, G.; Neupane, S.; Makaju, R. Supercritical CO 2 Assisted Synthesis of EDTA-Fe 3 O 4 Nanocomposite with High Adsorption Capacity for Hexavalent Chromium. J. Nanomater. 2016, 2016, 1–10. DOI: 10.1155/2016/2192647.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, R.; Barakat, M. A.; Alseroury, F. A. Oxidized G-C3N4/Polyaniline Nanofiber Composite for the Selective Removal of Hexavalent Chromium. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7(1), 12850. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12850-1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang, R.; Ma, H.; Wang, B. Removal of Chromium(vi) from Aqueous Solutions Using Polyaniline Doped with Sulfuric Acid. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2010, 49(20), 9998–10004. DOI: 10.1021/ie1008794.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKay, G.; Poots, V. J. P. Kinetics and Diffusion Processes in Colour Removal from Effluent Using Wood As an Adsorbent. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2007, 30(1), 279–292. DOI: 10.1002/jctb.503300134.
   Google Scholar
• Nogueira, A. E.; Giroto, A. S.; Neto, A. B. S.; Ribeiro, C. CuO Synthesized by Solvothermal Method As a High Capacity Adsorbent for Hexavalent Chromium. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 2016, 498, 161–167. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.03.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, S. U.; Zaidi, R.; Hassan, S. Z.; Farooqi, I. H.; Azam, A. Application of Fe-Cu Binary Oxide Nanoparticles for the Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solution. Water Sci. Technol. 2016, 74(1), 165–175. DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, V. K.; Chandra, R.; Tyagi, I.; Verma, M. Removal of Hexavalent Chromium Ions Using CuO Nanoparticles for Water Purification Applications. J. Coll. Interf. Sci. 2016, 478, 54–62. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.05.064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preethi, J.; Prabhu, S. M.; Meenakshi, S. Effective Adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium Using Biopolymer Assisted Oxyhydroxide Materials from Aqueous Solution. React. Funct. Polym. 2017, 117, 16–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.05.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, S. U.; Zaidi, R.; Hassan, S. Z.; Farooqi, I. H.; Azam, A. Application of Fe-Cu Binary Oxide Nanoparticles for the Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solution. Water Sci. Technol. 2016, 74(1), 165–175. DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, V. K.; Chandra, R.; Tyagi, I.; Verma, M. Removal of Hexavalent Chromium Ions Using CuO Nanoparticles for Water Purification Applications. J. Coll. Interf. Sci. 2016, 478, 54–62. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.05.064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preethi, J.; Prabhu, S. M.; Meenakshi, S. Effective Adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium Using Biopolymer Assisted Oxyhydroxide Materials from Aqueous Solution. React. Funct. Polym. 2017, 117, 16–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.05.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar