References
- Adekanmbi , G. , and M. Modise . 2000 . The state of adult continuing education in Botswana . In The state of adult continuing education in Africa , S. Indambawa , ( 65 – 93 ). Windhoek : Department of Adult and Non-Formal Education, University of Namibia .
- Archer , D. and Newman , K. 2003 . Communication and power: Reflect practical resource materials , London : Action Aid .
- Bandary , M.S. 2005 . Meeting the challenges: The development of quality assurance in Oman's colleges of education . Journal of Higher Education , 50 : 181 – 195 .
- Bank of Botswana . 2006 . Bank of Botswana annual report . Gaborone : Bank of Botswana .
- Bank of Botswana . 2007 . Bank of Botswana annual report . Gaborone : Bank of Botswana .
- Botswana College of Open and Distance Learning (BOCODOL) . 2007 . Botswana College of Open and Distance Learning . Gaborone : BOCODOL .
- Centre for Continuing Education . 2000 . Annual report 1999/2000 . Gaborone : University of Botswana .
- Chilisa , B. , Maruatona , T. , Nenty , J. and Tsheko , N. 2005 . Report on the second national survey on literacy in Botswana. Report submitted to the Central Statistics Office and Department of Non Formal Education , Gaborone : Minister of Education .
- Crowther , J. , V. Galloway and I. Martin 2005 . Popular education, engaging the academy: International perspectives . England : NIACE
- Cruikshank , J. 1998 . Are we aiding the enemy? Adult education in the global economy . Canadian Journal of University Continuing Education 24 , no. 1 : 101 – 113 .
- Department of Out of School Education and Training . 2007 . Annual reports 1997–2007 . Gaborone : Ministry of Education .
- Dymock , D. 2007 . “ Exploring learning in a small rural community ” . In The pedagogy of lifelong learning: Understanding effective teaching and learning in diverse contexts , Edited by: Osborne , M. , Houston , M. and Toman , N. 90 – 101 . London : Routledge .
- Egbo , B. 2000 . Gender literacy ands life chances in Sub-Saharan Africa , Toronto : Multicultural Matters .
- Feidrich , M. , and A. Jellema . 2003 . Literacy gender and social agency, adventures in empowerment: A research report for Action Aid . London: Action Aid .
- Freire , P. 1990 . Pedagogy of the oppressed , New York : Continuum Publishing .
- Good , K. 2008 . Diamonds dispossession and democracy in Botswana , Oxford : James Currey .
- Habermas , J. 2001 . Between facts and norms, contributions to a discourse theory: Theory of law and democracy , Cambridge MA : MIT Press .
- Harcourt , W. 1994 . Negotiating positions in sustainable development debate: Situating the feminist perspective . In Feminist perspectives on sustainable development , W. Harcourt , 11–26. London : Zed Books .
- Harcourt , W. and Escobar , A. 2005 . Women and the politics of place , London : Kumarian, Press .
- Jarvis , P. 2001 . The age of learning: Education and the knowledge society . London: Kogan Page.
- Keegh , H. 2003 . “ Learning for citizenship in Ireland. The role of adult education ” . In Citizenship, Democracy and Lifelong Learning , Edited by: Mendel-Añonuevo , C. and Mitchell , G. 1 – 42 . Paris : UNESCO .
- Lekoko , R.N. 2002 . An appraisal of Botswana extension agents work and training experiences: Towards enhanced service coordination. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Pennsylvania State University .
- Limi , A. 2006 . Did Botswana escape the resource curse . IMF working paper, Washington, June .
- Markku , V. and Tero , J. 2006 . The young outsiders the later life course of ‘drop out youths’ . International Journal of Lifelong Education , 25 ( 2 ) : 173 – 184 .
- Maruatona , T.L. 2002 . A critique of centralized literacy programs: The case of Botswana . Journal of Adolescent & Adult literacy , 45 ( 8 ) : 736 – 745 .
- Maruatona , T.L. 2004 . State hegemony and the planning and implementation of literacy education in Botswana . International Journal of Educational Development , 24 : 53 – 65 .
- McCaffery , J. , Merrifield , J. and Millican , J. 2007 . Developing adult literacy: Approaches to planning, implementing and delivering literacy initiatives , Great Britain : Oxfam GB .
- Ministry of Education . 1993 . Report of the Revised National Policy on Education . Gaborone : Government Printer .
- Ministry of Education . 1994 . Revised National Policy on Education . Gaborone : Government Printer .
- Ministry of Finance and Development Planning . 1997 . National Development Plan VIII 1997/98-2002/03 . Gaborone : Government Printer .
- Ministry of Finance and Development Planning . 2003 . National Development Plan IX 2003/04-2008/09 . Gaborone : Government Printer .
- Mpofu , S. and Youngman , F. 2001 . The dominant tradition in adult literacy: A comparative study of national literacy programs in Botswana and Zimbabwe . International Review of Education , 47 ( 6 ) : 573 – 595 .
- Oduaran , A., T. , Maruatona , R. , Lekoko , M. and Gboku , M. 2008 . The development and state of the art of adult learning and education, 1997–2008. CONFINTEA VI country report prepared on behalf of the Government of Botswana , Gaborone : Ministry of Education .
- Preece , J. 2001 . “ Implications for including the socially excluded in the learning age ” . In The age of learning: Education and the knowledge society , Edited by: Jarvis , P. 171 – 184 . London Kogan Page .
- Presidential Task Group . 1997 . Vision 2016. Towards prosperity for all . Gaborone : Presidential Task Group .
- Republic of Botswana . 1977 . Report of the National Commission on Education . Gaborone : Government Printer
- Robertson , J. 2004 . The role of money and finance: Changing a central part of the problem into a central part of the solution . Foresight , 6 ( 1 ) : 31 – 37 .
- Silue , S. 2003 . “ The role of national language in promoting democracy in Africa ” . In Citizenship, democracy and lifelong learning , Edited by: Mendel-Añonuevo , C. and Mitchell , G. 43 – 69 . Paris : UNESCO .
- Tabulawa , R. 2009 . Education reform in Botswana: Reflections on policy contradictions and paradoxes . Journal of Comparative Education , 45 ( 1 ) : 87 – 107 .
- Torres , M. 2003 . Life long learning in the south: Critical issues and opportunities for adult education , Stockholm : Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency .
- United Nations . 1987 . Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development. http://www.un-documents.net/wced-ocf.htm (accessed September 14, 2009) .
- United Nations Development Program . 2005 . Botswana human development report 2005 . Gaborone : United Nations Development Program .
- UNESCO . 2006 . Global monitoring report . Paris : UNESCO .
- UNESCO . 2007 . Global monitoring report . Paris : UNESCO .
- UNESCO . 2008 . Global monitoring report . Paris : UNESCO .
- Walters , S. 2001 . “ Adult education in lifelong learning in Southern Africa ” . In Learning for democratic citizenship , Edited by: Korsgaard , O. , Walters , S. and Andersen , R. 182 – 202 . Copenhagen : Association for World Education and the Danish University of Education .
- Wheelahan , L. 2007 . “ What are the implications of an uncertain future for pedagogy, curriculum and qualifications ” . In The pedagogy of lifelong learning: Understanding effective teaching and learning in diverse contexts , Edited by: Osborne , M. , Houston , M. and Toman , N. 143 – 153 . London : Routledge .
- World Bank . 2009 . Doing business survey . Washington : World Bank .
- Youngman , F. 2000a . “ The state adult literacy policy and inequality in Botswana ” . In Quality and equality in third world education , Edited by: Welch , A.R. 251 – 278 . New York : Garland .
- Youngman , F. 2002a . An overview of adult basic and literacy education in Botswana. Paper presented at the Centre for Adult Education, University of Natal Pietermaritzburg, December 3–6 .
- Youngman , F. 2000b . The political economy of adult education and development , New York : Zed Books .