- Artzt , A. F. and Armour-Thomas , E. 1992 . Development of a cognitive-metacognitive framework for protocol analysis of mathematical problem solving in small groups . Cognition and Instruction , 9 (2) : 137 – 175 .
- Baker , M. , Hansen , T. , Joiner , R. and Traum , D. 1999 . “ The role of grounding in collaborative learning tasks ” . In Collaborative learning: Cognitive and computational approaches , Edited by: Dillenbourg , P. 31 – 63 . Oxford : Elsevier Science .
- Barrows , H. S. and Tamblyn , R. M. 1980 . Problem-based learning: An approach to medical education , New York : Springer .
- Boos , M. , Scharpf , U. and Fisch , R. 1991 . Eine Methode zur Analyse von Interaktionsprozessen beim Problemlösen und Entscheiden in Sitzungen [A method for the analysis of interactive processes in problem solving and decision making in group sessions] . Zeitschrift fuer Arbeits und Organisationspsychologie , 35 (3) : 115 – 121 .
- Brown , A. L. and Palincsar , A. S. 1989 . “ Guided, cooperative learning and individual knowledge acquisition ” . In Knowing, learning and instruction: Essays in honor of Robert Glaser , Edited by: Resnick , L. B. 393 – 451 . Hillsdale : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
- Chi , M. T. H. , Bassok , M. , Lewis , M. W. , Reinman , P. and Glaser , R. 1989 . 'Self-explanations: How students study and use examples in learning to solve problems . Cognitive Science , 13 : 145 – 182 .
- Dillenbourg , P. 1999 . “ What do you mean by "collaborative learning"? ” . In Collaborative learning: Cognitive and computational approaches , Edited by: Dillenbourg , P. 1 – 19 . Oxford : Elsevier Science .
- Duffy , T. M. and Cunningham , D. J. 1996 . “ Constructivism: Implications for the design and delivery of instruction ” . In Educational communications and technology , Edited by: Jonassen , D. H. 170 – 199 . London : Prentice Hall .
- Fairclough , N. 1995 . “ Discourse and text: Linguistic and intertextual analysis within discourse analysis ” . In Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language , Edited by: Fairclough , N. 183 – 213 . New York : Addison Wesley Longman .
- Garrison , J. W. 1994 . Realism, Deweyan pragmatism and educational research . Educational Researcher , 23 : 5 – 14 .
- Gunawardena , C. N. , Lowe , C. A. and Anderson , T. 1997 . Analysis of a global online debate and the development of an interaction analysis model for examining social construction of knowledge in computer conferencing . Journal of Educational Computing Research , 17 (4) : 397 – 431 .
- Howe , C. , Tolmie , A. , Greer , K. and Mackenzie , M. 1995 . Peer collaboration and conceptual growth in physics: Task influences on children's understanding of heating and cooling . Cognition and Instruction , 13 (4) : 483 – 503 .
- Koschmann , T. 1996 . “ Paradigm shifts and instructional technology: An introduction ” . In CSCL: Theory and practice of an emerging paradigm , Edited by: Koschmann , T. 1 – 23 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
- Koschmann , T. D. , Myers , A. C. , Feltovich , P. J. and Barrows , H. S. 1993 . Using technology to assist in realizing effective learning and instruction: A principled approach to the use of computers in collaborative learning . Journal of the Learning Sciences , 3 (3) : 227 – 264 .
- Kumpulainen , K. and Mutanen , M. 1999 . The situated dynamics of peer group interaction: An introduction to an analytic framework . Learning and Instruction , 9 (5) : 449 – 473 .
- Newman , D. R. , Webb , B. and Cochrane , C. 1995 . A content analysis method to measure critical thinking in face-to-face and computer supported group learning Retrieved May 16, 2000, from http://www.helsinki.fi/science/optek/1995/n2/newman.txt
- Ronteltap , C. F. M. and Eurelings , A. M. C. 1996 . User requirement analysis of POLARIS , Maastricht : University of Maastricht .
- Scardamalia , M. and Bereiter , C. 1993 . Computer support for knowledge-building communities . Journal of the Learning Sciences , 3 (3) : 265 – 283 .
- Schmidt , H. G. 1993 . Problem-based learning: An introduction . Instructional Science , 22 (4) : 247 – 250 .
- Shute , V. J. and Psotka , J. 1996 . “ Intelligent tutoring systems: past, present and future ” . In Educational communications and technology , Edited by: Jonassen , D. H. 570 – 601 . London : Prentice Hall .
- Spivey , N. N. 1997 . The constructivist metaphor: Reading, writing, and the making of meaning , San Diego : Academic Press .
- Wertsch , J. V. 1998 . Mind as action , New York : Oxford University Press .
- Williams , S. M. 1992 . Putting case-based instruction into context: Examples from legal and medical education . Journal of the Learning Sciences , 2 (4) : 367 – 427 .
Activity and Interaction of Students in an Electronic Learning Environment for Problem-Based Learning
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.