1,745
Views
36
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Influence of academic self-regulation, critical thinking, and age on online graduate students’ academic help-seeking

, &
Pages 75-89 | Received 19 Mar 2013, Accepted 04 Jan 2014, Published online: 27 Mar 2014

References

  • Abrami, P. C., Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Wade, A., Surkes, M. A., Tamim, R., & Zhang, D. (2008). Instructional interventions affecting critical thinking skills an dispositions: A stage 1 meta-analysis. Education and Educational Research, 78, 1102–1134. doi:10.3102/0034654308326084
  • Artino, A. R. (2008). Practical guidelines for online instructors. TechTrends, 52, 37–46. doi:10.1007/s11528-008-0153-x
  • Arum, R., & Roksa, J. (2011). Academically adrift: Limited learning on college campuses. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Azevedo, R., & Hadwin, A. F. (2005). Scaffolding self-regulated learning and metacognition – Implications for the design of computer-based scaffolds. Instructional Science, 33, 367–379. doi:10.1007/s11251-005-1272-9
  • Barnard, L., Paton, V., & Lan, W. (2008). Online self-regulatory learning behaviors as a mediator in the relationship between online course perceptions with achievement. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 9(2), 1–11. Retrieved from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/index
  • Baumeister, R. F., & Heatherton, T. F. (1996). Self-regulation failure: An overview. Psychological Inquiry, 7, 1–15. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0701_1
  • Bensley, A. D. (2010). A brief guide for teaching and assessing critical thinking in psychology. Observer, 23, 49–53. Retrieved from http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications/observer/latest-issue
  • Brace, N., Kemp, R., & Sneglar, R. (2006). SPSS for psychologists: A guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows (versions 12 and 13). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Brownlee, S., Leventhal, H., & Leventhal, E. A. (2000). Regulation, self-regulation, and construction of the self in the maintenance of physical health. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 369–416). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Butler, D. L. (2002). Individualizing instruction in self-regulated learning. Theory into Practice, 41, 81–92. doi:10.1207/s15430421tip4102_4
  • Cho, M. (2004, October). The effects of design strategies for promoting students’ self-regulated learning skills on students’ self-regulation and achievement in online learning environments. Paper presented at the 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Chicago, IL.
  • Cleary, T. J., & Zimmerman, B. J. (2004). Self-regulation empowerment program: A school-based program to enhance self-regulated and self-motivated cycles of student learning. Psychology in the Schools, 41, 537–550. doi:10.1002/pits.10177
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Council of Graduate Schools. (2009). Data sources: Nontraditional students in graduate education. CGS Communicator, 24, 6–7. Retrieved from http://www.cgsnet.org/ckfinder/userfiles/files/DataSources_2009_12.pdf
  • Davies, W. M. (2006). An ‘infusion’ approach to critical thinking: Moore on the critical thinking debate. Higher Education Research & Development, 25, 179–193. doi:10.1080/07294360600610420
  • Dixon, P. (1996). Virtual college. Princeton, NJ: Peterson’s.
  • Dunn, K. E., Lo, W., Mulvenon, S. W., & Sutcliffe, R. (2012). Revisiting the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire: A theoretical and statistical reevaluation of the metacognitive self-regulation and effort regulation subscales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 72, 312–331. doi:10.1177/0013164411413461
  • Ennis, R. H. (1991). Critical thinking. Teaching Philosophy, 14, 5–24. doi:10.5840/teachphil19911412
  • Herman, C. P. (1996). Thoughts of a veteran of self-regulation failure. Psychological Inquiry, 7, 46–50. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0701_8
  • Ingle, C. O. (2007). Predictors of critical thinking ability among college students (University of Kentucky, PhD, 2007). Dissertation Abstracts International, 68, 1813A (Accession No. AAI3263681).
  • Karabenick S. A. (1988, August). Varieties of help-seeking as a learning strategy and the role of self-esteem threat. Paper presented at the 96th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Atlanta, GA.
  • Karabenick, S. A. (2004). Perceived achievement goal structure and college student help seeking. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96, 569–581. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.96.3.569
  • Karabenick, S. A., & Knapp, J. R. (1991). Relationship of academic help seeking to the use of learning strategies and other instrumental achievement behavior in college students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83, 221–230. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.83.2.221
  • Karabenick, S. A., & Newman, R. S. (Eds.). (2006). Help seeking in academic settings: Goals, groups, and contexts. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Kitsantas, A., & Chow, A. (2007). College students perceived threat and preference for seeking help in traditional, distributed, and distance learning environments. Computers & Education, 48, 383–395. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2005.01.008
  • Kozanitis, A., Desbiens, J., & Chouinard, R. (2007). Perception of teacher support and reaction toward questioning: Its relation to instrumental help-seeking and motivation to learn. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 19, 238–250. Retrieved from http://www.isetl.org/ijtlhe/index.cfm
  • Lee, C. J. (2007). Academic help seeking: Theory and strategies for nursing faculty. Journal of Nursing Education, 46, 468–475. Retrieved from http://www.healio.com/nursing/journals/jne
  • Maehr, M. L., & Zusho, A. (2009). Achievement goal theory: The past, present, and future. In K. Wentzel & A. Wigfield (Eds.), Handbook of motivation in school (pp. 77–104). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Mason, R., & Weller, M. (2000). Factors affecting students’ satisfaction on a web course. Australian Journal of Educational Technology, 16, 173–200. Retrieved from http://www.ascilite.org.au/ajet/ajet16/mason.html
  • McDade, S. A. (1995). Case study pedagogy to advance critical thinking. Teaching of Psychology, 22, 9–10. doi:10.1207/s15328023top2201_3
  • McInnerney, J. M., & Roberts, T. S. (2004). Online learning: Social interaction and the creation of a sense of community. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 7, 73–81. Retrieved from http://www.ifets.info/
  • Moran, M. (2003). The British regulatory state. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Nadler, A. (1991). Help seeking behavior: Psychological costs and instrumental benefits. In M. S. Clark (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology: Vol. 12. Prosocial behavior (pp. 290–311). Newberry Park, CA: Sage.
  • Nelson-Le Gall, S. (1985). Help seeking behavior in learning. In E. W. Gordon (Ed.), Review of research in education (Vol. 12, pp. 55–90). Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.
  • Newman, R. S. (1994). Adaptive help seeking: A strategy of self-regulated learning. In D. Schunk & B. Zimmerman (Eds.), Self-regulation of learning and performance: Issues and educational applications (pp. 283–301). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Noddings, N. (2008). Schooling for democracy. Phi Delta Kappan, 90, 34–37. Retrieved from http://www.kappanmagazine.org/
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Ormond, J. (2008). Human learning (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
  • Pardue, K. T., & Morgan, P. (2008). Millennials considered: A new generation, new approaches, and implications for nursing education. Nursing Education Perspectives, 29, 74–79. doi:10.1043/1094-2831(2008)29[74:MCANGN]2.0.CO;2
  • Perrine, R. M., & Lisle, J. (1995). Effects of a syllabus offer of help, student age, and class size on college students’ willingness to seek support from faculty. The Journal of Experimental Education, 64, 41–52. doi:10.1080/00220973.1995.9943794
  • Petrides, L. A. (2002). Web-based technologies for distributed (or distance) learning: Creating learning-centered educational experiences in the higher education classroom. International Journal of Instructional Media, 29, 69–77.
  • Pintrich, P. R., & Smith, D. A. F. (1993). Reliability and predictive validity of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ). Educational and Psychological Measurement, 53, 801–813.
  • Pintrich, P. R., Smith, D. A. F., Garcia, T., & McKeachie, W. (1991). A manual for the use of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ). Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan.
  • Rakes, G. C., Dunn, K. E., & Behrend, B. N. (2011, April). Can you help me? Self-regulation, age, and help-seeking in online graduate students. Poster session presented at the American Educational Research Association Conference, New Orleans, LA.
  • Rakes, G. C., Rakes, T. A., & Dunn, K. E. (2011, March). Motivation and procrastination in online courses for teacher educators. Paper presented at the Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education Conference, Nashville, TN.
  • Renes, S. L., & Strange, A. T. (2011). Using technology to enhance higher education. Innovative Higher Education, 36, 203–213.
  • Roll, I., Aleven, V., McLaren, B. M., & Koedinger, K. R. (2007). Designing for metacognition – Applying cognitive tutor principles to the tutoring of help seeking. Metacognition and Learning, 2, 125–140. doi:10.1007/s11409-007-9010-0
  • Roll, I., Aleven, V., McLaren, B. M., & Koedinger, K. R. (2011). Improving students’ help-seeking skills using metacognitive feedback in an intelligent tutoring system. Learning and Instruction, 21, 267–280. doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2010.07.004
  • Ryan, A. M., Gheen, M. H., & Midgley, C. (1998). Why do some students avoid asking for help? An examination of the interplay among students’ academic efficacy, teachers’ social-emotional role, and the classroom goal structure. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90, 525–538. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.90.3.528
  • Ryan, A. M., & Pintrich, P. R. (1998). Achievement and social motivational influences. In S. A. Karabenick (Ed.), Strategic help seeking: Implications for learning and teaching (pp. 117–140). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Shoemaker, P. J. (1993). Critical thinking for mass communication students. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 10, 99–111. doi:10.1080/15295039309366850
  • van Tryon, P. J. S., & Bishop, M. J. (2009). Theoretical foundations for enhancing social connectedness in online learning environments. Distance Education, 30, 291–315. doi:10.1080/01587910903236312
  • Snyder, T. D., Dillow, S. A., & Hoffman, C. M. (2009). Chapter 3: Postsecondary education. Digest of Education Statistics, 2008(NCES 2009-020). (pp. 269–526). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2009/2009020.pdf
  • Song, L., Singleton, E. S., Hill, J., & Koh, M. H. (2004). Improving online learning: Student perceptions of useful and challenging characteristics. The Internet and Higher Education, 7, 59–70. doi:16/j.iheduc.2003.11.003
  • Sperling, R. A., DuBois, N., Howard, B. C., & Staley, R. (2004). Metacognition and self-regulated learning constructs. Educational Research and Evaluation, 10, 117–139. doi:10.1076/edre.10.2.117.27905
  • Stefanou, C. R., & Salisbury‐Glennon, J. D. (2002). Developing motivation and cognitive learning strategies through an undergraduate learning community. Learning Environments Research, 5, 77–97. doi:10.1023/A:1015610606945
  • Vonderwell, S. (2003). An examination of asynchronous communication experiences and perspectives of students in an online course: A case study. The Internet and Higher Education, 6, 77–90. doi:10.1016/S1096-7516(02)00164-1
  • Winne, P. H. (1997). Experimenting to bootstrap self-regulated learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 397–410. doi:10.1037//0022-0663.89.3.397
  • Winne, P. H., & Perry, N. E. (2000). Measuring self-regulated learning. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 532–564). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Wolters, C., Pintrich, P., & Karabenick, S. (2005). Assessing academic self-regulated learning. In K. Moore & L. Lippman (Eds.), What do children need to flourish? (pp. 251–270). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Yang, Y. C., Newby, T. J., & Bill, R. L. (2005). Using Socratic questioning to promote critical thinking skills through asynchronous discussion forums in distance learning environments. American Journal of Distance Education, 19, 163–181. doi:10.1207/s15389286ajde1903_4
  • Yang, C., Tsai, I., Kim, B., Cho, M., & Laffey, J. M. (2006). Exploring the relationships between students’ academic motivation and social ability in online learning environments. The Internet and Higher Education, 9, 277–286. doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2006.08.002
  • Zimmerman, B. J. (1989). A social cognitive view of self-regulated academic learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 329–339. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.81.3.329
  • Zimmerman, B. J. (1998). Developing self-fulfilling cycles of academic regulation: An analysis of exemplary instructional models. In D. H. Schunk & B. J. Zimmerman (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13–39). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13–39). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Zimmerman, B. J., & Martinez-Pons, M. (1990). Student differences in self-regulated learning: Relating grade, sex, and giftedness to self-efficacy and strategy use. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 51–59. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.51

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.