The civic potential of memes and hashtags in the lives of young people

References

• Alkali, Y. E., & Amichai-Hamburger, Y. (2004). Experiments in digital literacy. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(4), 421–429.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anderson, M., & Jiang, J. (2018). Teens’ social media habits and experiences. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Applegate, M., & Cohen, J. (2017). Communicating graphically: Mimesis, visual language, and commodification as culture. Public Culture, 13(1), 81–100.
   Google Scholar
• Barthes, R. (1972). Mythologies. Trans. Annette Lavers. New York: Hill and Wang.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, W. L., & Segerberg, A. (2012). The logic of connective action: Digital media and the personalization of contentious politics. Information, Communication & Society, 15(5), 739–768.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boczkowski, P. J., Mitchelstein, E., & Matassi, M. (2018). News comes across when I’m in a moment of leisure: Understanding the practices of incidental news consumption on social media. New Media & Society, 20(10), 3523–3539.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boechler, P., Dragon, K., & Wasniewski, E. (2014). Digital literacy concepts and definitions: Implications for educational assessment and practice. International Journal of Digital Literacy and Digital Competence (IJDLDC), 5(4), 1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Bonilla, Y., & Rosa, J. (2015). # Ferguson: Digital protest, hashtag ethnography, and the racial politics of social media in the United States. American Ethnologist, 42(1), 4–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd, D. (2014). It’s complicated: The social lives of networked teens. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Buckingham, D. (2010). Defining digital literacy. In B. Bachmair (Ed.), Medienbildung in neuen Kulturräumen (pp. 59–71). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
   Google Scholar
• Carney, N. (2016). All lives matter, but so does race: Black lives matter and the evolving role of social media. Humanity & Society, 40(2), 180–199.
   Google Scholar
• Charmaz, K. (1996). The search for meanings–ground theory. In J. A. Smith, R. Harré, & L. Van Langenhove (Eds.), Rethinking methods in psychology (pp. 27–49). London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative Sociology, 13(1), 3–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalton, R. J. (2008). Citizenship norms and the expansion of political participation. Political Studies, 56(1), 76–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawkins, R. (1976). The selfish gene. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dean, J. (2019). Sorted for memes and gifs: Visual media and everyday digital politics. Political Studies Review, 17(3), 255–266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demirhan, K. (2014). Social media effects on the Gezi Park movement in Turkey: Politics under hashtags. In B. Patrut, & M. Patrut (Eds.), Social media in politics (pp. 281–314). New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Dunne, Á, Lawlor, M. A., & Rowley, J. (2010). Young people’s use of online social networking sites – a uses and gratifications perspective. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 4(1), 46–58.
   Google Scholar
• Earl, J., Kimport, K., Prieto, G., Rush, C., & Reynoso, K. (2010). Changing the world one webpage at a time: Conceptualizing and explaining Internet activism. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 15(4), 425–446.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahmy, E. (2017). Young citizens: Young people’s involvement in politics and decision making. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Flesher Fominaya, C. (2010). Collective identity in social movements: Central concepts and debates. Sociology Compass, 4(6), 393–404.
   Google Scholar
• Flick, U. (2018). An introduction to qualitative research. London: Sage Publications Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Freelon, D., McIlwain, C. D., & Clark, M. (2016). Beyond the hashtags: Ferguson, blacklivesmatter, and the online struggle for offline justice (Research Report). Washington, DC: Center for Media & Social Impact.
   Google Scholar
• Gleason, B. (2018). Thinking in hashtags: Exploring teenagers’ new literacies practices on Twitter. Learning, Media and Technology, 43(2), 165–180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graeff, E. (2015). Binders full of election memes: Participatory culture invades the 2012 US Election. Center for Civic Media at MIT: Retrieved 4, 2019, from https://civic.mit.edu/2014/03/26/binders-full-of-election-memes-expanding-political-discourse/.
   Google Scholar
• Habermas, J. (1989). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Heiskanen, B. (2017). Meme-ing electoral participation. European Journal of American Studies, 12(2), 1–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobbs, R. (2017). Create to learn: Introduction to digital literacy. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Hobbs, R., Donnelly, K., Friesem, J., & Moen, M. (2013). Learning to engage: How positive attitudes about the news, media literacy, and video production contribute to adolescent civic engagement. Educational Media International, 50(4), 231–246.
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins, H. (2009). Confronting the challenges of participatory culture: Media education for the 21st century. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins, H., Shresthova, S., Gamber-Thompson, L., Kligler-Vilenchik, N., & Zimmerman, A. (2018). By any media necessary: The new youth activism (Vol. 3). New York: NYU Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kahne, J., & Bowyer, B. (2017). Educating for democracy in a partisan age: Confronting the challenges of motivated reasoning and misinformation. American Educational Research Journal, 54(1), 3–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kligler-Vilenchik, N., & Thorson, K. (2016). Good citizenship as a frame contest: Kony2012, memes, and critiques of the networked citizen. New Media & Society, 18(9), 1993–2011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreiss, D., Meadows, L., & Remensperger, J. (2015). Political performance, boundary spaces, and active spectatorship: Media production at the 2012 democratic national convention. Journalism, 16(5), 577–595.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane, J. (2020). A smartphone case method: Reimagining social relationships with smartphone data. Journal of Children and Media, 14(4), 1–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindlof, T. R., & Taylor, B. C. (2017). Qualitative communication research methods. London: Sage publications.
   Google Scholar
• Loader, B. D., Vromen, A., & Xenos, M. A. (2014). The networked young citizen: Social media, political participation and civic engagement. Information, Community & Society, 17(2), 143–150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margetts, H., John, P., Hale, S., & Yasseri, T. (2015). Political turbulence: How social media shape collective action. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mihailidis, P. (2014). The civic-social media disconnect: Exploring perceptions of social media for engagement in the daily life of college students. Information, Communication & Society, 17(9), 1059–1071.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mihailidis, P. (2018). Civic media literacies: Re-Imagining engagement for civic intentionality. Learning, Media and Technology, 43(2), 152–164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milan, S. (2015). From social movements to cloud protesting: The evolution of collective identity. Information, Communication & Society, 18(8), 887–900.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milošević-Đorđević, J. S., & Žeželj, I. L. (2017). Civic activism online: Making young people dormant or more active in real life? Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 113–118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mina, A. X. (2017). When Internet memes infiltrate the physical world. https://www. theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/05/when-internet-memes-infiltrate-the-physical-world/523887.
   Google Scholar
• Morton, N. (2017, March 10). McCleary roundup: 44 days and many memes later, ‘levy cliff’ legislation approved. Seattle Times. https://www.seattletimes.com/education-lab/mccleary-roundup-44-days-and-many-memes-later-senate-passes-levy-cliff-legislation/.
   Google Scholar
• Pagani, M., Hofacker, C. F., & Goldsmith, R. E. (2011). The influence of personality on active and passive use of social networking sites. Psychology & Marketing, 28(5), 441–456.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palfrey, J. G., & Gasser, U. (2016). Born digital: How children grow up in a digital age. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Pickard, S., & Bessant, J. (Eds.). (2018). Young people re-generating politics in times of crises. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants part 1. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Reyna, J., Hanham, J., & Meier, P. (2018). The Internet explosion, digital media principles and implications to communicate effectively in the digital space. E-learning and Digital Media, 15(1), 36–52.
   Google Scholar
• Rheingold, H. (2012). Net smart: How to thrive online. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ross, A. S., & Rivers, D. J. (2017). Digital cultures of political participation: Internet memes and the discursive delegitimization of the 2016 US Presidential candidates. Discourse, Context & Media, 16, 1–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelby, T. (2015). Impure dissent: Hip hop and the political ethics of marginalized black urban youth. In D. Allen, & J. S. Light (Eds.), From voice to influence: Understanding citizenship in a digital age (pp. 59–79). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shifman, L. (2013). Memes in a digital world: Reconciling with a conceptual troublemaker. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 18(3), 362–377.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, A., & Anderson, M. (2018). Social media use in 2018. Pew Research Center, 1.
   Google Scholar
• Taplin, J. (2017). Move fast and break things: How Facebook, Google, and Amazon have cornered culture and what it means for all of us. New York, NY: Pan Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2009). Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. New York: Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• Tufekci, Z. (2017). Twitter and tear gas: The power and fragility of networked protest. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Twenge, J. M. (2017). IGen: Why today’s super-connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happy – and completely unprepared for adulthood – and what that means for the rest of us. New York: Simon and Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Vaidhyanathan, S. (2018). Antisocial media: How Facebook disconnects us and undermines democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vromen, A., Xenos, M. A., & Loader, B. (2015). Young people, social media and connective action: From organisational maintenance to everyday political talk. Journal of Youth Studies, 18(1), 80–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wark, S. (2015, September 30). The meme is excess of its instance. Transmedialie Blog. transmedialeblog.wordpress.com/2015/09/30/scott-wark-the-meme-in-excess-of-its-instance/.
   Google Scholar
• Wattenberg, M. P. (2015). Is voting for young people? New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Webster, J. G. (2010). User information regimes: How social media shape patterns of consumption. Northwestern University Law Review, 104(2), 593–612.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, G. (2016). Narrative agency in hashtag activism: The case of# BlackLivesMatter. Media and Communication, 4(4), 13–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar