REFERENCES
- Aaby , P. 1992 . “ Overcrowding and intensive exposure: Major determinants of variations in measles mortality in Africa. ” . In Mortality and society in Sub-Saharan Africa Edited by: van de Walle , E. , Pison , G. and Sala-Diakanda , M. 319 – 48 . Oxford : Clarendon Press. .
- Åkerman , S. , Högberg , U. and Danielsson , M. 1988 . “ Height, health and nutrition in early modern Sweden. ” . In Society, health and population during the demographic transition Edited by: Brändström , A. and Tedebrand , L.-G. 423 – 28 . Stockholm : Almqvist and Wiksell International. .
- Alderson , M. 1988 . Mortality, morbidity and health statistics. London : Macmillan. .
- Andreski , S. 1972 . Social science as sorcery. New York : St. Martin's Press. .
- Andrews , R. 1992 . Introduction to Rebirth of rhetoric Edited by: Andrews , R. London : Routledge. .
- Angus , I. and Langsdorf , L. 1993 . The critical turn: Rhetoric and philosophy in postmodern discourse. Carbondale : Southern Illinois University Press. .
- Aristotle . 1991 . On rhetoric. Edited by: Kennedy , G. Oxford : Oxford University Press. .
- Aune , A. 1990 . “ Rhetoric after deconstruction. ” . In Rhetoric and philosophy Edited by: Cherwitz , R. 253 – 76 . Hillsdale , N. J. : L. Erlbaum Associates. .
- Barnes , D. 1992 . The rise or fall of tuberculosis in belle-epoque France: A reply to Alan Mitchell . Social History of Medicine , 5 : 179 – 90 .
- Bauer , P. T. 1984 . Reality and rhetoric: Studies in the economics of development. London : Weidenfeld and Nicolson. .
- Berridge , V. 1992 . Health and medicine in the twentieth century: Contemporary history and health policy . Social History of Medicine , 5 : 307 – 16 .
- Blaxter , K. and Waterlow , J. C. , eds. 1985 . Nutritional adaptation in man. London : John Libbey. .
- Bock , G. and Thane , P. , eds. 1991 . Maternity and gender policies: Women and the rise of the European welfare states, 1880s-1950s. London : Routledge. .
- Brend , W. 1917 . Health and the state. London : Constable. .
- Buer , M. C. 1926 . Health, wealth and population in the early days of the Industrial Revolution. London : Routledge. .
- Caldwell , J. 1990a . Review of Alex Mercer's (1990) Disease mortality and population in transition. . Health Transition Review , 1 : 245 – 6 .
- Caldwell , J. 1990b . “ Introductory thoughts on health transition. ” . In What we know about the health transition Edited by: Caldwell , J. , Findley , S. , Caldwell , P. , Santow , G. , Crawford , W. , Braid , J. and Broers-Freeman , D. vol. 1 , Canberra : Australian National University Press. .
- Cherwitz , R. 1990 . “ The philosophical foundations of rhetoric. ” . In Rhetoric and philosophy Edited by: Cherwitz , R. 1 – 25 . Hillsdale , N.J. : L. Erlbaum Associates. .
- Chesnais , J. 1992 . The demographic transition. Oxford : Clarendon Press. .
- Cipolla , C. 1992 . “ Miasmas and disease. ” . In Public health and the environment in the pre-industrial age. New Haven : Yale University Press. .
- Clark , G. , Huberman , M. and Lindert , P. A British food puzzle, 1770–1850 . Paper presented at the Economic History Association Conference . September 19 , Boston .
- Coleman , D. and Dimsdale , N. 1988 . “ The political economy of health and welfare. ” . In The political economy of health and welfare Edited by: Keynes , M. , Coleman , D. and Dimsdale , N. 1 – 25 . Hong Kong : Macmillan. .
- Corsini , C. and Viazzo , P. 1993 . “ The historical decline of infant mortality. ” . In The decline of infant mortality in Europe, 1800–1950: Four national case studies Edited by: Corsini and Viazzo . UNICEF. .
- Creighton , C. 1891–94 . A history of epidemics in Britain. 2 vols , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. .
- d'Auzac , E. 1992 . “ Rhetoric in the university. ” . In Rebirth of rhetoric Edited by: Andrews , R. 59 – 67 . London : Routledge. .
- David , P. and Hersh , R. 1987 . “ Rhetoric and mathematics. ” . In The rhetoric of the human sciences Edited by: Nelson , J. , Megill , A. and McCloskey , D. 53 – 68 . Madison : University of Wisconsin Press. .
- Davis , K. Cities and mortality. International Union for the Scientific Study of Population . International Population Conference . Vol. 3 , pp. 259 – 82 . Liège : IUSSP. .
- Diesing , P. 1991 . How does social science work? Pittsburgh : University of Pittsburgh Press. .
- Dobson , M. 1989 . Mortality gradients and disease exchanges: Comparisons from Old England and Colonial America . Social History of Medicine , 2 : 259 – 97 .
- Dreze , J. and Sen , A. 1990 . Hunger and public action. Oxford : Clarendon Press. .
- Eldredge , N. 1991 . The miner's canary: Unraveling the mysteries of extinction. New York : Prentice Hall. .
- Engerman , S. L. and Gallman , R. E. , eds. 1986 . Long-term factors in American economic growth. Chicago : University of Chicago Press (for National Bureau of Economic Research). .
- Evans , R. J. 1987 . Death in Hamburg: Society and politics in the cholera years, 1830–1910. Oxford : Oxford University Press. .
- Ewald , P. 1993 . The evolution of virulence . Scientific American , 268 ( 4 ) : 56 – 63 .
- Feinstem , C. 1993 . The British standard of living in historical perspective Talk given to the Social Science Faculty, Oxford University. . June
- Floud , R. 1984 . The heights of Europeans since 1750 NBER working paper number 1318, no. 26
- Floud , R. , Wachter , K. and Gregory , A. 1985 . The physical state of the British working class, 1870–1914 21 NBER working paper number 1661
- Floud , R. , Wachter , K. and Gregory , A. 1990 . Height, health and history: Nutritional status in the United Kingdom, 1750–1980. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. .
- Fogel , R. 1988 . “ Nutrition and the decline in mortality since 1700: Some additional preliminary findings. ” . In Society, health and population during the demographic transition Edited by: Brändström , A. and Tedebrand , L.-G. 369 – 84 . Stockholm : Almqvist and Wiksell International. .
- Fogel , R. 1991 . “ The conquest of high mortality and hunger in Europe and America: Timing and mechanisms. ” . In Favorites of fortune: Technology, growth, and economic development since the Industrial Revolution Edited by: Higonnet , P. , Landes , D. S. and Rosovsky , H. 33 – 71 . Cambridge : Harvard University Press. .
- Fogel , R. 1992 . “ Second thoughts on the European escape from hunger: Famines, chronic malnutrition, and mortality. ” . In Nutrition and poverty Edited by: Osmani , S. 243 – 81 . Oxford : Oxford University Press. .
- Fogel , R. 1993 . New sources and new techniques for the study of secular trends in nutritional status, health, mortality, and the process of aging . Historical Methods , 26 : 5 – 43 .
- Frazer , W. 1950 . A history of English public health, 1834–1939. London : Balliere, Tindall and Cox. .
- Fridlizius , G. 1988 . “ Sex differential mortality and socio-economic change. Sweden 1750–1910. ” . In Society, health and population during the demographic transition Edited by: Brändström , A. and Tedebrand , L.-G. 237 – 71 . Stockholm : Almqvist and Wiksell International. .
- Frowe , I. 1992 . “ Persuasive forces: Language ideology and education. ” . In Rebirth of rhetoric Edited by: Andrews , R. 39 – 58 . London : Routledge. .
- Goodfield , J. 1991 . A chance to live. New York : Macmillan. .
- Griffith , G. T. 1926 . Population problems of the age of Malthus. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. .
- Halstead , S. B. , Walsh , J. A. and Warren , K. S. , eds. 1985 . Good health at low cost: Proceedings of a conference in Bellagio, Italy New York : Rockefeller Foundation. .
- Hamlin , C. 1988 . Muddling in bumbledom: On the enormity of large sanitary improvements in four British towns, 1855–1885 . Victorian Studies , 32 : 55 – 83 .
- Hammond , P. Credible liberation: Beyond the three theorems of neoclassical welfare economics . Paper delivered at the Tenth International Economic Association World Congress . Moscow .
- Haskins , L. and Jeffrey , K. 1990 . Understanding quantitative history. New York : McGraw-Hill. .
- Henige , D. 1992 . Native American population at contact: Standards of proof and styles of discourse in the debate . Latin American Population History Bulletin , 22 : 1 – 23 .
- Hexter , J. 1971 . Doing history. Bloomington : Indiana University Press. .
- Hikins , J. and Zagacki , K. 1993 . “ Rhetoric, objectivism and the doctrine of tolerance. ” . In The critical turn Edited by: Angus , I. and Langsdorf , L. 100 – 125 . Carbondale : Southern Illinois University Press. .
- Hollingsworth , T. 1977 . Mortality in British peerage families since 1600 . Population , 32 : 323 – 52 .
- Johannisson , K. 1988 . “ Why cure the sick? Population policy and health programs within 18th-century Swedish mercantilism. ” . In Society, health and population during the demographic transition Edited by: Brändström , A. and Tedebrand , L.-G. 323 – 30 . Stockholm : Almqvist and Wiksell International. .
- Johansson , S. R. 1979 . “ Demographic contributions to the history of Victorian women. ” . In The women of England from Anglo-Saxon times to the present Edited by: Kanner , B. 259 – 95 . Hamden , Conn. : Archon Books. .
- Johansson , S. R. 1991a . Welfare mortality and gender: Continuity and change in explanation for male/female mortality differences over three centuries . Continuity and Change , 6 : 135 – 77 .
- Johansson , S. R. 1991b . “ Cultural software, institutional hardware and health information processing in social systems. ” . In What we know about the health transition Edited by: Caldwell , J. vol. 1 , Canberra : Australian National University Press. .
- Johansson , S. R. Public health, private health and human longevity . Paper presented at the History of Public Health and Prevention Conference . September 6–8 , Lovik , Sweden.
- Johansson , S. R. 1993 . “ The brain's software: The computer as metaphor and metonym in the figurative processing of cultural information. ” . In The machine as metaphor and tool Edited by: Haken , H. , Karlqvist , A. and Swedin , U. 1 – 43 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag. .
- Johansson , S. R. Medicine and mortality: Aristocratic life expectancy before and after the Scientific Revolution . Paper delivered at All Souls College . February 1 , Oxford .
- Johansson , S. and Mosk , C. 1987 . Exposure, resistance and life expectancy: Disease and death during the economic development of Japan, 1900–1960 . Population Studies , 41 : 207 – 35 .
- Kearns , G. 1988 . “ The urban penalty and the population history of England. ” . In Society, health, and population during the demographic transition Edited by: Brändström , A. and Tedebrand , L.-G. 213 – 36 . Stockholm : Almqvist and Wiksell International. .
- Kennedy , G. 1963 . The art of persuasion in Greece. Princeton : Princeton University Press. .
- Komlos , J. 1986 . Patterns of children's growth in east-central Europe in the eighteenth century . Annals of Human Biology , 13 : 33 – 48 .
- Kunitz , S. 1986 . “ Mortality since Malthus. ” . In The state of population theory Edited by: Coleman , D. and Schofield , R. 279 – 302 . Oxford : Basil Blackwell. .
- Landers , Forthcoming J. “ From Colyton to Waterloo: Mortality, politics and economics in historical demography. ” . In Rethinking social history Edited by: Wilson , A. F.
- Latour , B. 1988 . The pasteurization of France. Cambridge : Harvard University Press. .
- Leff , S. 1950 . The health of the people. London : Victor Gollancz. .
- Lehman , D. 1991 . Signs of the times: Deconstruction and the fall of Paul de Man. New York : Poseidon Press. .
- Letwin , W. 1963 . The origins of scientific economics. London : Methuen. .
- Livi-Bacci , M. 1991 . Population and nutrition: An essay on European demographic history. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. .
- Longino , H. E. 1990 . Science as social knowledge: Values and objectivity in scientific inquiry. Princeton : Princeton University Press. .
- Mackin , J. H. 1969 . Classical rhetoric for modern discourse. New York : Free Press. .
- March , J. and Olsen , J. Rediscovering institutions. New York : Free Press. .
- Mata , L. J. 1978 . The children of Santa Maria Cauque: A prospective field study of health and growth. Cambridge : MIT Press. .
- Martorell , R. 1985 . “ Child growth retardation: A discussion of its causes and its relationship to health. ” . In Nutritional adaptation in man Edited by: Blaxter , K. and Waterlow , J. C. 13 – 29 . London : John Libbey. .
- McCloskey , D. 1989 . Ancients and moderns Washington , D.C. : Presidential address to the Social Science History Association. . 18 November
- McKeon , R. 1987 . Rhetoric: Essays in invention and discovery. Woodbridge , Conn. : Ox Bow Press. .
- McKeown , T. 1964 . The next forty years in public health . Population Studies , 17 : 269 – 92 .
- McKeown , T. 1971 . “ A sociological approach to the history of medicine. ” . In Medical history and medical care Edited by: McLachlan , G. and McKeown , R. 1 – 17 . London : Oxford University Press. .
- McKeown , T. 1976 . The modern rise of population. New York : Academic Press. .
- McKeown , T. 1988 . The origins of human disease. Oxford : Basil Blackwell. .
- McKeown , T. and Brown , R. G. 1965 . “ Medical evidence related to English population changes in the eighteenth century. ” . In Population in history Edited by: Glass , D. V. and Everseley , D. E. C. 285 – 307 . London : Edward Arnold. .
- McKeown , T. , Brown , R. G. and Record , R. G. 1972 . An interpretation of the modern rise of population in Europe . Population Studies , 26 : 345 – 82 .
- McKeown , T. and Lowe , C. 1966 . An introduction to social medicine. Oxford : Oxford University Press. .
- McKeown , T. and Record , R. 1962 . Reasons for the decline of mortality in England and Wales during the nineteenth century . Population Studies , 16 : 94 – 122 .
- Megill , A. and McCloskey , D. 1987 . “ The rhetoric of history. ” . In The rhetoric of the human sciences Edited by: Nelson , J. , Megill , A. and McCloskey , D. 221 – 37 . Madison : University of Wisconsin Press. .
- Mercer , A. 1990 . Disease mortality and population in transition. Leicester : Leicester University. .
- Mitchell , A. 1992 . Tuberculosis statistics and the McKeown thesis: A rebuttal to David Barnes . Social History of Medicine , 5 : 291 – 96 .
- Mitchell , B. R. 1976 . European health statistics. New York : Columbia University Press. .
- Mosk , C. 1980 . The decline of marital fertility in Japan . Population Studies , 33 : 25
- Mosk , C. and Johansson , S. R. 1984 . Death and development: Mortality decline in Japan, 1908–1960 Report to the National Science Foundation
- Mosk , C. and Johansson , S. R. 1986 . Income and mortality: Evidence from modern Japan . Population and Development Review , 12 : 415 – 40 .
- Murray , J. E. 1993 . Stature among members of a nineteenth-century American Shaker commune . Annals of Human Biology , 20 : 121 – 9 .
- Nelson , J. , Megill , A. and McCloskey , D. , eds. 1987 . The rhetoric of the human sciences. Madison : University of Wisconsin Press. .
- Nilsson , H. and Sundin , J. Spatial and social aspects of mortality in nineteenth-century Linkoping and its hinterland . Report to the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the Social Science History Association . New Orleans .
- Nordenfeit , L. 1983 . Causes of death. Uppsala : Swedish Council for Planning and Coordination of Research. .
- Nussbaum , M. 1992 . Skepticism about practical reasoning in literature and the law Lecture delivered at Stanford University. . 7 February
- North , D. 1991 . Institutions . Journal of Economic Perspectives , 5 : 97 – 112 .
- O'Gráda , C. 1993 . Ireland before and after the famine. , 2d. ed. Manchester : Manchester University Press. .
- Osmani , S. R. , ed. 1992 . Nutrition and poverty. Oxford : Clarendon Press. .
- Palloni , A. 1989 . Health levels and care in Latin America Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin—Madison. . CDE Working paper 89–17
- Payne , P. 1992 . “ Assessing undernutrition: The need for reconceptualization. ” . In Nutrition and poverty Edited by: Osmani , S. R. 49 – 92 . Oxford : Oxford University Press. .
- Perrenoud , A. 1991 . “ The attenuation of mortality crises. ” . In The decline of mortality in Europe Edited by: Schofield , R. , Reher , D. and Bideau , A. 18 – 37 . Oxford : Clarendon Press. .
- Porter , R. and Porter , D. 1989 . In sickness and in health: The British experience, 1650–1850. Oxford : Basil Blackwell. .
- Post , J. 1985 . Food shortage, climatic variability, and epidemic disease in preindustrial Europe: The mortality peak of the early 1740s. Ithaca : Cornell University Press. .
- Pratkanis , A. and Aronson , E. 1991 . The age of propaganda: The everyday use and abuse of persuasion. New York : W. H. Freeman. .
- Preston , S. 1976 . Mortality patterns in national populations. New York : Academic Press. .
- Preston , S. 1980 . “ Causes and consequences of mortality declines in less developed countries during the twentieth century. ” . In Population and economic change in developing counties Edited by: Easterlin , R. A. 289 – 360 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press. .
- Preston , S. and Haines , M. R. 1991a . Fatal years: Child mortality in late nineteenth-century America. Princeton : Princeton University Press. .
- Preston , S. and Haines , M. R. 1991b . Responses to Comments on Fatal years. . Health Transition Review , 1 : 240 – 44 .
- Preston , S. , Keyfitz , N. and Schoen , R. 1976 . Causes of death: Life tables for national populations. New York : Seminar Press. .
- Ratcliffe , H. 1850 . Observations on the rate of mortality and sickness. Manchester
- Reich , Forthcoming M. The political economy of health transitions . Journal of Interdisciplinary History , 14 503 – 6 . Health and social change, Chen, L., Kleinman, A., Caldwell J., Potter J., Ware N., The relationship of nutrition, disease and social conditions: A graphical presentation
- Riley , J. 1987 . The eighteenth-century campaign to avoid disease. London : Macmillan. .
- Roberts , S. 1968 . Epidemics and social history: An essay review . Medical History , 12 : 305 – 16 .
- Roemer , M. and Roemer , R. 1990 . Global health, national development and the role of government . American Journal of Public Health , 80 ( 10 ) : 83 – 97 .
- Rosen , G. 1993 . Reprint. A history of public health. Introduced by Fee, E. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. Original edition, New York: M. D. Publications, 1958
- Roy , S. 1989 . Philosophy of economics. London : Routledge. .
- Sandberg , L. 1979 . The case of the impoverished sophisticate: Human capital and Swedish economic growth before WWI . Journal of Economic History , 39 : 225 – 41 .
- Schofield , R. S. 1991 . “ The decline of mortality in Europe. ” . In The decline of mortality in Europe Edited by: Schofield , R. S. , Reher , D. and Bideau , A. 1 – 17 . Oxford : Clarendon Press. .
- Shattuck , L. 1948 . Reprint. Report of the sanitary commission of Massachusetts. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Original edition, 1850
- Shay , T. The level of living in Japan, 1885–1938 . Paper presented at the Social Science History Association meetings in October .
- Simons , H. 1976 . Persuasion: Understanding, practice and analysis. Reading , Mass. : Addison-Wesley. .
- Slack , P. 1985 . The impact of plague in Tudor and Stuart England. Oxford : Clarendon Press. .
- Smith , D. S. 1983 . Differential mortality in the United States before 1900 . Journal of Interdisciplinary History , 14 : 735 – 59 .
- Smith , D. S. 1993 . The curious history of theorizing about the history of the western nuclear family . Social Science History , 17 : 325 – 53 .
- Smith , R. M. 1993 . “ Demography and medicine. ” . In Companion encyclopedia of the history of medicine Edited by: Bynum , W. F. and Porter , R. vol. 2 , 1663 – 92 . London : Routledge. .
- Stearns , P. 1984 . “ History and public policy. ” . In Social science and public policy Edited by: McCall , G. and Weber , G. 91 – 122 . Port Washington , N. Y. : Associated Faculty Press. .
- Steckel , R. 1988 . The health and mortality of women and children, 1850–1860 . Journal of Economic History , 48 : 333 – 46 .
- Sundin , J. 1992 . The history of public health and prevention: Current Swedish research . Social History of Medicine , 5 : 517 – 24 .
- Szreter , S. 1988 . The importance of social intervention in Britain's mortality decline, c. 1850–1914: A re-interpretation of the role of public health . Social History of Medicine , 1 : 139
- van de Walle , E. , Pison , G. and Sala-Diakanda , M. 1992 . Mortality and society in Sub-Saharan Africa. Oxford : Clarendon Press. .
- Warner , J. 1991 . “ The idea of science in English medicine: The “decline of science” and the rhetoric of reform, 1815–45. ” . In British medicine in an age of reform Edited by: French , R. and Wear , A. London : Routledge. .
- Warren , K. 1991 . McKeown's mistake . Health Transition Review , 1 : 229 – 33 .
- Watkins , S. and van de Walle , E. 1983 . Nutrition, mortality and population size: Malthus's court of last resort . Journal of Interdisciplinary History , 14 : 205 – 26 .
- Weinberg , E. 1978 . Iron and infection . Microbiological Reviews , 42 : 45 – 66 .
- Weir , D. Prenatal consumption decisions and child health during the early French fertility decline, 1790–1914 . Paper delivered at the Economic History Association Meetings . September , Boston .
- Williamson , J. 1984 . British mortality and the value of life, 1781–1931 . Population Studies , 38 : 157 – 72 .
- Winterowd , W. 1968 . Rhetoric: A synthesis. New York : Holt, Rinehart & Winston. .
- Woods , R. 1985 . The effect of population redistribution on the level of mortality in nineteenth-century England and Wales . Journal of Economic History , 45 : 645 – 51 .
- Woods , R. and Hinde , P. 1987 . Mortality in Victorian England: Models and patterns . Journal of Interdisciplinary History , 18 : 27 – 54 .
- Wrigley , E. A. 1968 . Mortality in pre-industrial England: The example of Colyton, Devon over three centuries . Daedalus , 97 : 550 – 68 .
- Wrigley , E. A. and Schofield , R. S. 1981 . The population history of England, 1541–1871: A reconstruction. Cambridge : Harvard University Press. .
- Zinsser , H. 1937 . Rats, Lice and History. London : Routledge. .