References
- Sarnat HB, Curatolo P. Disorders of segmentation of the neural tube: chiari malformations. Handb Clin Neurol. 2007;87:89–103.
- Carmel PW, Markesbery WR. Early descriptions of the Arnold-Chiari malformation: the contribution of John Cleland. J Neurosurg. 1972;37(5):543–547.
- Pearce J. Arnold chiari, or “Cruveilhier cleland Chiari” malformation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000;68(1):13.
- Loukas M, Noordeh N, Shoja MM, et al. Hans Chiari (1851–1916). Childs Nerv Syst. 2008;24(3):407–409.
- Tubbs RS, Elton S, Grabb P, et al. Analysis of the posterior fossa in children with the Chiari 0 malformation. Neurosurgery. 2001;48(5):1050–1055.
- Tubbs RS, Iskandar BJ, Bartolucci AA, et al. A critical analysis of the Chiari 1.5 malformation. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2004;101(2):179–183.
- Kim I-K, Wang K-C, Kim I-O, et al. Chiari 1.5 malformation: an advanced form of Chiari I malformation. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2010;48(4):375–379.
- Furuya K, Sano K, Segawa H, et al. Symptomatic tonsillar ectopia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998;64(2):221–226.
- Meadows J, Kraut M, Guarnieri M, et al. Asymptomatic Chiari Type I malformations identified on magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosurg. 2000;92(6):920–926.
- Strahle J, Muraszko KM, Kapurch J, et al. Chiari malformation Type I and syrinx in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging: clinical article. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2011;8(2):205–213.
- Rozenfeld M, Frim DM, Katzman GL, et al. MRI findings after surgery for Chiari malformation type I. Am J Roentgenol. 2015;205(5):1086–1093.
- Raybaud C, Jallo GI. Chiari 1 deformity in children: etiopathogenesis and radiologic diagnosis. Handb Clin Neurol. 2018;155:25–48.
- Ozsoy KM, Oktay K, Cetinalp NE, et al. The Role of cine flow magnetic resonance imaging in patients with Chiari 0 malformation. Turk Neurosurg. 2018;28(2):251–256.
- Markunas CA, Tubbs RS, Moftakhar R, et al. Clinical, radiological, and genetic similarities between patients with Chiari Type I and Type 0 malformations: clinical article. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2012;9(4):372–378.
- Montemurro N, Perrini P, Mangini V, et al. The Y-shaped trabecular bone structure in the odontoid process of the axis: a CT scan study in 54 healthy subjects and biomechanical considerations. J Neurosurg Spine. 2019;30(5):585–592.
- Basaran R, Efendioglu M, Senol M, et al. Morphometric analysis of posterior fossa and craniovertebral junction in subtypes of Chiari malformation. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2018;169:1–11.
- Ravindra VM, Iyer RR, Awad A-W, et al. Defining the role of the condylar–C2 sagittal vertical alignment in Chiari malformation type I. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2020;26(4):439–444.
- Sekula RF, Arnone GD, Crocker C, et al. The pathogenesis of Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia. Neurol Res. 2011;33(3):232–239.
- Boyles AL, Enterline DS, Hammock PH, et al. Phenotypic definition of Chiari type I malformation coupled with high‐density SNP genome screen shows significant evidence for linkage to regions on chromosomes 9 and 15. Am J Med Genet Part A. 2006;140(24):2776–2785.
- Speer MC, Enterline DS, Mehltretter L, et al. Review article: chiari type I malformation with or without syringomyelia: prevalence and genetics. J Genet Couns. 2003;12(4):297–311.
- Tubbs RS, Griessenauer CJ, Hendrix P, et al. Relationship between pharyngitis and peri‐odontoid pannus: a new etiology for some Chiari I malformations? Clin Anat. 2015;28(5):602–607.
- Cahan LD, Bentson JR. Considerations in the diagnosis and treatment of syringomyelia and the Chiari malformation. J Neurosurg. 1982;57(1):24–31.
- Heiss JD, Patronas N, DeVroom HL, et al. Elucidating the pathophysiology of syringomyelia. J Neurosurg. 1999;91(4):553–562.
- Perrini P, Gambacciani C, Martini C, et al. Anterior cervical corpectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: reconstruction with expandable cylindrical cage versus iliac crest autograft. A retrospective study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2015;139:258–263.
- Milhorat TH, Chou MW, Trinidad EM, et al. Chiari I malformation redefined: clinical and radiographic findings for 364 symptomatic patients. Neurosurgery. 1999;44(5):1005–1017.
- Society HCSotIH. The international classification of headache disorders. Cephalalgia: An International Journal of Headache. 2004;24:9.
- Tubbs RS, McGirt MJ, Oakes WJ. Surgical experience in 130 pediatric patients with Chiari I malformations. J Neurosurg. 2003;99(2):291–296.
- George TM, Higginbotham NH. Defining the signs and symptoms of Chiari malformation type I with and without syringomyelia. Neurol Res. 2011;33(3):240–246.
- Stovner LJ. Headache associated with the Chiari type I malformation. Headache. 1993;33(4):175–181.
- Tubbs RS, Tyler-Kabara EC, Oakes WJ. Unilateral occipital hyperhidrosis following Chiari I decompression: case report and a review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst. 2006;22(7):737–739.
- Di Lorenzo N, Cacciola F. Adult syringomielia: classification, pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches. J Neurosurg Sci. 2005;49(3):65.
- Kim J, Kim CH, Jahng T-A, et al. Clinical course of incidental syringomyelia without predisposing pathologies. J Clin Neurosci. 2012;19(5):665–668.
- Matsumoto T, Symon L. Surgical management of syringomyelia—current results. Surg Neurol. 1989;32(4):258–265.
- Milhorat TH, Bolognese PA. Tailored operative technique for Chiari type I malformation using intraoperative color Doppler ultrasonography. Neurosurgery. 2003;53(4):899–906.
- Rocque BG, Oakes WJ. Surgical treatment of Chiari I malformation. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2015;26(4):527–531.
- Shaffer N, Martin B, Loth F. Cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics in type I Chiari malformation. Neurol Res. 2011;33(3):247–260.
- Aslan A, Rakip U, Boyacı MG, et al. Posterior Fossa Decompression and superficial durotomy rather than complete durotomy and duraplasty in the management of Chiari 1. Neurol Res. 2020;1–7. DOI:10.1080/01616412.2020.1866386
- Oro JJ, Mueller DM. Posterior fossa decompression and reconstruction in adolescents and adults with the Chiari I malformation. Neurol Res. 2011;33(3):261–271.
- Tisell M, Wallskog J, Linde M. Long‐term outcome after surgery for Chiari I malformation. Acta Neurol Scand. 2009;120(5):295–299.
- Zhao J-L, Li M-H, Wang C-L, et al. A systematic review of chiari I malformation: techniques and outcomes. World Neurosurg. 2016;88:7–14.
- Kumar R, Kalra SK, Vaid VK, et al. Chiari I malformation: surgical experience over a decade of management. Br J Neurosurg. 2008;22(3):409–414.
- El-Ghandour NM. Long-term outcome of surgical management of adult Chiari I malformation. Neurosurg Rev. 2012;35(4):537–547.
- Klekamp J. Surgical treatment of Chiari I malformation—analysis of intraoperative findings, complications, and outcome for 371 foramen magnum decompressions. Neurosurgery. 2012;71(2):365–380.
- Pankaj A, Sanjay B, Deepu B, et al. Factors influencing the outcome in symptomatic Chiari I malformation. Neurol India. 2004;52(4):470–474
- Hekman KE, Aliaga L, Straus D, et al. Positive and negative predictors for good outcome after decompressive surgery for Chiari malformation type 1 as scored on the Chicago Chiari outcome scale. Neurol Res. 2012;34(7):694–700.