Publication Cover
Neurological Research
A Journal of Progress in Neurosurgery, Neurology and Neurosciences
Volume 43, 2021 - Issue 11
959
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research Paper

21st Century Early Adult (55-74) Deaths from Brain-Disease-Deaths Compared to All Other Cause Mortality in the Major Western Countries – Exposing a Hidden Epidemic

, , &
Pages 900-908 | Received 21 Aug 2020, Accepted 09 Jun 2021, Published online: 13 Jul 2021

References

  • Pritchard C, Baldwin D, Mayers A. Changing patterns of adult [45-74 years] neurological deaths in the major Western world countries 1979-97. Public Health. 2004;116:1–16.
  • Alonso A, Logroscino G, Jilick SS, et al. Incidence and lifetime risk of motor neurone disease in the United Kingdom: a population based study. Eur J Neurology. 2009;16(6):745–751.
  • Pritchard C, Mayers A, Baldwin DS. Changing patterns of neurological mortality in the 10 major developed countries 1979-2010. Public Health. 2013;127:357–368.
  • Pritchard C, Rosenorn-Lanng E, Silk A, et al. International and USA Population-Based Study Comparing Adult [55-74] Neurological Deaths with Control Cancer and Circulatory Disease Deaths 1989-2014. Acta Neurologica Scandinavia. 2017;136:698–707.
  • Tobin K, Gilthorpe MS, Rooney J, et al. Age- period- cohort analysis of trends in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis incidence. J Neurol. 2016;263:1919–1926.
  • Goldacre MJ, Duncan M, Griffith M, et al. Trends in death certification for multiple sclerosis, motor neurone disease, Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy in English populations 1979-2006. J Neurol. 2010;257:706–715.
  • Riggs JE, Schochet SS. Rising mortality due to Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a manifestation of the competitive nature of human mortality. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45:1007–1012.
  • Easton DM. Complementary Gompertz survival models: decreasing alive versus increasing dead. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009;64:550–555.
  • Panegyres PK, Chen HY. Early- onset Alzheimer’s disease: a global cross- sectional analysis. Eur J Neurol. 2014;21:1149–1154.
  • Sanchez AM, Scharovsky D, Romano LM, et al. Incidence of early- onset dementia in Mar del Plata. Neurologia. 2015;30:77–82.
  • Batla A, De Pablo-Fernandez E, Erro R, et al. Young-onset multiple system atrophy: clinical and pathological features. Mov Disord. 2018;33:1099–1107.
  • Maiovis P, Ioannidis P, Konstantinopoulus E, et al. Early onset dementias: demographic characteristics and aetiological classification in a tertiary referral centre. A Neurologica Belgica. 2019.
  • Strand BH, Knapskog AB, Persson K, et al. The Loss in Expectation of Life due to Early-Onset Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early-Onset Dementia in Norway. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2019 Jul;18:1–11.
  • World Health Organization. World Statistical Annual 11: 126-139. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2014.
  • International Classification of Diseases (2020), Tenth Revision. www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd10.htm. 2021
  • Tai H, Cui L, Shen D, et al. Military service and the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci. 2017;45:337–342.
  • Rice VJ, Schroeder PJ, Cassenti DN, et al. The Effect of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) on Cognitive Performance in a Sample of Active Duty U. Mil Med. 2020;185(Suppl 1):184–189.
  • Tripathy A, Shade A, Erskine B, et al. No Evidence of Increased Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Pathology or Neurodegenerative Proteinopathy in Former Military Service Members: a Preliminary Study. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;67(4):1277–1289.
  • Bergman BP, Mackay DF, Pell JP. Motor neurone disease and military service: evidence from the Scottish Veterans Health Study. Occup Environ Med. 2015;72:877–879.
  • Vlaar T, Elbaz A, Moisan F. Is the incidence of motor neuron disease higher in French military personnel? Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2020 Feb;21(1–2):107–115.
  • Beard JD, Steege AL, Ju J, et al. Mortality from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson’s Disease among different occupation groups - United States, 1985-2011. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66(22):718–722.
  • Chang PA, Wu YJ. Motor neurone disease and neuro- toxic substances: a possible link? Chem Biol Interact. 2009;180:127–130.
  • Santabárbara J, Gracía-Rebled AC, López-Antón R, et al. The effect of occupation type on risk of Alzheimer’s disease in men and women. Maturitas. 2019Aug;126:61–68.
  • Kavanaugh MS, Howard M, Banker-Horner L. Feasibility of a multidisciplinary caregiving training protocol for young caregivers in families with ALS. Soc Work Health Care. 2018;.57(1):1–12.
  • Gunnarsson LG, Bodin L. Occupational Exposures and Neurodegenerative Diseases-A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analyses. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jan 26;16(3):337.
  • Kıvrak EG, Yurt KK, Kaplan AA, et al. Effects of electromagnetic fields exposure on the antioxidant defence system. J Microsc Ultrastruct. 2017;5:167–176.
  • Lasalvia M, Scrima R, Perna G, et al. Exposure to 1.8 GHz electromagnetic fields affects morphology, DNA-related Raman pectra and mitochondrial functions in human lympho-monocytes. PLoS One. 2018;13(2):e0192894.
  • Gore AC. Neuro- endocrine targets of endocrine disruptors. Hormones. 2010;1(9):16–27.
  • Hallberg O. A trend modal Alzheimer’s disease. ADMET. 2015;2(3):281–286.
  • Ross CL, Pettenati MJ, Procita J, et al. Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Field on Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Glob Adv Health Med. 2018 May 18;7: 2164956118777472.
  • Naughton SX, Terry AV. Neurotoxicity in acute and repeated organophosphate exposure. Toxicology. 2018 Sep 1;408: 101–112.
  • Ross SM, McManus IC, Harrison V, et al. Neurobehavioral problems following low-level exposure to organophosphate pesticides: a systematic and meta-analytic review. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2013;43:21–44.
  • O’Callaghan JP, Miller DB. Neuroinflammation disorders exacerbated by environmental stressors. Metabolism. 2019 Nov;100S:153951: DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153951
  • Gangisetty D, Murugan S. Epigenetic modifications in neurological disease: natural products as epigenetic modulators. Adv Neurol. 2016;12:1–25.
  • Kimsa-Dudek M, Synowiec-Wojtarowicz A, Derewniuk M, et al. Impact of fluoride and a static magnetic field on the gene expression that is associated with the antioxidant defence system of human fibroblasts. Chem Biol Interact. 2018;287:13–19.
  • Pasanen P, Myllykangas L, Pöyhönen M, et al. Genetics of dementia in a Finnish cohort. Eur J Hum Genet. 2018;26(6):827–837.
  • Perrone F, Cacace R, Van Mossevelde S, et al. Genetic screening in early-onset dementia patients with unclear phenotype: relevance for clinical diagnosis. Neurobiol Aging. 2018;69:292.e7–292.e14.
  • Balamuralikrshnan B, Balachandar V, Kumar SS, et al. Evaluation of chromosomal alteration in electrical workers occupationally exposed to low frequency of electro-magnetic-fields in Coimbatore population, India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13:2961–2966.
  • Haylock RGE, Gillies M, Hunter N, et al. Cancer mortality and incidence following external occupational radiation exposure: an update of the 3rd analysis of the UK Registry for Radiation Workers. Br J Cancer. 2018;199:530–544.
  • Carson R. The Silent Spring. London, Allen: Penguin; 1968.
  • Kwak K, Paek D, Zoh KE. Exposure to asbestos and the risk of colorectal cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med. 2019 Nov;76(11):861–871.
  • Loomis D, Richardson DB, Elliott L. Quantitative relationships of exposure to chrysotile asbestos and mesothelioma mortality. Am J Ind Med. 2019;62(6):471–477.
  • Luberto F, Ferrante D, Silvestri S, et al. Cumulative asbestos exposure and mortality from asbestos related diseases in a pooled analysis of 21 asbestos cement cohorts in Italy. Environ Health. 2019;18(1):71.