Compulsion, Craft, or Commodity? Education Services Trade in the Larger Context

REFERENCES

• American Council on Education . 2004 . An overview of higher education and the GATS http://www.acenet.edu/programs/international/gats/overview.cfm Retrieved November 5, 2004, from
   Google Scholar
• Altbach , P. 2001 . Why higher education is not a global commodity . Chronicle of Higher Education , 47 May 11 : B20
   Google Scholar
• Altbach , P. 2002 . Knowledge and education as international commodities: The collapse of the common good . International Higher Education , Summer
   Google Scholar
• Altbach , P. 2003 . The United States and international education trade . International Higher Education , www.bc.edu Available at Spring
   Google Scholar
• Ascher , B. . Education and training services in international trade agreements . Paper presented at US-OECD Trade Forum . Washington, DC. May ,
   Google Scholar
• Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation . 2001 . Measures affecting trade and investment in education services in the Asia-Pacific region , Singapore : Author . (Report to the APEC group on Services 2000)
   Google Scholar
• Birdsall , N. and Hamoudi , A. 2002 . Commodity dependence, trade, and growth: when “openness” is not enough , Center for Global Development . (Center for Global Development Working Paper No. 7)
   Google Scholar
• Brown , J. D. 1996 . Testing in language programs , Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , P. and Popovich , P. 2002 . Correlation: Paremetric and nonparemetric measures , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Center for Quality Assurance in International Education . 1999 . Foundations of globalization of higher education in the professions , Washington, DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Dollar , D. 1992 . Outward-oriented developing economies really do grow more rapidly: Evidence from 95 LDCs, 1976–85 . Economic Development and Cultural Change. , 40 : 523 – 544 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dollar , D. and Kraay , A. 2001 . Trade, growth, and poverty , Washington, DC : World Bank . (World Bank Working Paper No. 2615)
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , S. 1997 . Openness, productivity, and growth: What do we really know? , National Bureau of Economic Research . (NBER Working Paper Number 5978)
   Google Scholar
• Fredrikkson , U. 2004 . Quality education: The key role of teachers , Brussels, Belgium : Education International .
   Google Scholar
• Greenaway , D. , Morgan , W. and Wright , P. 2002 . Trade liberalization and growth in developing countries . Journal of Development Economics. , 67 : 229 – 244 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heston , A. , Summers , R. and Aten , B. 2002 . Penn World Table, version 6.1 , Philadelphia, PA : Center for International Comparisons at the University of Pennsylvania .
   Google Scholar
• Heyneman , S. 2001 . The growing international commercial market for educational goods and services . International Journal of Educational Development. , 21 : 345 – 359 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heyneman , S. 2003 . International education: A retrospective . Peabody Journal of Education , 78 ( 1 ) : 33 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Hill , D. 2001 . “ Global capital, neo-liberalism, and privatization: The growth of educational inequality ” . In Schooling and policy: Fact, concept, and policy , Edited by: Hill , D. and Cole , M. 25 – 54 . London : Kogan Page .
   Google Scholar
• Hoekman , B. 1995 . The WTO, the EU and the Arab world: Trade policy priorities and pitfalls , London : CEPR . (Center for Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper 1226)
   Google Scholar
• Jarvis , P. 2000 . Globalization, the learning society, and comparative education . Comparative Education. , 36 : 343 – 355 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemp , S. 2001 . “ Trade in education services and the impacts of barriers to trade ” . In Impediments to trade in services: Measurement and policy implications , Edited by: Findlay , C. and Warren , T. 231 – 244 . New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Knight , J. 2002a . Trade creep: Implications of the GATS for educational trade policy . International Higher Education , 28 ( 2 ) www./bc/edu available at
   Google Scholar
• Knight , J. 2002b . Trade in higher education services: The implications of GATS , London : The Observatory on Borderless Higher Education .
   Google Scholar
• Knight , J. 2003 . Trade talk—the four modes . International Higher Education , Spring
   Google Scholar
• Konen , D. and Maskus , K. 2004 . Quantifying the impact of services liberalization in a developing country , Washington, DC : Author . (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3193)
   Google Scholar
• Larsen , K. , Morris , R. and Martin , J. 2002 . Trade in educational services: Trends and emerging issues . World Economy , 25 ( 6 ) : 3 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Lenn , M. P. 1999 . Higher education and the global marketplace: A practical guide to sustaining quality , Washington, DC : Center for Quality Assurance in International Education .
   Google Scholar
• Lenn , M. P. 2000 . The globalization of the professions in the United States and Canada: a survey and analysis , Washington : The Center for Quality Assurance in International Education .
   Google Scholar
• Lenn , M. P. and Miller , B. 2000 . The foundations of globalization of higher education and the professions , Washington, DC : NCITE .
   Google Scholar
• McGuire , B. and Schuele , M. 2000 . “ Restriction of international trade in maritime services ” . In Impediments to trade in services: Measurement and policy implications , Edited by: Findlay , C. and Warren , T. 201 – 214 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• McGuire , B. , Schuele , M. and Smith , T. 2000 . “ Restrictiveness of international trade in banking services ” . In Impediments to trade in services: Measurement and policy implications , Edited by: Findlay , C. and Warren , T. 172 – 188 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Naidoo , R. 2007 . Higher education as a global commodity: The perils and promises for developing countries , London : Observatory on Borderless Higher Education .
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen-Hong , D. and Wells , R. 2000 . Restrictions on trade in Education Services: Some basic indices , Canberra, Australia : Productivity Commission Staff Research Paper .
   Google Scholar
• Nyborg , P. 2002 . GATS in the light of increasing internationalisation of higher education: Quality assurance and recognition , Paris : OECD .
   Google Scholar
• Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development . 2002 . Current commitments under the GATS in Education Services , Washington, DC : OECD/CERI . (Paper prepared for the OECD/US Forum on Trade in Education Services)
   Google Scholar
• Pampel , F. 2000 . Logistic regression: A primer , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Payne , B. 2005 . Influences and implications of international trade in education services , Vanderbilt University . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Pritchett , L. 1994 . Measuring outward orientation in LDCs: Can it be done? . Journal of Development Economics , 49 : 307 – 335 .
   Google Scholar
• Rose , A. 2004 . Do we really know that the WTO increases trade? . American Economic Review , 94 ( 1 ) March : 98 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sachs , J. and Warner , A. 1992 . Economic reform and the process of global integration . Brookings Papers on Economic Activity. , 1 : 1 – 117 .
   Google Scholar
• Sachs , J. and Warner , A. 1995 . Fundamental sources of long-run growth . American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings , 87 : 184 – 188 .
   Google Scholar
• Sadiman , A. . Trade in Educational Services in southeast Asia: Opportunities and hallenges . Plenary paper presented at the Bejing Forum on Trade and Cooperation in Education Services in Asia . August 23 ,
   Google Scholar
• Sauve , P. . Trade in education and the GATS: What's in, what's out, what's all the fuss about? . Background paper prepared for the OECD/US Forum on Trade in Education Services . Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Sidhu , R. 2007 . GATS and the new developmentalism: Governing transitional education . Comparative Education Review. , 51 : 203 – 229 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thailand–Australia Free Trade Agreement . 2004 . New South Wales: Australian Department of Foreign Government and Trade
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Commerce . 1998 . U.S. international transactions in private services, a guide to the surveys conducted by the Bureau of Economic Analysis , Washington, DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Commerce . 2000 . U.S. international services—Cross-border trade in 1999 and sales through affiliates in 1998, survey of current business , Washington, DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. International Trade Commission . 2006 . Recent trends in U.S. services trade: 2006 annual report , Washington, DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Van Den Wende , M. 2001 . Internationalism policies: About new trends and contrasting paradigms . Higher Education Policy. , 14 : 249 – 259 .
   Google Scholar
• World Bank . 2004 . World development report 2005: A better investment climate for everyone , Washington, DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• World Trade Organization . 1999a . The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS): Objectives, coverage and disciplines (Document prepared by the WTO Secretariat)
   Google Scholar
• World Trade Organization . 1999b . Market access: Unfinished business—post Uruguay Round inventory and issues , Geneva, , Switzerland : Author . (Special Study, No. 6)
   Google Scholar
• WTO Secretariat . September 23 1998a . Education Services September 23 , (S/C/W/49)
   Google Scholar
• WTO . April 2001 . Trade in Services Division. The general agenda for trade in services: Objectives, coverage, and disciplines. WTO April ,
   Google Scholar
• WTO Secretariat . 2001 . GATS: Fact or fiction http://www.wto.org/english/gatsfacts1004_e.pdf Retrieved December 13, 2007 from
   Google Scholar