From Ethnic Minorities to Black Majorities: The Challenges and Dilemmas of Attempting to Decolonize the British Higher Education System

References

• Ackah, W. (1999). Pan-Africanism: Exploring the contradictions: Politics, identity and development in Africa and the African diaspora. Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Ackah, W. (2012). The experience of my experience: Reflections on working in “deranged” White academic space. In M. Christian (Ed.), Integrated but unequal: Black faculty in predominantly White space (pp. 189–206). Africa World Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ackah, W. (2014, May 14). British universities need Black studies. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/may/14/british-universities-need-black-studies
   Google Scholar
• Ackah, W., & Christian, M. (Eds.) (1997). Black organisation and identity in Liverpool: A local, national and global perspective. Charles Wootton College.
   Google Scholar
• Adams, R. (2019, March 29). Universities must do more for Black students, warns watchdog. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/education/2019/mar/29/english-universities-show-gaps-in-black-students-attainment-data-reveals
   Google Scholar
• Adi, H. (Ed.). (2019). Black British history: New perspectives. Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed, S. (2012). On being included: Racism and diversity in institutional life. Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews, K. (2018). The challenge for Black studies in the neoliberal university. In G. Bhambra, D. Gebrial, & K. Nişancıoğlu (Eds.), Decolonising the university (pp. 129–142). Pluto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Arbouin, A. (2018). Black British graduates: Untold stories. UCL-IOE.
   Google Scholar
• Arday, J. (2018). Being Black, male and academic: Navigating the White academy. In J. Arday & H. S. Mirza (Eds.), Dismantling race in higher education: Racism, whiteness and decolonizing the academy (pp. 161–174). Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Baldwin, J. (2018). The White man’s guilt. In J. Baldwin (Ed.), Dark days (pp. 41–50). Penguin. First published 1965.
   Google Scholar
• Beckles, H. (2013). Britain’s Black debt: Reparations for Caribbean slavery and native genocide. University of the West Indies.
   Google Scholar
• Bernard, C. (2017). Reflecting on a journey: Positionality, marginality and the outsider within. In D. Gabriel & S. A. Tate (Eds.), Inside the ivory tower: Narratives of women of colour surviving and thriving in British academia (pp. 80–90). UCL-IOE Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bhambra, G., Gebrial, D., & Nişancıoğlu, K. (2018). Introduction: Decolonising the university? In G. Bhambra, D. Gebrial, & K. Nişancıoğlu (Eds.), Decolonising the university (pp. 1–17). Pluto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bhopal, K. (2014). The experience of BME academics in higher education: Aspirations in the face of inequality. Leadership Foundation for Higher Education.
   Google Scholar
• Boahen, A. A. (1990). General history of Africa Vol. VII: Africa under colonial domination, 1880–1935. UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• Boliver, V. (2016). Exploring ethnic inequalities in admission to Russell Group universities. Sociology, 50(2), 247–266. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038515575859
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bolton, P. (2019). Higher education student numbers (Briefing Paper No. 7857). House of Commons Library.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, I. (2016). The School of Oriental and African Studies: Imperial training and the expansion of learning. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Capella, H. (2019, August 23). Glasgow University’s “bold” move to pay back slave trade profits. BBC Online. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-49435041
   Google Scholar
• Carrell, S. (2019, August 23). Glasgow University to pay £20m in slave trade reparations: Institution believed to be first British university to set up restorative justice scheme. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/aug/23/glasgow-university-slave-trade-reparations
   Google Scholar
• Chambers, E. (2017). Roots & culture: Cultural politics in the making of Black Britain. I. B. Taurus.
   Google Scholar
• Chantiluke, R., Kwoba, B., & Nkopo, A. (2018). Introduction from the editors. In Rhodes must fall: The struggle to decolonise the racist heart of empire (pp. xv–xxii). Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Coleman, N. T. (2014, October 9) Eugenics: The academy’s complicity. Times Higher Education.
   Google Scholar
• Collins, P. H. (1986). Learning from the outsider within: The sociological significance of Black feminist thought. Social Problems, 33(6), 14–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/800672
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, P. H. (1991). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness and the politics of empowerment. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Coughlan, S. (2019, April 30). Cambridge investigates its slavery links. BBC News. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-48097051
   Google Scholar
• DuBois, W. E. B. (1969). The souls of Black folk. Signet. First published 1903.
   Google Scholar
• Eltis, D. (1979). The British contribution to the Atlantic slave trade. Economic History Review, 32, 211–227. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2595454
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espinoza, J. (2016, January 13). Oxford University students who don’t like Cecil Rhodes should “think about being educated elsewhere”, says chancellor. The Telegraph. Retrieved from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/12096928/Oxford-University-students-who-dont-like-Cecil-Rhodes-should-think-about-being-educated-elsewhere-says-chancellor.html
   Google Scholar
• Espinoza, J., & Rayner, G. (2016, January 29). Cecil Rhodes statue to remain at Oxford University after alumni threaten to withdraw millions. The Telegraph. Retrieved from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/universityeducation/12128151/Cecil-Rhodes-statue-to-remain-at-Oxford-University-after-alumni-threatens-to-withdraw-millions.html
   Google Scholar
• Etienne, J. (2016). Learning in womanist ways: Narratives of first-generation African Caribbean women. UCL-IOE.
   Google Scholar
• Fanon, F. (1967). Black skin, White masks. Grove Press.
   Google Scholar
• Frederick, M. (2003). Between Sundays: Black women and everyday struggles of faith. University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Freire, P. (1996). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Penguin. First published 1968.
   Google Scholar
• Gilham, N. (2001). A life of Sir Francis Galton: From African exploration to the birth of eugenics. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gopal, P. (2019). Insurgent empire: Anti-colonial resistance and British dissent. Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, C., Draper, N., McClelland, K., Donington, K., & Lang, R. (2016). Legacies of British slave ownership: Colonial slavery and the formation of Victorian Britain. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, S. (2000). Frontlines and backyards: The terms of change. In K. Owusu (Ed.), Black British culture and society: A text reader (pp. 127–130). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Henriques, A., & Abushouk, L. (2018). Decolonising Oxford: The student movement from Stuart Hall to skin deep. In J. Arday & H. Mirza (Eds.), Dismantling race in higher education (pp. 297–309). Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Holmwood, J. (Ed.). (2011). A manifesto for the public university. Bloomsbury Academic.
   Google Scholar
• Inikori, J. (2002). Africans and the industrial revolution in England: A study in international and economic development. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Inikori, J. (2004). Slavery and the development of industrial capitalism in England. In B. L. Solow & S. L. Engerman (Eds.), Capitalism and Caribbean slavery: The legacy of Eric Williams (pp. 79–102). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, J. P., & Weidman, N. M. (2005). Race, racism and science: Social impact and interaction. Rutgers University Press.
   Google Scholar
• James, C. L. R. (1980). The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L’Ouverture and the San Domingo revolution. Allison & Busby. First published 1938.
   Google Scholar
• John, G. (2006). Taking a stand: Gus John speaks on education, race, social action and civil unrest, 1980–2005. Gus John Partnership.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, A., & Joseph-Salisbury, R. (2018). Are you supposed to be in here? Racial microaggressions and knowledge production in higher education. In J. Arday & H. Mirza (Eds.), Dismantling racism in higher education (pp. 143–160). Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, A., Joseph-Salisbury, R., & Kamunge, B. (2018). The fire now: Anti-racist scholarship in times of explicit racial violence. Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Joseph, A. (2016, January 2). Former equality chief slams “witless and reprehensible” campaign to remove statue of Rhodes from Oxford college. Daily Mail. Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3381864/Trevor-Phillips-slams-Rhodes-Fall-campaign.html
   Google Scholar
• Livingstone, D. (1857). Speech to Cambridge students. David Livingstone 2013. Retrieved from http://davidlivingstone2013.blogspot.com/2012/05/cambridge-speech-of-december-1857.html
   Google Scholar
• Marley, B. (1979). Ambush in the night. In On Survival [LP]. Tuff Gong Recording Studio.
   Google Scholar
• Memmi, A. (1990). The colonizer and the colonized. Earthscan. First published 1965.
   Google Scholar
• Mignolo, W. D., & Walsh, C. E. (2018). On decoloniality: Concepts, analytics, praxis. Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, W. (2016, March 14) Why is my professor still not Black? Times Higher Education. Retrieved from https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/why-my-professor-still-not-black.
   Google Scholar
• Nkopo, N., Madenga, T., & Chantiluke, R. (2018). Skin deep: The Black women of Rhodes must fall in Oxford. In Rhodes must fall, Oxford, Rhodes must fall: The struggle to decolonise the racist heart of empire (pp. 21–37). Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Oxford University. (2019, August 2). Baroness Valerie Amos appointed as Master of University College, first-ever Black college head appointed at Oxford. University of Oxford News and Events. Retrieved from http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2019-08-02-baroness-valerie-amos-appointed-master-university-college
   Google Scholar
• Qwabe, N. (2018). Protesting the Rhodes statue at Oriel College. In Rhodes must fall, Oxford, Rhodes must fall: The struggle to decolonise the racist heart of empire (pp. 6–15). Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Rhodes Must Fall, Oxford. (2018). Rhodes must fall: The struggle to decolonise the racist heart of empire. Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Rhys, J. (2000). Wide Sargasso Sea. Penguin Classics. First published 1966.
   Google Scholar
• Rodney, W. (1988). How Europe underdeveloped Africa. Bogle L’Ouverture. First published 1972.
   Google Scholar
• Rollock, N. (2019). Staying power: The career experiences and strategies of UK Black female professors. University and College Union.
   Google Scholar
• Runnymede Trust. (2014). When education isn’t enough: Labour market outcomes of ethnic minority graduates at elite universities. Runnymede Trust.
   Google Scholar
• Shilliam, R. (2018). Black academia. In G. K. Bhambra, D. Gebrial, & K. Nişancıoğlu (Eds.), Decolonising the university (pp. 53–63). Pluto.
   Google Scholar
• Stanford-Xosei, E. (2019). The long road of pan-African liberation to reparatory justice. In H. Adi (Ed.), Black British history: New perspectives (pp. 176–198). Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Steinmetz, G. (2013). A child of the empire: British sociology and colonialism. Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 49(4), 353–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tate, S. A. (2012). “Supping it”: Racial affective economies and the epistemology of ignorance in UK universities. In M. Christian (Ed.), Integrated but unequal: Black faculty in predominantly White space (pp. 207–226). Africa World Press.
   Google Scholar
• Thiong’o, N. (1986). Decolonizing the mind: The politics of language in African literature. East African Educational Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Tuck, E., & Yang, W. K. (2012). Decolonization is not a metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society, 1(1), 1–40.
   Google Scholar
• UCL. (2014a). Why is my curriculum White? Retrieved from http://www.dtmh.ucl.ac.uk/videos/curriculum-white/
   Google Scholar
• UCL. (2014b, March 21). Why isn’t my professor Black? UCL panel discussion. YouTube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBqgLK9dTk4
   Google Scholar
• Universities UK. (2018). Higher education in numbers. Retrieved from https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/facts-and-stats/Pages/higher-education-data.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Universities UK & National Union of Students. (2019). Black, Asian and minority ethnic student attainment at UK universities: #closing the gap. Universities UK.
   Google Scholar
• Warmington, P. (2014). Black British intellectuals and education: Multiculturalism’s hidden history. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Woodson, C. G. (2017). The mis-education of the negro. Dancing Unicorn Books. First published 1933.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, R. (1995). The psychological reactions of oppressed people. In R. Wright (Ed.), White man listen: Lectures in Europe, 1950–1956 (pp. 1–44). Harper Perennial. First published 1957.
   Google Scholar