‘Unsatisfactory national identity’: School inspectors, education and national identity in interwar Latvia

Notes

• See Plakans Andrejs The Latvians Russification in the Baltic Provinces and Finland, 1855–1914 Thaden Edward C. Princeton University Press Princeton 1981 207 267 in
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• See for example Jaunsudrabiņš Jānis Baltā Grāmata; Zaļā Grāmata Anna Brigadere's Dievs, Daba, Darbs; and Jānis Poruks' many short stories
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• 1919 . “ Latvia's schools during the time of the Bolsheviks ” . In Latvijas Valsts Vēstures Arhivs 11 – 11 . written in Rīga in (LVVA, Latvian State Historical Archives), 1632, 2, 1305,
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• The complexities of the wars following World War I are well addressed in many sources including Page Stanley The Formation of the Baltic States: A Study of the Effects of Great Power Politics upon the Emergence of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia Howard Fertig New York 1970 David Kirby. The Baltic World 1772–1993: Europe's Northern Periphery in an Age of Change. New York: Longman, 1995.
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• “ Kārlis Zeema's (Bauska district primary school inspector) Report to the Minister of Education, November 1, 1919 ” . In LVVA, 6642, 1, 205 in Kārlis Ziema exemplified the bravery and limits of national officials during the fall of 1919. He began reporting on Bauska district while the region was still under Bermondt control. He ultimately resigned, however, when he was not paid for more than a third of the year.
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• “ Bauska district overview of primary schools, 1920–1922 ” . In LVVA, 6642, 1, 205 30 – 31 . In
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• “ Minutes of the Teachers' Conference of Liepāja, July 22, 1921 ” . In LVVA, 6642, 1, 40 151 – 152 . in
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• “ Minutes of the Teachers' Conference of Liepāja, July 22, 1921 ” . In LVVA, 6642, 1, 40 152 – 153 . in
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• “ Report of the Chief of the Primary Schools Section about school audits in 1923 ” . In LVVA, 6642, 1, 175 in
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• “ Inspector's Overview of the work of primary schools in Aizpute and Kuldīga Districts, 1925–1931 ” . In LVVA, 6642, 1, 204 42 – 43 . in
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• See for example LVVA, 6642, 1, 204 41 41 LVVA, 6642, 1, 180, pp. 32–35; LVVA, 6642, 1, 204, pp. 63–66; LVVA, 6642, 1, 205, pp. 48–50.
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• “ Overview of the Kuldīga 1st Municipal Primary School, November 29, 1929 ” . In LVVA in
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• In Vicinity Studies LVVA, 1632, 2, 1372 in
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• In LVVA, 1632, 2, 1312 14 14
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• “ The Pedagogical Foundations of Separate Instruction for Boys and Girls ” . In LVVA, 1632, 2, 1313 in The project is also mentioned in “Tautskolu direkcijai: 1934./35. māc.g. I. puses darbības pārskats,” in LVVA, 6642, 1, 186, p. 94
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• “ Overview of the Ilūkste District National School Inspector's Activity for the First Half of the Academic Year 1939–1940 ” . In LVVA, 6642, 1, 201 84 – 84 . in
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• “ Completely Backward Lagging Pupils in our Primary Schools, 1935–1936 ” . In LVVA, 1632, 2, 1312 2 – 4 . in
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• “ Completely Backward Lagging Pupils in our Primary Schools, 1935–1936 ” . In LVVA, 1632, 2, 1312 3 – 3 . in
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• See for example LVVA, 6642, 1, 260
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• “ Inspector's Overview, 1935–1937, The Districts of Jaunlatgale, Jēkabpils, Jelgava, Bauska, Kuldīga, Aizpute, and Madona ” . In LVVA, 6642, 1, 190 80 – 80 . in
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• “ Audited Schools, 1934–1939 ” . In LVVA, 6642, 1, 176 24 – 24 . in
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• In LVVA, 6642, 1, 201 76 76
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• In LVVA, 6647, 1 1591 as opposed to LVVA, 6647, 1, 1587
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• The structure and instruction of the mazpulki is very similar to the Hitlerjugend described in Koch H.W. The Hitler Youth: Origins and Development 1922–1945 Cooper Square Press New York 2000
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• For one of countless reports see LVVA, 6642, 1, 185
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• Auškaps , J. 1939 . “ Goals and Assignments in the Training of Youth ” . In Vadītājs Vol. 1 , 3 – 6 .
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• Lūsis , Ar. 1939 . Mazpulki Participants' National Training . Vadītājs , 5 : 220 – 222 .
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• See for example Reports on Necessary Changes for the Primary Schools of Ilūkste District in the Academic Year 1940–1941 LVVA, 6642, 1, 201 117 120 in
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