The Estonian Tiger Leap from Post-Communism to the Information Society: From Policy to Practice

References

• Arnstein , SR . 1969 . ‘A Ladder of Citizen Participation’ . JAIP , 35 ( 4 ) available at: http://lithgow-schmidt.dk/sherry-arnstein/ladder-of-citizen-participation.html, accessed April 2008
   Google Scholar
• Barzilai-Nahon , K . 2006 . Gaps and Bits: Conceptualizing Measurements for Digital Divide/s . The Information Society , 22 ( 5 )
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bekkers , V , Duivenboden , van H and Thaens , M . 1999 . Information and Communication Technology and Public Communication , Amsterdam : IOS Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bellamy , C and Taylor , JA . 1998 . Governing in the Information Age , Buckingham : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Berleur , J , Nurminen , MI and Impagliazzo , J . 2006 . Social Informatics: An Information Society for All? In Remembrance of Rob Kling , Springer : Boston .
   Google Scholar
• Buraway , M and Verdery , K . 1999 . Uncertain Transition. Ethnographies of Change in the Postsocialist World , Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Carpentier , N . 2007 . ‘Participation and Interactivity: Changing Perspectives. The Construction of an Integrated Model on Access, Interaction and Participation’ Edited by: Nightingale , V and Dwyer , T . (2007)
   Google Scholar
• Carpentier , N , Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt , P , Nordenstreng , K , Hartmann , M , Vihalemm , P , Nieminen , H and Cammaerts , B . 2007 . Media Technologies for Democracy in an Enlarged Europe: The Intellectual Work of the 2007 European Media and Communication Doctoral Summer School , Tartu : Tartu University Press .
   Google Scholar
• de Almeida Alves , N . 3–6 September 2007 2007 . “ ‘Profiles of Internet Users’ ” . In paper presented at 8th European Sociology Association Conference: Conflict, Citizenship and Civil Society 3–6 September 2007 , Glasgow (UK, Glasgow)
   Google Scholar
• Docter , S and Dutton , WH . 1999 . ‘The Social Shaping of the Democracy Network (DNet)’ Edited by: Hague , BN and Loader , BD . (1999)
   Google Scholar
• Driessen , H . 1999 . ‘Public Service Innovation in Europe’ Edited by: Bekkers , V , Duivenboden , van H and Thaens , M . (1999)
   Google Scholar
• Ehin , P . 2007 . Political Support in the Baltic States, 1993–2004 . Journal of Baltic Studies , 38 ( 1 )
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estonian Human Development Report . 1996 . Tallinn : UNDP . available at: http://web.archive.org/web/19980110191652/www.ciesin.ee/undp/nhdr96/est/index.html, accessed April 2008
   Google Scholar
• Estonian Human Development Report . 1997 . Tallinn : UNDP . available at: http://web.archive.org/web/19980110191337/www.ciesin.ee/undp/nhdr97/est/index.html, accessed April 2008
   Google Scholar
• Global Competitiveness Report . 2007 . The Lisbon Review 2006: Measuring Europe's Progress in Reform , Cologny/Geneva : World Economic Forum . available at: http://www.weforum.org/pdf/gcr/lisbonreview/report2006.pdf, accessed April 2008
   Google Scholar
• Hague , BN and Loader , BD . 1999 . ‘Digital Democracy: An Introduction’ Edited by: Hague , BN and Loader , BD . (1999)
   Google Scholar
• Hague , BN and Loader , BD . 1999 . Digital Democracy: Discourse and Decision Making in the Information Age , Routledge : London & New York .
   Google Scholar
• Hague , BN and Loader , BD . 2001 . Digital Democracy: Discourse and Decision Making in the Information Age , Routledge : London & New York .
   Google Scholar
• Hibberd , L . 2003 . E-Participation, Broadcasting and Democracy in the UK . Convergence , 9 ( 1 )
   Google Scholar
• Kalmus , V , Lauristin , M and Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt , P . 2004 . Eesti elavik 21. sajandi algul: ülevaade uurimuse Mina. Maailm. Meedia tulemustest [Estonian Lifeworld in the Beginning of the 21st Century: Overview of Results from Research Project Me. The World. The Media] , Tartu : Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus .
   Google Scholar
• Kalmus , V and Vihalemm , T . 2004 . ‘Eesti siirdekultuuri väärtused’ [‘Estonian Values of Transition Cultures’] Edited by: Kalmus , V , Lauristin , M and Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt , P . (2004)
   Google Scholar
• Kalvet , T . 2007 . The Estonian Information Society Developments since the 1990s , Praxis working paper 29 Tallinn, Praxis
   Google Scholar
• Kerem , K . 2003 . Internet Banking in Estonia available at: http://www.efmn.info/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=182, (European Foresight Monitoring network), accessed April 2008
   Google Scholar
• Lagerspetz , M . 2006 . Kodanikuühiskonna Lühisõnastik [Short Dictionary of Civic Society] available at: http://www.siseministeerium.ee/failid/KYsonaraamatWEB.pdf, accessed April 2008
   Google Scholar
• Lass , A . 1999 . ‘Portable Worlds: On the Limits of Replication in the Czech and Slovak Republics’ Edited by: Buraway , M and Verdery , K . 273 – 300 . (1999)
   Google Scholar
• Lauristin , M . 2007 . ‘Teistsuguse Eesti ootuses’ [‘Awaiting different Estonia’] . Postimees , 13 January
   Google Scholar
• Lauristin , M and Vihalemm , P . 1997 . ‘Recent Historical Developments in Estonia: Three Stages of Transition (1987–1997)’ Edited by: Lauristin , M , Vihalemm , P , Rosengren , K-E and Weibull , L . 73 – 126 . (1997)
   Google Scholar
• Lauristin , M and Vihalemm , P . 2008 . Eesti siirdeaeg tagasivaates: periodiseering ja arengutegurid, EV Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium Pärnu 27–28 aug 2008, lk 97–101 , Konverentsi kogumik : Eesti Vabariik 90. .
   Google Scholar
• Lauristin , M , Vihalemm , P , Rosengren , K-E and Weibull , L . 1997 . Return to the Western World: Cultural and Political Perspectives on the Estonian Post-Communist Transition , Tartu : Tartu University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lauristin , M and Vihalemm , T . 1997 . ‘Changing Value Systems: Civilizational Shift and Local Differences’ Edited by: Lauristin , M , Vihalemm , P , Rosengren , K-E and Weibull , L . (1997)
   Google Scholar
• Lievrouw , L . 2000 . The Information Environment and Universal Service . The Information Society , 16 ( 2 )
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mägi , E . 1999 . Tiger Leap Program . Global Estonian , Summer : 28 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Menou , M and Taylor , R . 2006 . A “Grand Challenge”: Measuring Information Societies . The Information Society , 22 ( 5 )
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nightingale , V and Dwyer , T . 2007 . New Media Worlds: Challenges for Convergence , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nørgaard , O . 2000 . Economic Institutions and Democratic Reform: A Comparative Analysis of Post-communist Countries , Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Norris , P . 2001 . ‘Digital Divide: Civic Engagement, Information Poverty and the Internet Worldwide’ Edited by: Hague , BN and Loader , BD . (2001)
   Google Scholar
• OECD . 2001 . Citizens as Partners: Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-making , PUMA, OECD . available at: http://www.govx.org.uk/communities/spaces/citizenservice/knowledge/entries/engaging-citizens-in-policy-making---an-oecd-handbook/Citizens%20as%20Partners.pdf, accessed April 2008
   Google Scholar
• Principles of Estonian Information Policy . 1998 . available at: http://www.riso.ee/en/files/Principles_of_Estonian_Information_Policy_1998.pdf, accessed April 2008
   Google Scholar
• Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt , P . 2006a . ‘Computers and Internet Related Beliefs among Estonian Computer Users and Non-users’ Edited by: Berleur , J , Nurminen , MI and Impagliazzo , J . (2006)
   Google Scholar
• Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt , P . 2006b . “ Information Technology Users and Uses within the Different Layers of the Information Environment in Estonia ” . In Doctoral Thesis , Tartu : Tartu University Press . available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10062/173, accessed April 2008
   Google Scholar
• Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt , P . 2007 . ‘Participating in a Representative Democracy: Three Case Studies of Estonian Participatory Online Initiatives’ Edited by: Carpentier , N , Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt , P , Nordenstreng , K , Hartmann , M , Vihalemm , P , Nieminen , H and Cammaerts , B . (2007)
   Google Scholar
• Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt , P and Kalvet , T . 2008 . Infokihistumine: Interneti mittekasutajad, vähekasutajad ning hiljuti kasutama hakanud [Information Stratification: Non-users, Small-scale Users and Recent Starters] , Praxis working paper 41 Tallinn, Praxis
   Google Scholar
• Reinsalu , K . 2006 . Is Estonian Local E-government Responsive to Citizens’ Needs? The Case Study of Tartu, Estonia . Information Polity: An International Journal of Government and Democracy in the Information Age , 11 ( 3–4 ) : 255 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Reinsalu , K and Winsvold , M . 2008 . Does Civic Culture Influence the Use of Online Forums? A Comparative Study of Local Online Participation in Estonia and Norway . Journal of Public Administration and Public Policy , 1 ( 1 ) : 51 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Ridell , S . 2002 . The Web as a Space for Local Agency . Communications , 27 ( 2 ) : 147 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Runnel , P . 2001 . The Tiger Leap Project and the Toilet Wall. Development of the Internet and IT Consciousness in Estonia . Nord Nytt , 82 August
   Google Scholar
• Scheufele , DA and Nisbet , MC . 2002 . Being a Citizen Online: New Opportunities and Dead Ends . Press/Politics , 7 ( 3 )
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Servaes , J . 2003 . The European Information Society: A Reality Check , Intellect : Bristol & Portland .
   Google Scholar
• Servaes , J and Heinderyckx , F . 2002 . The “New” ICTs Environment in Europe: Closing or Widening Gaps? . Telematics and Informatics , 19 ( 2 )
   Google Scholar
• Siil , I . 1997 . “ ‘The First Year of the Estonian Informatics Centre’ ” . In IT in Public Administration of Estonia 1997 available at: http://www.riso.ee/en/pub/1997it/, accessed April 2008
   Google Scholar
• Tallo , I , Ott , A , Leosk , N , Marvet , P , Segaert , S , Trechsel , AH , Glencross , A and Rebane , E . 2007 . TOM Analysis Report , available at: http://tidywork.pbwiki.com/TOM+analysis+report, accessed April 2008
   Google Scholar
• TOM . 2008 . available at: http://www.eesti.ee/tom/, accessed April 2008
   Google Scholar
• Vassil , K . 2007 . e-Valimistest osavõtmise tegurid ja kogemus: E-valijate võrdlev analüüs 2005. aasta kohalike valimiste ja 2007. aasta riigikogu valimiste põhjal [Participation Factors and Experience in E-voting: Comparative Analysis Based on Local Government Elections in 2005 and Parliament Elections in 2007], unpublished Masters Thesis , University of Tartu, Department of Journalism and Communications . available at: http://www.jrnl.ut.ee/loputood/2007magistritood/vassil_kristjan.pdf, accessed April 2008
   Google Scholar
• Vengerfeldt , P and Runnel , P . 2004 . ‘Uus meedia Eestis’ [‘New Media in Estonia’] Edited by: Vihalemm , P . (2004)
   Google Scholar
• Verba , S . 1961 . Small Groups and Political Behaviour , Princeton : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Vihalemm , P . 2004 . Meediasüsteem ja meediakasutus Eestis 1965–2004 [Media System and Media Use in Estonia 1965–2004] , Tartu : Tartu University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Vogt , H . 2005 . Between Utopia and Disillusionment: A Narrative of the Political Transformation in Eastern Europe , New York & Oxford : Berghahn Books .
   Google Scholar
• VVK . 2007 . Main Statistics of E-Voting , available at: http://www.vvk.ee/english/Ivoting%20comparison%202005_2007.pdf, accessed April 2008
   Google Scholar
• World Economic Forum . 2006 . Global Competitiveness Report 2007–2008 , available at: http://www.gcr.weforum.org/, accessed April 2008
   Google Scholar
• Wormald , T . 2005 . ‘Visions of the Future: Technology and Imagination in Hungarian Civil Society’ . Anthropology Matters Journal , 7 ( 1 ) available at: http://www.anthropologymatters.com/journal/2005-1/wormald_2005_visions.pdf, accessed April 2008
   Google Scholar